Post on 04-Jan-2016
transcript
THE FIRST AMERICANS: PREHISTORY - 1492
North American Peoples
Early Native Americans
LongLong before the Europeans came in 1500’s CE Many native
cultures… Rose Flourished Disappeared
Most advanced Hohokam
(Southwest) Anasazi (Southwest) Mound Builders
(Ohio River Valley)
The Hohokam
Present-day Arizona Dry, hot desert Area b/t Gila and Salt River
Valleys Believed from Mexico
Came around 300BCE Flourished 300CE-1300CE
Experts @ squeezing every drop of water Life depended on irrigation
100’s miles of channels bringing H2O
Left behind… Pottery Carved stone Shells etched w/ acid
(acquired in trade from coastal people)
The Anasazi
1CE-1300CE
4 Corners (where Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico meet)
Built great stone dwellings Pueblo Bonita
Spanish for pretty village Stone and sun-dried clay 4 stories high
800+ rooms and 32 kivas!!! Cliff Dwellings
Carved & built into walls of cliffs Mesa Verde
1000’s of inhabitants Easy to defend Protection from winter weather
Complex system of roads linking the villages
Env’t issues finally caused demise Drought Etc.
The Mound Builders
Earthen mounds dot US landscape Not work of a single group, but
many called, the Mound Builders
Earliest built around 1000BCE Some shape of pyramids; some
elaborate animals Some contain burial chambers
From Pennsylvania to Mississippi River
As far north as Great Lakes and south as far as Florida
Major Builders… Adena 800BCE
Ohio Valley hunter-gatherers
Hopewell 200BCE-500CE Farmers and traders Burial mounds in shape of birds,
snakes, alligators
Cahokia
Largest settlement of mound builders Built by Mississippians Present-day Illinois
Largest mound (Monk’s Mound)- 100ft!!! Looks like cities of Aztecs even though more than 2,000 miles away
Believed they travelled from Mexico through Gulf and up the Mississippi River
Dominated by pyramid-shaped mounds
THE FIRST AMERICANS: PREHISTORY - 1492
North American Peoples
Modern Native Americans
As early groups faded away… Other rise to take their
place Europeans arrive and
NA full of many new, different native cultures
Modern Natives are the ones we think of today
Wherever they lived and how… Did what best suited
their environment All of this will change
when the “white man” arrives!!!
Peoples of the North
Inuit People who settled northernmost
part of NA Land surrounding Arctic Ocean Believed to be the last to pass over
Beringia Many skills (brought from original
home in Siberia) Winter they built igloos
Made of blocks of ice and snow to protect from extreme cold
Cloths made of furs and sealskin Made both warm and waterproof
Hunters and Fisherman Coastal Waters
Whales, seals, and walruses Skin-covered boats
Land Hunted caribou
Made cloths from hides and burned seal-oil lamps
Peoples of the West
Northwest Coast Tlingit, Haida, Chinook Used resources of forest and
sea Built
wooden houses, canoes, cloth, baskets from tree bark
Spears and traps Fished for salmon
Main food source Smoked over fires to
preserve Plateau
Area b/t Cascade and Rocky Mts.
Nez Perce and Yakima Fished for salmon Hunted deer in forests Gathered roots and berries Made earthen houses
Mild climate and dependable food = good place for many different groups
California Great variety of cultures
Northern Coast Fished for their food
Southern Deserts Nomadic groups
gathered roots and seeds
Central Valley Pomo people
Women gathered acorns and pounded into flour
Great Basin Area b/t Sierra Nevada and
Rocky Mts. Dry climate, hard rocky soil Ute and Shoshone
Traveled for food, nomadic Ate small game, nuts,
berries, roots, and insects
Peoples of the Southwest
Descendents of Anasazi Hopi, Acoma, Zuni
Built homes of adobe Raised maize (main)
Beans, squash, pumpkins, melons, and fruit
Part of major trade network Into SW and Mexico
1500’s 2 new groups settled in area
Apache and Navajo Hunter-gatherers
Deer and other game Eventually…
Became stationary Permanent homes called Hogans Grew maize Raised sheep
People of the Plains
Nomadic Temporary villages
(growing season) Tepees
Men hunted antelope, deer but mainly buffalo
Women grew plots of maize, beans, squash
1500’s Spanish brought horses to Mexico Some got out migrated
North Tamed wild horses Became skilled riders who
hunted, and fought from backs
Used spears, bows, clubs, and knives
People of the NE Woodlands
Northeast Woodlands Iroquois and Cherokee
Complex political systems to govern nations
Longhouses Used forest to hunt and grow
crops Deer, corn, beans, squash
Iroquois near Canada, now northern NY 5 nations
Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga
Warred w/ each other until 1500’s Joined together to form Iroquois
Confederacy Women ruled; chose the men for
the tribal council 1st Constitution in the new world
People of the Southeast
Woodland, but warmer climate Creek, Chickasaw,
Cherokee, Catawba Creek: farming villages
(GA, ALAB) Corn, tobacco, squash,
etc. Chickasaw: now Miss.
Farmed river bottoms Cherokee and Catawba
Farmed mts. of GA and Carolinas