The First The First Political Political PartiesParties

EQ: How do EQ: How do governments governments

change? change? Chapter 9, Lesson 3 Chapter 9, Lesson 3

Vocabulary: Ch. 9, Lesson 3Vocabulary: Ch. 9, Lesson 3

PartisanPartisan

CaucusCaucus

AliensAliens

SeditionSedition

NullifyNullify

State’ rights State’ rights

Opposing Parties Opposing Parties

By 1796 Americans were beginning to By 1796 Americans were beginning to separate into opposing groups. separate into opposing groups.

• Economic polices • Foreign relations• How much power the federal government should have?

FederalistsFederalists Washington “above” politics, Washington “above” politics, but a federalistbut a federalist

Federalist party emergesFederalist party emerges John Adams & Alexander HamiltonJohn Adams & Alexander Hamilton

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

1.1. Pro industrial developmentPro industrial development

2.2. Pro BritishPro British

3.3. Pro strong federal Pro strong federal governmentgovernment

4.4. ““LooserLooser” interpretation of ” interpretation of ConstitutionConstitution

Democratic -RepublicansDemocratic -Republicans Democratic- RepublicansDemocratic- Republicans

(D-Rs) (D-Rs) Thomas Jefferson & Thomas Jefferson &

James Madison James Madison CharacteristicsCharacteristics

1.1. Pro agriculturePro agriculture

2.2. Pro revolutionary Pro revolutionary FranceFrance

3.3. Pro “common” manPro “common” man

4.4. Pro States rights Pro States rights

5.5. StrictStrict interpretation of interpretation of ConstitutionConstitution

Election of 1796Election of 1796

Presidential ElectionPresidential Election John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson

First time two parties held meetings = First time two parties held meetings = caucusescaucuses

Adams wins with 71 electoral votes, Adams wins with 71 electoral votes, Jefferson finished second. Jefferson finished second. Constitution= Adams is President, Thomas Constitution= Adams is President, Thomas

Jefferson Vice-President Jefferson Vice-President

John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson

https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/politicalpartyorigins/

Review Questions: Chapter 9, Review Questions: Chapter 9, Lesson 3Lesson 3

Complete Questions #1 and #2 in the Complete Questions #1 and #2 in the packet. packet.

ActivityActivity: Presidential Buttons : Presidential Buttons

• Create an Create an election election button button for yourfor your

• Federalist candidate Federalist candidate (John Adams) (John Adams)

OR Democratic candidate OR Democratic candidate (Thomas Jefferson)(Thomas Jefferson)

• Use your notes on the Use your notes on the characteristicscharacteristics of each of each political party political party

John AdamsJohn Adams

Born in MassachusettsBorn in Massachusetts

Became a lawyerBecame a lawyer

Cousin to Samuel Cousin to Samuel AdamsAdams

Popularized argument Popularized argument “no taxation without “no taxation without representation”representation”

Young Adams

Birthplace of John Adams

Adams: Foreign PolicyAdams: Foreign Policy

Adams continued Adams continued neutrality—neutrality—stay out of stay out of war between Britain & war between Britain & FranceFrance However, now French However, now French

began attacking began attacking American ships trading American ships trading with Britain with Britain

Adams sent Adams sent diplomatsdiplomats to negotiate with French to negotiate with French

French (in distance) bearing downon damaged American ship

Adams: Adams: XYZ Affair XYZ Affair

The French foreign minister refused to see American The French foreign minister refused to see American diplomats diplomats

Instead the French minister sends three French agentsInstead the French minister sends three French agents They demand $250,000 bribe to let Americans see French They demand $250,000 bribe to let Americans see French

foreign ministerforeign minister

Americans went home, instead (very upset!)Americans went home, instead (very upset!)

Americans (at left) facing French bribe and demands, in US newspaper cartoon

Effect of XYZ AffairThe French agents became known as XYZ Americans were outraged!Huge public outcry: “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”

Token handed out during XYZ Affairhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw0KcA59_8s

Adams: Domestic Policy As a result of the XYZ Affair people become suspicious of foreigners.

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

1. Alien Act Authorized the president to deport any immigrant considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States.” 2. Sedition Actmade it a crime to publish any form of writing against the US government

Fight in Congress during debateover Sedition Act, 1798

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Claimed Alien and Sedition Acts violated the constitution. Should not be put into actionStates could nullify (legally overturn) federal laws that violated the constitution. The resolutions supported state rights

Powers of the federal gov. should be limited

https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushistoricalfigures/johnadams/

ActivitiesActivities

1.1. Complete the following margin questions Complete the following margin questions in your packet Lesson 3, question #4. in your packet Lesson 3, question #4.

2.2. Primary Source Activities Primary Source Activities #1, #2, #3 #1, #2, #3

Primary Source Activity #1: Primary Source Activity #1: 11stst Amendment Amendment

The First Amendment states: The First Amendment states:

Congress shall make no law respecting an Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.redress of grievances.

WriteWrite and and answeranswer the 3 questions the 3 questions

Primary Source Activity #2: Primary Source Activity #2: Sedition Act Sedition Act

The Sedition Act states: The Sedition Act states: That if any person shall write, print, utter or publish, That if any person shall write, print, utter or publish, or shall cause to be written, printed, uttered or or shall cause to be written, printed, uttered or published, or shall knowingly and willingly assist or published, or shall knowingly and willingly assist or aid in writing, printing, or publishing any false, aid in writing, printing, or publishing any false, scandalous and malicious writingscandalous and malicious writing or writings or writings against the government of the United states, or against the government of the United states, or either house of the Congress of the United States, either house of the Congress of the United States, or the President of the United States…or the President of the United States…

WriteWrite and and answeranswer the 3 questions the 3 questions

Primary Primary Source Source

Activity #3: Activity #3: Political Political Cartoon Cartoon

1. What is happening in the cartoon, and how are the politicians reacting?2. What does the cartoon suggest about politics of the era?

Congress meeting, 1798