The Graviton Equations

By Robert de Hilster

NPA Conference 2008

Albuquerque, NM

Wikipedia.com

Is gravity like other forces?

Because it does not depend on a particular space time background, general relativity is said to be background independent. In contrast the Standard Model (particle physics) is not background independent. In other words general relativity and the Standard Model are incompatible. A theory of quantum gravity is needed to reconcile these differences.

Quantum Versus Continuum

• Newton’s gravity equation and General Relativity describe a continuum

• Can a continuum generate force (? my own question)

• This research is to try and show the difference between a continuum and a quantum force of gravity

• The quantum is defined here as a graviton

Four Postulates

• The Graviton – A particle with mass and velocity coming from all directions

• Absorption Rate – Matter absorbs the graviton per unit distance

• Pushing Force – the graviton imparts a pushing force on matter when absorbed

• Absorption Constant (Abc) – Absorption rate is proportional to density, hence:

Ab(e) = Ab(c) * De

How the graviton causes gravity

Terms

• Np: The Number of paths, 64,800

• Ng: The number of gravitons per path, 1

• Ab(e): The absorption rate for the earth

• Z(e): The distance that the graviton travels through the earth

The Number of Gravitons Imposed on the Moon in one Plane

Include all PlanesThe Net Number of Gravitons

Imposed on the Moon

To Get the Force

• Zm: Distance the graviton travels through the moon

• Abm: The absorption rate of the moon

• Fg: The average force, in Newtons, that the graviton imposes on any object

The Force Imposedon the Moon

The Graviton Equation

The Absorption Constant

• The absorption rate is equal to the Absorption constant times the density of the object

• Abe = Abc * De

• Abm = Abc * Dm

• Abc must have units of m^2/Kg, if

(1-Ze*Abc*De) is to be dimensionless

The Graviton Equation with Density

Mathematical Calculations

• Using an arbitrary-length precision math package (C++) on a PC

• Using 150 decimal placesSumming values to zero were zeroSimilar areas gave identical values

• Graviton calculations have very large counts with very small values

• Calculations can take up to 3 days on a PC

Calculations

• Np = 64,800 = 180 * 360

• Abc = 1E-25 (arbitrary)

• Fg = 1(used as a scaling factor)

• What is the force on the Moon?

Force on the Moon

Force on the Moon Np*Ng = 64,800 Abc = 1E-25, Fg = -9.94E+59

0

1E+23

2E+23

3E+23

4E+23

5E+23

6E+23

7E+23

8E+23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

24 384 3,075Distance, Mega-meters

Fo

rce

, Ne

wto

ns

Newton

Graviton

Particle or Continuum

• As a particle, with mass and velocity it: – can impose a force on matter – can be absorbed– takes finite space

• As a continuum it– needs a mechanism to impose force

Gravitational Acceleration

• From a Physics Book• Altitude (m) g (m/sec^2)

0 9.80171500 9.800171000 9.798642000 9.795544000 9.789378000 9.7770216000 9.7523332000 9.70296

Curve for g, 8 Data Points

Gravitational Acceleration Np = 648K, Abc = 1E-25, Fg = -7.23E+35

9.60

9.65

9.70

9.75

9.80

9.85

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80 2K 32K

Distance, meters

g, m

/sec

^2

Graviton g

Newton g

g(Book)

Curve for g, 20 data points

Gravitational Acceleration Np = 648K, Abc = 1E-25, Fg = -7.23E+35

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

0 32K 128M Distance, meters

g, m

/se

c^

2

Graviton g

Newton g

g(Book)

How can the curves be so Similar?

• Similar Curves• Different Equations

Newton’s Third letter to Bentley

• That gravity should be innate, inherent and essential to matter, so that one body may act upon another at a distance through a vacuum, without the mediation of anything else, by and through which their action and force may be conveyed from one to another, is to me so great an absurdity, that I believe that no man who has in philosophical matters a competent faculty for thinking, can ever fall into it.