The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism

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The Great Depression and the Rise of TotalitarianismSection 1: The Postwar EraSection 2: Postwar Prosperity CrumblesSection 3: Political Tensions After World War ISection 4: Fascist DictatorshipsSection 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union

CHAPTER 28

Objectives:Explain how scientific theories affected thinking in

other areas of life.Identify ways in which writers, musicians, painters,

and architects experimented with new forms.Describe how popular culture and consumerism

affected societies.

Section 1:

The Postwar Era

SECTION 1

Question:What were some developments in science and art in the post World War I era?

The Postwar Era

The Effects of Scientific Events and IdeasA global epidemicScientific and social theories

Why had society been afraid of technology and science?

What outside factors held it back throughout history?

Section 1:

The Postwar Era

New Directions in LiteratureDissatisfaction with traditional ideas, disillusionmentExamination of unconscious motivationsSurrealismPoetry without rhyme with lines of varying lengths

How can we relate this to expressing ourselves today?

Section 1:

The Postwar Era

New Directions in Music, Painting, and ArchitectureMusic – Stravinsky, Schoenberg; radio gave rise

to jazzPainting – Picasso created cubism; Dali used

surrealismArchitecture – Sullivan used functionalism,

developed skyscraper; Frank Lloyd Wright influenced international style

Section 1:

The Postwar Era

Popular Culture and ConsumerismEntertainment – motion pictures, sportsConsumer culture – more luxury items purchased,

radio advertising, buying on credit, prohibition

How did these ideas change our current society?

Section 1:

The Postwar Era

SECTION 2

Question:What economic weaknesses led to the Great Depression?

Postwar Prosperity Crumbles

SECTION 1The Postwar Era

Science and Art in the Postwar Era

Causes Effect

Freudian psychology helped people understand the devastation of World War I

surrealism combined conscious and unconscious to portray life in a dreamlike way

functionalism buildings designed for particular use instead of following style

Objectives:Identify the weaknesses that appeared in the

global economy during the postwar era.Describe how nations initially responded to the

Great Depression.Explain how the New Deal marked a shift in the

U.S. government’s relationship with its citizens and the economy.

Section 2:

Signs of Economic TroublesFarmers – farmers struggled while industry

prosperedProtectionism – economic nationalismSpeculation and panic – risky investments in

stock market, Black Tuesday occurred when stock market crashed

What does a rumor do? Compare your answer to how they inspired the Great Depression.

Section 2:

The Great DepressionDestroyed surplusesTried economic nationalism

How is average citizen affected?

Section 2:

The New DealProgram of relief and reformSocial Security Act provided for unemployment

and old-age benefits

Section 2:

SECTION 2Postwar Prosperity Crumbles

panic selling of stocks

high stock pricesbuying stocks

run on the banks

stock market crash

bank closures

financial ruin for many

worldwide bank failures

defensive international trading practices

global depression

easy credit

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3

Question:What problems did the war cause in postwar France?

Political Tensions After World War I

Objectives:Describe the difficulties that France faced during

the postwar years.Explain how the British government dealt with its

domestic problems.Identify the problems that weakened eastern

European governments.

Section 3:

France’s Postwar DifficultiesThe economy – government and individuals were

in debtInternational affairs – Locarno Pact pledged that

countries would peacefully settle all future disputesPolitical unrest – strikes in various industries;

Popular Front came to power, then fell; extremist actions

Section 3:

Great Britain After World War ILabor troubles – outdated industry, unemploymentIreland - bloody revolt against Great Britain; Irish

Republican Army fought for independence

Section 3:

Eastern EuropeWeak economiesConflicts between socialists and conservativesNew boundaries caused unrest

Section 3:

SECTION 3Political Tensions After World War I

physical destruction

war debt

defense costs

France:World War I

SECTION 4

Question:Why did people embrace totalitarianism?

Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Objectives:Describe how Benito Mussolini transformed Italy

into a fascist state.Explain why the Weimar Republic failed.Trace how Adolf Hitler became an important

figure in Germany.Describe how the Nazis used power in Germany.

Section 4:

Fascist Dictatorships

The Rise of Fascism in ItalyFascist doctrine – dictatorship and totalitarianism,

opposed communism and democracyMussolini’s rise to power – appointed Fascists to

all official positions in center governmentThe corporatist state – major economic activities

were organized similar to corporations

Section 4:

The Weimar RepublicTreaty of Versailles was humiliating, opposed

Germany’s interestsHigh unemployment, soaring inflation

Section 4:

The Nazis and HitlerNazi Party was extremely nationalistic, anti-

Semitic, and anticommunistHitler wrote Mein Kampf, which planned for racial

purity, promised to repeal Treaty of Versailles

Section 4:

The Nazis in PowerCreated anticommunist hysteria

Section 4:

SECTION 5

Question:What were some of the problems faced by the new Soviet Union?

Dictatorship in the SovietUnion

Objectives:Identify the terms of the New Economic Policy.Describe how Stalin shaped the Soviet economy.Explain why Stalin imprisoned and executed

millions of Soviet people.

Section 5:

Dictatorship in the Soviet Union

Russia Under LeninNew Economic Policy – nationalized industries,

collectivized armsWomen’s roles – gave women more rightsEducation was priority

Section 5:

The Five-Year PlanAmbitious agricultural, industrial, and social goals

to create a modern, industrialized societyCaused hardships for Soviet people, were forced

to comply

Section 5:

Stalin’s DictatorshipGovernment under Stalin – purge of disloyal party

members, extended to general populationForeign policy – wanted rest of world to accept

Soviet Union, but tried to spread Communist revolution

Section 5:

SECTION 5Dictatorship in the SovietUnion

Problems of the New Soviet Union

Problem Results

near economic collapse in 1921

moderately successful

agriculture failed: famine resulted

power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin

Stalin emerged as victor

Attempted Solution

no increase in consumer goods or food

industry continued growing, but the people starved

little economic growth succeeded in reviving industry somewhat

Lenin’s New Economic Policy allowed some free enterprise

collective farms

savage and brutal competition

second Five-Year Plan

Stalin’s first Five-Year Plan

Chapter Wrap-UpCHAPTER 28

1. Why did western European nations and the United States fail to respond to Germany’s violations of the Treaty of Versailles?

2. How did Hitler use Germany’s democratic system to gain control over the country?

3. How did the work of Freud and Einstein influence culture during the 1920s?

The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism

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