The Great War: World War IThe Great War: World War I(1914-1918)(1914-1918)

4.1 The factors that lead the 4.1 The factors that lead the United States to join WWIUnited States to join WWI

(1917-1919)(1917-1919)

Factors that led to WWIFactors that led to WWI

NationalismNationalism– Increase in national prideIncrease in national pride– Increase in desired independenceIncrease in desired independence

ImperialismImperialism– European nations colonizingEuropean nations colonizing

MilitarismMilitarism– Increase in military power (needed to acquire Increase in military power (needed to acquire

and protect colonies)and protect colonies)

Entangled AlliancesEntangled Alliances– Needed for protectionNeeded for protection

What sparks the war?What sparks the war?

Assassination of Archduke Franz Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian throne)Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian throne)

AssassinationAssassinationJune 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the throne) and his wife were assassinated in to the throne) and his wife were assassinated in SarajevoSarajevo

Plot by Black Hand (secret Serbian nationalist Plot by Black Hand (secret Serbian nationalist group)group)

Gavirlo Princip (19 yrs old and1of 6)Gavirlo Princip (19 yrs old and1of 6)

July 23: Austria-Hungary (with Germany’s July 23: Austria-Hungary (with Germany’s support) gave Serbia a list of demandssupport) gave Serbia a list of demands

Serbia refuses to agree to them all, knowing that Serbia refuses to agree to them all, knowing that Russia will support them if there is warRussia will support them if there is war

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia July Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia July 28th28th

Alliances pull Europe in…Alliances pull Europe in…

July 28July 28thth, 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war , 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war against Serbiaagainst SerbiaSerbia is aligned with RussiaSerbia is aligned with RussiaRussia is aligned with FranceRussia is aligned with FranceFrance is aligned with Great BritainFrance is aligned with Great BritainAustria-Hungary is aligned with GermanyAustria-Hungary is aligned with GermanyGermany declares war on RussiaGermany declares war on RussiaGermany declares war on FranceGermany declares war on FranceGreat Britain declares war on Germany and Great Britain declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary…Austria-Hungary…

European AlliancesEuropean Alliances

How the war was fought…How the war was fought…

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare“The bottom of the trench

was springy like a mattress because of all the bodies underneath.

At night, when the stench was worse, we tied [material] round our

mouths and noses….The flies entered the trenches

at night and lined them completely with a density

which was like moving cloth.”

How the war was fought…How the war was fought…

““No Man’s Land”No Man’s Land”

The United States declares The United States declares “neutrality”“neutrality”

Wilson keeps us out of Wilson keeps us out of war (at first)…war (at first)…

But the U.S. made loans But the U.S. made loans to allied powersto allied powers

And German u-boats And German u-boats were threatening U.S. were threatening U.S. shippingshipping

Two distinct reasons to go to war:Two distinct reasons to go to war:

Germany was using unrestricted Germany was using unrestricted submarine warfare on US shipssubmarine warfare on US ships– Threatens shippingThreatens shipping

Two distinct reasons to go to war:Two distinct reasons to go to war:Germany was using unrestricted Germany was using unrestricted submarine warfare on US shipssubmarine warfare on US ships– Sinking of the Sinking of the LusitaniaLusitania

Germany tries to get Mexico to align with Germany tries to get Mexico to align with them and attack the United States-the them and attack the United States-the Zimmerman NoteZimmerman Note– U.S. intelligence intercepts the messageU.S. intelligence intercepts the message

Two distinct reasons to go to war:Two distinct reasons to go to war:

What Americans bring to the WarWhat Americans bring to the War

A lot of soldiersA lot of soldiers– U.S. initiates the draft-The U.S. initiates the draft-The

“Selective Service Act”“Selective Service Act”– About 2 million soldiersAbout 2 million soldiers– Tens of thousands of women Tens of thousands of women

volunteer for war services volunteer for war services (nurses, secretaries, phone (nurses, secretaries, phone operators, etc.)operators, etc.)

– 20% of men in service were 20% of men in service were African-American (military African-American (military was segregated)was segregated)

Freshness and enthusiasmFreshness and enthusiasm

What Americans bring to the WarWhat Americans bring to the War

“Allied”

Aircraft

British Tank

German Airship

Allied Airplane

The convoy system the US and Great Britain used to assure goods would make it to Great Britain.

Flamethrowers

Victim of Mustard Gas

Launched Torpedoes