Post on 25-Dec-2015
transcript
The Growth of Nationalism, 1815-1840
Libertyville HS
1815: New Leaders Emerging• Speaker of the House
Henry Clay• KY, represents the W
• John Calhoun• SC, represents the S
• Daniel Webster• MA, represents the NE
Clay’s “American System”• Create “a self sufficient
national economy”• Goals – prevent disunion,
strengthen national gov’t• Avoid foreign (British)
“dumping”
• Methods• Protective tariff (NE)• National bank (NE)• High land prices (Fed)• Build roads & canals (W,
S)
The American System• Protective Tariff of 1816
• 20-25% increase on all imported goods
• Purpose: buy American!
• The Second Bank of the United States (BUS) – created in 1816• Private bank• Paid $1.5 million to gov’t for
special license (charter)• Gov’t deposited its money
with BUS• BUS promoted single
currency
The American System• Transportation
• National (Cumberland) Road begun in 1811 at federal expense
• Canals• Bonus Bill
• Calhoun: create road to link the S & W to the E, from charter $ (“Bonus”)
• New E. feared it would drain population, create competing states in LA
• Calhoun argued its constitutional under general welfare, post road clauses
• Vetoed by Madison under strict interp of Constitution
CumberlandRoad, 1811-1838
Supreme Court and Nationalism
• Chief Justice John Marshall• Marbury v. Madison (1803)• Dartmouth v. Woodward
(1819)• MD wanted to turn private U.
into a public U, breaking K from decades ago
• SC: Federal law protects contracts
• “Magna Carta of the Corporation”
Daniel Webster arguing Dartmouth case
USSC and Nationalism• McCulloch v. Maryland
(1819)• MD taxed 2d BUS• Question: state tax feds?• SC: BUS is legal• Federal law is supreme over
states• “Power to tax is the power to
destroy”
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)• Steamboat coastal ferries • Only the Fed gov’t may
regulate interstate commerce (NY invalid)McCulloch text, in 1819
Minute book
Nationalism & Foreign Affairs
• Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819• Spain gives FL to US • US-Spanish border set• US assumes $5 million
in debt• Spain gives up claims to
Oregon• US gives up claims to
TX, W of river• Irony? (Think MO
Compromise …)
Nationalism & Foreign Policy
• Monroe Doctrine emerges, 1823• Latin American
revolutions, 1815-1820s
• Spain was losing its overseas empire!
• What did the powers of Europe do?!
What does this cartoon represent?(discuss with neighbor to L / frnt)
Monroe Doctrine Emerges
• “Holy Alliance”• Austria, Russia,
Prussia• Anti-democratic, anti
revolution, anti-secular; pro- monarchy
• Rumors of possible attack by HA on Americas, to restore Spain
Monroe Doctrine Emerges
• European nations with involvement in Western Hemisphere, 1800s• Spain
• Mexico, Central America, W. South America
• Great Britain• Canada, Caribbean, N. coast
of South America
• Russia• Occupied Alaska, W coast of
Canada• Pushing S toward CA
Monroe Doctrine Emerges
• Holy Alliance invited UK to join, 1822
• UK (PM Canning): rejection!• UK was pro democracy• UK was pro free trade
w/ Latin America
Monroe Doctrine Emerges
• PM Canning invited US into alliance against Holy Alliance• SoS JQ Adams to
Monroe: remember GW’s advice (what was it?)
• Already fought two wars vs. British…
• Equality of alliance?
PM Canning
J.Q. Adams Monroe
Monroe Doctrine• Monroe laid out doctrine
• W. Hemisphere was closed to further colonization
• No US interference in existing colonies
• No US interference in European affairs
• No European interference “dangerous to US peace & safety”
• True enforcer of Doctrine = British navy