The History The History ofof

Healthcare HealthcareIntro HST

Chapter One Section One

Diversified Health Occupations

Objectives• Differentiate between early beliefs about the cause

of disease and treatment and current beliefs about disease and treatment

• Identify at least 10 major events in the history of health care

• Name at least 6 historical individuals and explain how each has help to improve health care today

• Create a timeline showing what you believe are the 20 most important discoveries in health care and explain why you believe they are important

Introduction

• You have an infected sore and the doctor used leeches to treat the infection?

– Is this an ancient or modern treatment?

– Does it work?

Introduction• Why is it important to understand the

history of health care?

• Some of the treatment methods in use today were also used in ancient times

– Before drugstores, people used many herbs and plants as food and medicine

– Many of these herbs are still in use today

– Common example is a medication called morphine made from a poppy plant and used to treat pain

Ancient TimesAncient Times•Prevention of

injury from predators

•Illness/disease caused by supernatural spirits

Ancient Times

• Religion = IMPORTANT

• Exploration of Human Body

Check For Understanding . . .

• What did people of the ancient times believe in ?

• Explain the importance of religion

• Describe how the exploration of body was limited.

Ancient Ancient EgyptiansEgyptians

• Earliest to keep accurate health records

• Superstitious

• Called upon gods

• Identified certain diseases

• Pharaohs kept many specialists

EgyptiansEgyptians• Priests were the

doctors

– Temples were places of worship, medical schools, and hospitals.

– Only the priests could read the medical knowledge from the god, Thoth.

EgyptiansEgyptians• Magicians were also

healers.

• Believed demons caused disease.

• Prescriptions were written

on papyrus.

EgyptiansEgyptians• Embalming

– Done by special priests • NOT the doctor priests

– Advanced the knowledge of anatomy

– Strong antiseptics used to prevent decay

– Gauze similar to today’s surgical gauze

Egyptians Egyptians • Research on mummies has

revealed the existence of diseases:–Arthritis–Kidney stones–Arteriosclerosis

EgyptiansEgyptians • Some medical practices still

used today– Enemas– Circumcision (4000 BC) preceded

marriage– Closing wounds– Setting fractures

EgyptiansEgyptians • Eye of Horus

– 5000 years ago

– Magic eye

– Amulet to guard against disease, suffering, and evil

– Evolved into modern day Rx sign

Check for Understanding . . . 1. Who was the earliest to keep records?

2. What was believed to cause disease?

3. Identify the diseases revealed from mummies during research.

4. Describe three medical practices still used today.

Ancient Chinese

• Believing in curing the spirit

Jewish MedicineJewish Medicine• Avoided medical practice

• Concentrated on health rules concerning food, cleanliness, and quarantine

Jewish Medicine

• Moses

– pre-Hippocratic medical practice

– Banned quackery • God was the only

physician

– Enforced Day of Rest

Greek MedicineGreek Medicine• First to study causes of

diseases

• Research helped eliminate superstitions.

• Diet and Clean practices were associated with the spread of disease.

Greek MedicineGreek Medicine• Hippocrates

– No dissection, only observations

– Took careful notes of signs/symptoms of diseases

– – Disease was not caused by

supernatural forces.

– Father of Medicine• Wrote standards of ethics; the

basis for today’s medical ethics

Greek MedicineGreek Medicine• Aesculapius

– Staff and serpent symbol of medicine

– Temples built in his honor because the first true clinics and hospitals

Check for Understanding . . .

1. Describe the Ancient Chinese Beliefs.

2. Identify the person who banned quackery, believing that only God was the physician

3. Explain the Greek beliefs of the spread of disease

4. Discuss the importance of Hippocrates

Roman MedicineRoman Medicine• Connections for disease

to health

• Began development of sanitary systems

• Established first hospitals

Review of Ancient Times

• Many changes occurred in health care but treatment was still limited

• Diseases killed many individuals

• Average life span= 20-35 yrs

Dark Ages (400-800 ad)

• Study of Medicine STOPPED

• Filthy World

• Epidemics rampant

• Prayer to treat illness

Middle Ages (800-1400 ad)

• Renewed Medical Interest

• Record of Knowledge in Books

• Medical Universities Created

• MUST pass examinations

Middle Ages (800-1400 A.D.)Middle Ages (800-1400 A.D.)

• MAJOR EPIDEMIC killed 75% of population

• Average life span of 20-35 years was reduced

Renaissance MedicineRenaissance Medicine (1350-1650 A.D.) (1350-1650 A.D.)

• “Rebirth” of science of medicine

• Human Dissection

• Publication of medical books

• Increased Life Span

Check For Understanding . . . 1. During the Dark Ages, what was stressed in

order to treat illness?

2. Compare the Middle Ages to Current Time. Explain the importance of this era.

3. Describe the importance of the publication of medical books during the Renaissance.

16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries• Physicians Smarter

• Microscope Developed

• Drugstore/Pharmacy Started

• Small Pox Vaccine

• Average life span = 40-50 years old

• Oxygen Discovered

19th Century• Industrial Revolution

• Medical Science Progression

• Stethoscope Invented

• Nurse Formal Training

• Infection Control Concept

• More Involved Women

• Life Span= 40-65 years old

20th Century• Most Rapid Growth

• Xrays Used

• Medicines for Diseases

• Major Understanding of Human Body

• Care Plans Created

• Standards Established

• First Open Heart Surgery

• Computer Technology

• Life Span= 60-80 years

21st Century

• Potential Unlimited

• Completion of Human Genome Project

• Major Threats to Healthcare

• Positive Points

Check For Understanding . . .

1. Identify three events of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.

2. Discuss the founder of nursing. Explain the formal training of nurses.

3. Describe the importance of care plans, identified in the 20th century.

Apply What You Know . . .

1. When did most of the significant changes in health care occur?

2. Why were the greatest advances made in this time period?

3. What are some possibilities for the future of health care?

Activity:

• Create a timeline beginning with the Ancient Times and ending with the 21st century.

– Identify what you believe are the 20 most

important discoveries in healthcare.

– Explain why you believe each are important