The hypsigraphic curve

The submersible Alvin

Echo sounding Seismic Profiling

As they cool down through the Curie point,

The Formation of Magnetic Stripes

The Ocean Floor Sinks as it gets older

The rift valley of a spreading center has a horst and graen structure

Structure of the sea floor

Transform faults offsett segments of the mid-oceanic ridge

Abyssal Hills

Pelagic sediment becomes thicker with increasing distance from the mid-oceanic ridge

Evolution of a rift ocean

A passive Continental margin

An active Continental Margin

Formation of an Island Arc

An Andesitic Volcano on an Island Arc

Volcanic island vs. Guyot

Formation of an Atoll

Spreading Rates vs Ridge Volume