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transcript
© 2014 by DB Sediments
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference
Bonn, Germany, 19.05.2014
Dr. Dietrich Bartelt, DB Sediments, Germany
The Impact of Using Water
Why is Continuous Sediment Transfer in Reservoirs
and Rivers so important for
Sustainability in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus?
© 2014 by DB Sediments
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2 GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
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Global Water Storage Capacity Increasing Loss
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1000
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7000
Ye
ar
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Net Storage Capacity Storage Capacity Lost Capacity (Sedimentation/Siltation)
Glo
ba
l Sto
rag
e C
ap
ac
ity
[B
illio
n m
³]
Source: Based on data from Jenzer and Cesare (2005) and GWSP Digital Water Atlas (2008)
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
© 2014 by DB Sediments
Global Risk Perception Survey Environmental Risks are most likely and have highest impact
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014 4
Environmental Risks
• Extreme weather events
• Natural catastrophes • Man-made
environmental
catastrophes
• Biodiversity loss and
ecosystem collapse • Water crises
• Climate change
Source: World Economic Forum; Global Risks Perception Survey 2013-2014; www.weforum.org/risks.
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Sediment – Mismanagement Increasing Flood Risk – Pakistan, Strong Monsoon, August 2010
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014 5
Source: AG Friedensforschung; http://www.ag-friedensforschung.de
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There is more than water that “flows” in a river The reduction of velocity causes sedimentation and siltation
The Use of Water Impact to the Ecosystem
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
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The Two Sides of Sedimentation Sediment Surplus upstream / Sediment Deficit downstream
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Problems without Sediment Example: Sediment deficit River Rhine
Source: Alpreserve *, Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (Koblenz), Hülskens Wasserbau (Wesel) WSA DU, http://www.wsv.de/ftp/presse/2012/00191_2012.pdf
Locks Iffezheim:
about 400.000 t/a
artificial adding of
Sediments
Sedimentdeficit
D/NL-boarder:
about 2.500.000 t/a
about 230.000 t/a
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
Adding Sediments is expensive
2012: WSA Duisburg 24 Mio. €
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Wave Dynamics Qualitative Change with/without Sediment Transport
9 GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
Wave with Sediment
Wave without Sediment
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A river is an Eco-system Sediments are an integral part of this system
Source: Global Water System Project www.gwsp.org
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
© 2014 by DB Sediments GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
Source: Google Maps (2011)
Sediment Deficit Coast Erosion (e.g. Egypt,…)
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Mississippi River System Decoupling of water and sediment flows
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014 12
Quelle: Meade, R. H. (2010). Sediment Transport and Deposition in Rivers: The Case for Non-Stationarity. In World Bank Group (Ed.): World Bank Document, A REVIEW OF SELECTED HYDROLOGY TOPICS TO SUPPORT BANK OPERATIONS. Papers from the Workshop (pp. 69-76, Annex)., National Geographics, May 2014
© 2014 by DB Sediments
Sediment Mismanagement Death Threat to the Delta (eg Mississippi)
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014 13
Quelle: Don Swenson (2012) The Rise and Disappearance of Southeast Louisiana. http://www.nola.com/speced/lastchance/multimedia/flashlandloss1.swf
©
New Orleans
1930 2010
©
1930
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ConSedTrans – Method System Sensitive Solution - Continuous Transfer of Sediments
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014 14
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RWE Innogy GmbH Continuous Sediment Management in Olsberg, Germany
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automated vessel size 1
Suitable equipment System Sensitive Solution
manual small dredge vessel Larger/other/additional and
customized equipment
upon request:
- electric or diesel driven
- dredging depth up more than 200 m
- unlimited capacity and/or sediment transfer range
dredge vessel size 2
- diesel driven - depth up to 15 m
- electric driven - depth up to 8 m
- electric driven - depth up to 40 m
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
© 2014 by DB Sediments
Risk Analysis Existing and Projected Dams
Assessment of the original storage volume
- by processing of the original layout of the reservoir
Determination of
- the lost, silted or sedimented
volume of the reservoir,
- the silting rate of the dam,
and
- the estimation of the probable dam life,
under consideration of the necessary operational range of the
reservoir.
Furthermore, an analysis will comprise
- possible consequences, like the blockage of the bottom outlet of
the dams by sliding sediments and
- risk of flooding caused by the reduction of the retention volume of
the reservoir. 17 GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
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Roseau Reservoir St. Lucia Risk Analysis / Rehabilitation Dam/Reservoir
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014 18
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Nurek Dam, Tajikistan Site, Sedimenttransport
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014 19
© 2014 by DB Sediments
The new process spends multiple benefit
• Positive environmental effects:
• The process restores (and improves) natural river morphology.
• Sediment “in Flow”.
• It is environmentally and fish friendly.
• Keep quality and level of groundwater.
• Biodiversity in the river and in the coastal areas of the oceans.
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
© 2014 by DB Sediments
The new process spends multiple benefit.
• Positive operational and economical effects:
• The reservoir can be used completely again.
• avoid enormous dump costs and/or
• avoid generation losses.
• Reduction of flood risk
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
© 2014 by DB Sediments
Final Remarks
• Dramatic developing decrease of global storage capacity for water
• The River is an Ecosystem - Sediments are an important part of the system
• There is an urgent need for a holistic sediment management in rivers and reservoirs
• Proper Flood Management needs Proper Sediment Management
• The impact of using water can be compensated by continuous sediment transport
• There is no economic solution without an ecological solution
• The ConSedTrans- Method can contribute to handle the risk of sedimentation and siltation, flooding, soil and coast erosion, and saltation of groundwater
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
© 2014 by DB Sediments
“If you cut the transport of sediment in a river – you kill life in the river, as well as in the delta area
of the river in the ocean”.
Juan Pablo Orrego Silva, Alternative Nobel Prize Winner, Bonn, Germany, 15.11.2011
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GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
© 2014 by DB Sediments
Basics Solids/Sediment intrusion into water bodies
Source : Alpreserve, Wilhelm Bechteler: Sedimentationsquellen und Transportprozesse
Major influence factors:
rock/ground type
precipitation level and intensity
vegetation type and condition
surface slope
ungrazed bush, forest
grasslands, meadows
sorghum
bald fallow land
explanation:
land loss by erosion in tons per ha (hectare)
surface flow in % of precipitation
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Basics Hjulström-Diagram
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Grainsize in mm
Flo
wsp
ee
d in
cm
/s
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The Two Sides of Sediment Within the Reservoir: Sediment Surplus
Sediment accumulation in reservoirs leads to:
reduced flood protection
reduced storage capacity for hydro power peaking/seasonal storage
reduced storage for irrigation / drinking water supply
reduced biodiversity inside the reservoir (and i.e. higher temperatures, less oxygen)
WCD / ICOLD state that sedimentation in reservoirs exceeds the actual new build of reservoirs.
Every year almost 1 % of worldwide storage volume is lost.
20 % of all reservoirs will be inoperable by 2050.
sediment management is an urgent issue
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
Picture: Süddeutsche Zeitung 06.06.2014, http://tinyurl.com/kdme64h
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The Two Sides of Sediment Downstream: Sediment Deficit
Replacement of missing sediment is costly (e.g. Colorado, Rhine)
Missing sediment/changed morphology downstream of reservoirs cause:
... riverbed and bank erosion
... foundation failure of civil hydro structures
… agricultural substrate deficit
… change of aquatic ecosystem
... methane emissions from impounded rivers
… re-infiltration of saltwater into groundwater at river delta/coastline
… coastline erosion
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
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Present solutions Attempts that cause negative effects
1. Reservoir flushing by opening the base outlet
applicable when sedimentation reaches the dam
effective only for area near to outlet
loss of tremendous amounts of water and power production
strong negative ecological effects downstream
2. Manual dredging
usually plant offline for some months
enormous dump cost
reservoirs benthos structure destroyed
further erosion downstream
3. Dredging campaign with disposal downstream
requires large amounts of propulsion water
destroys benthos structure up- and downstream
short term sediment surplus downstream
GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
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Flushing of a Reservoir Langmannsperre, Austria, 2008-2009
30 GWSP WEF Nexus Conference, Bonn, 19.-20.05.2014
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Roseau Reservoir, St. Lucia Function and Purpose
John Compton Dam is a
concrete faced rockfill dam
Built in 1995; H=40 m
Drinking Water Supply,
Flood Protection
Storage Capacity
3.0 Mio m³ (2014 over 1.0
Mio. m³ lost through
sedimentation/siltation)
„Mono-Use“ due to missing regulation
besides drinking water
pumps)
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Risk Analysis Bathymetric Survey – Water Depth
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Risk Analysis Bathymetric Survey - Sediment Thickness (2005 - 2014)
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Risk Analysis Sediment Volume - Allocation per Section (50 m each)
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ConSedTrans Method Remote Controlled Dredgers
Winches for mooring an
positioning
Safer because no humans are needed onto the barge
Pump capacity up to 250-450 m³/h - High solid content
Discharge distance up to 600m
Working depth up to 35m
Power 100 HP
Delivery pipe diameter 200 mm (8”)
Solids passage 60 mm
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