THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS

transcript

20th Century Med. Man Video (30 min)Walk on Campus to identify (sheet in binder)

1.flowers,cones, ferns and mosses 2. flower parts 3.common trees and plants (locust, oak, pear, hemlock, dandelion, violet, grass, poison ivy, dogwood, pine, black cherry)

Info on seeds was covered forquarter long project Flower parts were covered when we did genetics

MOSS- non-vascular, reproduce with spores

FERN vascular, reproduce with spores

CONIFERS vascular,

reproduce with pollen and seed in

FLOWERING PLANTS

Vocabulary • Cereal

• Legumes

• root crops

• fruit

• grain

• vegetative part

root hairs,

root cap,

herbaceous plant,

vascular bundle transpiration

Read (570-579, 534-541)

FLOWER ANATOMY

POLLEN

Apple seeds

CASHEW Fruit and seed

The importance of plants

• A.

• 275,000 to 400,000 – SPECIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS

• 3,000 USED FOR HUMAN FOOD

• 200 DOMESTICATED

• 12 MAIN FOODS

DOMESTICATION

• - REQUIRE HUMAN INTERVENTION TO MAINTAIN CURRENT FORM

Activity!

• Name the major food crop plants that are harvest.

• This is based on amount harvested

1. 7. 13.

2. 8. 14.

3 9. 15.

4. 10. 16.

5. 11. 17.

6. 12.

list is by weight harvested

1. SUGAR CANE* 7. BARLEY* 13. GRAPE2. WHEAT* 8. MANIOC 14. TOMATO3. CORN* 9. SWEET POTATO 15. OAT*4. RICE* 10. SOY BEAN 16. ORANGE5. POTATO 11. SORGHUM* 17. APPLE6. SUGAR BEET 12. BANANA

list is by weight harvested

* MAJOR plant family Grass family

What do all the * have in common?

SUGAR CANE

BARLEY

SORGHUM

POTATO

SUGAR BEET

manioc

SWEET POTATO

BANANA

C. HUMAN EXISTENCE• 200,000 TO 100,000 may have been

humans in an early form H. sapiens var. sapiens and H. sapiens var. neaderthalensis

• 25,000 to 35,000 years ago substantial archeological and fossil evidence of H. sapiens (us)

EARLY HUMAN LIFESTYLE?• Hunter/gatherer

• Man herd food season

• Change in human behavior approximately 9,000 years ago

• Domestication/agriculture develops simultaneously in several places in the world

GOOD EVIDENCE OF FARMING

• 7,000 B.C. Fertile Crescent, Near East Wheat , Barley

• " Thailand bean and pea• 5,000 Asia rice• 7,000-5,000 Mexico near Texas

gourds, chili, beans• 5,000 Mexico City squash,

beans, avacado, Maize

Current foods in an area reflect heritage

D. NOTES ON 20TH CENTURY MED MAN. (video in library)

• Botany• Ethnobotany• Dr. Mark Plotkin (Harvard)• Jaguar Shaman• Rainforest Destruction and Old age of Shaman• 25% of modern meds have their origin in plants• examples poppy (opium, morphine)

periwinkle (vincristine) willow (aspirin)

PLANT ANATOMYPart II of PlantsRead 569-582

I. GROSS ANATOMY

• ROOTS (functions?)– Anchor– absorb water and

nutrients– asexual reproduction

(ex. Raspberry)– storage ex. Yam,

carrot , beet

LEAVES– Photosynthesis

– Enzymes, sunlight, chlorophyll– Transpiration – release of water through

the leaf surface. The plant is like a straw. Roots have the opening and the leaves have the exit

– asexual reproduction ex. African violet Kalanchoe

– storage ex. Cabbage, onion, lettuce

STEMsupport the leaves and

flowers

asexual reproduction ex. Potato, strawberry

storage ex. Potato, broccoli, cauliflower , asparagus

II. CELLULAR ANATOMY

• transport

• xylem

• phloem

• Active Cell division

• absorption

• Water up

• Sugars down

• Meristem

• Root tip

• support- wood• dating activity with

growth rings

How old is this stem?

12 years old

cell division Adding to length at root and stem tips by apical meristem

cell division

Adding to the width of stem

-lateral meristemVascular bundleLooks vaguely like

an ice cream cone

Photosynthesis

• leaf anatomy- stomata

• from work sheet• chromatography- pigments

• chlorophyll

• carotene

• xanthophylls

Photosynthesis

1. Leaf Anatomy – stomata and guard cells (from worksheet)

2. Chromatography- pigment mixtures are separated and analyzed

• Chlorophyll – green pigment

• Carotene – orange pigment

• XanthophyllsXanthophylls – yellow pigment

III. PLANT RESPONSES (tropisms)

• Controlled by hormones that stimulate specific cells to grow

• Thigmotropism – response to touch (vines, venus fly traps)

• Phototropism – response to light (seedlings)

• Gravitropism – up and down growth• Chemotropism – response to a chemical

stimulus (ex. fertilizer)

Thigmotropism

• The turning or bending response of an organism upon direct contact with a solid surface or object.

Phototropism

Gravitropism

Chemotropism

Legumes

• Simple dry fruit

• Common name for fruit is a pod

• Peas, beans, lentils, and peanuts

• High in protein

Quiz on plants MONDAY

• Video Med Man, • Human uses of plants, Text • Notes, • Vocab • LABS Tree Ring, Chromotography,

Campus Walk and Plant identification, • Cross word• Plant anatomy

4th Quarter NOTEBOOK CONTENTS

• Cover Sheet • Assignment Sheet• Grade Sheet

• Vocabulary (96 - 133)• Notes

• Daily Work– Pg 149 Theory of Evol WS– Pg 157 Theory of Evol WS– History of Life WS– Pg 161 Evolution WS– Plant Puzzle– Virus Paragraph (living or

nonliving)

• Labs– Amino Acid Lab– Viral Lab– Plant Walk– Dendrochronology

THIS IS 10% OF YOURQUARTER GRADE!!!

Notebook check WEDNESDAY….

Here’s another option…

Plant Test Topics• Video Med. Man• Human Uses of plants, Text• Notes – gross anatomy, cell anatomy, list of food

crops and numbers of species of plants, photosynthesis

• Vocab• Labs – chromotography, campus walk, plant

identification• Crossword with stuff on back• Plant anatomy

Plant Jeopardy – Easy questions

1. Products of photosynthesis? 2. This transports water in a plant - _______3. Define ethnobotany.4. What is causing loss of knowledge in

rainforest ecosystems?5. Release of water through leaf surface is

called ________.6. Square stem…strong smell = ________7. Trees can either be flower producing or

_____ producing.

Plant Jeopardy – Easy questions1. Products of photosynthesis? Sugar and O2

2. This transports water in a plant – xylem3. Define ethnobotany. Study of how plants are used

in a community4. What is causing loss of knowledge in rainforest

ecosystems? Old age of Shaman and forest destruction

5. Release of water through leaf surface is called _transpiration_______.

6. Square stem…strong smell = _Mints_7. Trees can either be flower producing or _cone___

producing.

Medium Level

1. What does chromotography do?2. What is the stomata of a leaf?3. What controls the stomata?4. Functions of the roots?5. Name two things that we eat that are

roots….stems….and leaves.6. Where does cell division occur in plants?7. What plants are cultivated in Mexico?8. Contrast phloem and xylem cells.9. Contrast wind vs. insect pollinated flowers.

Medium Level1. What does chromotography do? Separates

pigments by mass2. What is the stomata of a leaf? Pore to release

water3. What controls the stomata? Guard cells4. Functions of the roots? Anchor, food storage,

asexual reproduction, absorb water and nuts.5. Name two things that we eat that are

roots….stems….and leaves. Carrot, beet, turnip asparagus, broccoli,

cauliflower, potato cabbage, lettuce, onion

Medium Level6. Where does cell division occur in plants? Apical meristem and lateral meristem7. What plants are cultivated in Mexico? Maize, chilis, gourds, beans, avocado8. Contrast xylem and phloemcells. Carries water up the plant, carries sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant 9. Contrast wind vs. insect pollinated flowers. Small, dull with no scent, larger, showy and fragrant

Difficult Questions…

1. What was the evidence of farming 7000-5000 BC?

2. What does domestication mean?3. What do tree rings tell us?4. What are the functions of the leaf?5. Give the basic chemical reaction of

photosynthesis.6. The fruit of a maple tree is called a ___.7. Name three grains that are on the list of top

food crops harvested by weight.

Difficult Questions…1. What was the evidence of farming 7000-5000

BC? Permanent shelters and cultivated fields2. What does domestication mean? Plant or

animal requires human involvement to maintain its current form

3. What do tree rings tell us? Past weather conditions, Age

4. What are the functions of the leaf? Photosynthesis, asexual reproduction, food storage

Difficult Questions…

1. Give the basic chemical reaction of

photosynthesis. CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

2. The fruit of a maple tree is called a samara___.

3. Name three grains that are on the list of top food crops harvested by weight. Maize, rice, wheat, sugar cane

TEST QUESTIONS

#3. Fill In

THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS

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