THE LEARNING PROCESSTHE LEARNING PROCESS

LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWSLEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS

SkinnerSkinner – – Previous Previous behaviour behaviour required required to form to form new thinking, new thinking, feelings and skillsfeelings and skills

LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWSLEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS

Cole & BruceCole & Bruce – Continuous – Continuous interaction interaction with with environment is environment is requiredrequired

LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWSLEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS

Crow and Crow and Crow – Crow – Required Required active active processprocess

LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWSLEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS

SmithSmith – – Strengthening Strengthening or or weakening weakening results due to results due to experiencesexperiences

LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWSLEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS

Wany – Wany – Acquiring Acquiring change change requires requires experienceexperience

LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWSLEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS

WoodworthWoodworth – Activity – Activity brings brings alterationalteration

LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWSLEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS

Kingsley & Kingsley & GarryGarry – – Practice Practice produces produces behaviourbehaviour

LEARNING – GENERAL LEARNING – GENERAL EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION

Implies changes in:Implies changes in:ResponsesResponsesReactionsReactionsThoughtsThoughtsConductsConductsSkillsSkillsValuesValues

LEARNING – GENERAL LEARNING – GENERAL EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION

Dynamic – Dynamic – (newness/(newness/novelty)novelty)

LEARNING – GENERAL LEARNING – GENERAL EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION

Progressive – Progressive – (forward (forward heading with heading with

added added effects)effects)

LEARNING – GENERAL LEARNING – GENERAL EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION

Purposive – Purposive – (purposeful)(purposeful)

LEARNING – GENERAL LEARNING – GENERAL EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION

Gradual – Gradual – (systematic)(systematic)

LEARNING – GENERAL LEARNING – GENERAL EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION

Will – Will – (determination)(determination)

LEARNING – GENERAL LEARNING – GENERAL EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION

Conscience Conscience Process Process - awareness- awareness

LEARNING – GENERAL LEARNING – GENERAL EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION

The prime The prime conditions are:conditions are:

Readiness of the Readiness of the studentstudent

Aptitude of the Aptitude of the studentstudent

LEARNING – GENERAL LEARNING – GENERAL EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION

The prime The prime conditions are:conditions are:

Motivation Motivation provided by the provided by the teacherteacher

Activity provided Activity provided by the teacherby the teacher

LEARNING – GENERAL LEARNING – GENERAL EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION

The prime The prime condition is:condition is:

Participation Participation – working – working togethertogether

LEARNING – GENERAL LEARNING – GENERAL EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION

Learning Learning

Is relatively Is relatively permanent change permanent change due to experience due to experience and training and and training and results in skills, results in skills, cognition and cognition and

valuesvalues

LEARNING - TYPESLEARNING - TYPES

– Rational/cognitive Rational/cognitive LearningLearning::

– Mental assimilation of … Mental assimilation of … in natural or in natural or supernatural order. supernatural order. Outcome is KnowledgeOutcome is Knowledge

– Results in Results in conceptualization, conceptualization, philosophical principles, philosophical principles, discovering application, discovering application, understanding understanding relationships etc.relationships etc.

LEARNING – TYPES (cont…)LEARNING – TYPES (cont…)

Motor/Muscular Motor/Muscular Learning Learning – Change – Change appears in the form of appears in the form of skillskill

Range covers : Typing, Range covers : Typing, handwriting, industrial handwriting, industrial art, learning to play art, learning to play music, muscular music, muscular responses, elements responses, elements of practice etcof practice etc

LEARNING – TYPES (cont…)LEARNING – TYPES (cont…)

Associative learning Associative learning – – Any connection formed Any connection formed in learning in learning where the where the two ideas connected are two ideas connected are attended together as attended together as parts of a parts of a continues continues mental processmental process

Range covers learning Range covers learning spelling, poem, dates, spelling, poem, dates, foreign vocabulary, foreign vocabulary, formulae in formulae in mathematics mathematics and and science science

LEARNING – TYPES (cont…)LEARNING – TYPES (cont…)

Appreciative /affective Appreciative /affective learning learning – Acquisition of feeling, – Acquisition of feeling, taste, emotion, will, values and taste, emotion, will, values and other aspects of social and other aspects of social and psychological development psychological development gained through feeling rather gained through feeling rather than intellectualizationthan intellectualization

Range covers fine arts, Range covers fine arts, enjoyment of music, creative enjoyment of music, creative works in art, taste for literature, works in art, taste for literature, references for programsreferences for programs

LEARNING – GUIDING LEARNING – GUIDING PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES

Understanding Understanding the learner is the learner is

basicbasic

LEARNING – GUIDING LEARNING – GUIDING PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES

Next is the Next is the choice of choice of methodsmethods

LEARNING – GUIDING LEARNING – GUIDING PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES

Training aid for Training aid for modeling is modeling is

nextnext

LEARNING – GUIDING LEARNING – GUIDING PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES

Clear & Clear & adequate adequate

instruction is nextinstruction is next

LEARNING – GUIDING LEARNING – GUIDING PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES

Motivation and Motivation and simulation for goal simulation for goal

fulfillment are fulfillment are essentialessential

LEARNING – GUIDING LEARNING – GUIDING PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES

Participation based Participation based teacher-student teacher-student

positive relationship positive relationship is paramountis paramount

LEARNING - PRINCIPLESLEARNING - PRINCIPLES

ParticipationParticipation – For – For motivation, motivation,

engagement and engagement and reinforcementreinforcement

LEARNING - PRINCIPLESLEARNING - PRINCIPLES

RepetitionRepetition – – Fixing the change Fixing the change

in memoryin memory

LEARNING - PRINCIPLESLEARNING - PRINCIPLES

RelevanceRelevance – – Meaningfulness Meaningfulness of the changeof the change

LEARNING - PRINCIPLESLEARNING - PRINCIPLES

FeedbackFeedback – – Information to be used Information to be used as a base for principle as a base for principle

of transferenceof transference

LEARNING - PRINCIPLESLEARNING - PRINCIPLES

ParticipationParticipation – For motivation, engagement – For motivation, engagement and reinforcementand reinforcement

RepetitionRepetition – Fixing the change in memory – Fixing the change in memory TransferenceTransference – Matching the change with – Matching the change with

the demand of the jobthe demand of the job RelevanceRelevance – Meaningfulness of the change – Meaningfulness of the change FeedbackFeedback – Information to be used as a – Information to be used as a

base for principle of transferencebase for principle of transference

LEARNING – TEACHER’S TASKLEARNING – TEACHER’S TASK

Tackle difficulties in learningTackle difficulties in learning Discover better teaching methodsDiscover better teaching methods Develop good study habits for studentDevelop good study habits for student Natural assimilation of knowledgeNatural assimilation of knowledge Motivate student for learningMotivate student for learning Make environment favourableMake environment favourable Understand the aim behind teaching the Understand the aim behind teaching the

learninglearning