The Middle and Southern Colonies

The Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

New Netherland Becomes New York

New Netherland settled by the Dutch in 1624

The Dutch West India company used the patroon system to attract settlers

A patroon is a person who received land as a reward for bringing 50 settlers to New Netherland

New Netherland Becomes New York Puritans, Jews, and

Africans slaves were among those who lived in New Netherland

Colony’s governor was Peter Stuyvesant.

New Netherland Becomes New York English saw Dutch control of

New Netherlands as a threat because: Closeness to other colonies Threat to English trade

Duke of York, brother of King Charles II, drove the Dutch out by surrounding the city of New Amsterdam (New York)

New Netherland became New York , a proprietary colony. The Duke was the proprietor, or owner.

New Jersey Given to Sir George

Carteret and Lord John Berkeley by their friend the Duke of York

Promised religious freedom, large land grants, and a representative assembly.

Pennsylvania William Penn, the

founder of Pennsylvania, was given the land by King Charles II due to a debt owed to his family.

Founded for Quakers Promised religious

freedom and equality for all

Penn’s policies made Pennsylvania one the wealthiest colonies

Delaware Originally the

three lower counties of Pennsylvania.

They broke away to form the colony of Delaware

A Wealth of Resources Longer growing

season and rich soil made the growing of cash crops, or crops raised to be sold for money, a common source of income.

Diversity Dutch and German

farmers brought advanced agricultural methods

Skills, knowledge, and hard work soon led to an abundance of foods

The Importance of Mills Gristmills were

used to crush grain between two heavy stones to produce flour or meal.

Mills were powered by humans, animals, or rivers

Middle colonies had many rivers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hg

L0HluK5ig

The Growth of Cities in the Middle Colonies Harbors along the coast

gave birth to cities New York City grew up

at the mouth of the Hudson River

Philadelphia grew up at the mouth of the Delaware River

Exported cash crops and imported manufactured goods from Europe

Germans in the Middle Colonies Largest of group of non-English

immigrants Many came as indentured servants

fleeing religious intolerance Strong tradition of craftsmanship

brought many artisans, or craftspeople to the Middle Colonies

Germans in the Middle Colonies

Conestoga wagons were built to carry produce to town

Wide wheels suitable for dirt roads

Canvas covers offer protection

Religious Tolerance Middle colonies much more tolerant of other

faiths than in New England Dutch of New York and Quakers of

Pennsylvania both practiced religious tolerance

Quakers were anti-slavery and opposed to cruel treatment of Native Americans

Quakers insisted on equality of men and women Example: Quaker women served as preachers

The Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Maryland Founded by Lord

Baltimore in 1632 as a refuge for Roman Catholics

Promised religious freedom and passed the Toleration Act in 1649.

Economy based on tobacco and slaves

The Carolinas Carolina founded in

1663 City of Charleston

became a refuge for Huguenots

Grew rice and indigo, which created a need for slave labor

Used enslaved Africans and local Native Americans were bought and sold as well

The Carolinas Colonists overthrew

proprietary rule, so it became a royal colony, or ruled by governors appointed by the king, in 1729.

Split into North Carolina and South Carolina

Georgia Founded by James

Oglethorpe Filled with convicts

who were imprisoned for owing taxes

Sentences were forgiven in exchange for going to colony to work

The Plantation Economy Almost year-round

growing season and rich soil

Plantation farming became a way of life

Created a demand for slave labor

The Plantation Economy Plantations were

self-sufficient Made or produced

almost everything they needed

Because of this, large cities like those in the North were rare – Charles Town was the exception

The Turn To Slavery

Plantations Expand

Spread of plantations growing mainly rice and indigo

More Africans brought into the Southern colonies

Decrease in the use of indentured servants

The Planter Class Term used to describe the VERY wealthy Very few owned the majority of the land Owned LOTS of slaves to work the land Controlled all of the political and

economic power This situation remained until the Civil

War

Life Under Slavery Slaves worked in groups under the

supervision of overseers – men hired to watch over and direct the work of slaves

Usually worked 15 hours a day. Whipped by the overseer if they seemed they weren’t working hard enough

Life Under Slavery Lived in small, one-room cabins

furnished only with sleeping cots Give very little to eat

Example: ¼ bushel of corn and 1 pound of pork per week

Some could raise their own gardens

Resistance to Slavery

Subtle Resistance Working slowly Damaging owner’s property Doing things the wrong way purposefully

Not-so-subtle resistance Slave Revolts

Example: Stono Rebellion

Effects of Slave Rebellions1. Slaves forbidden to leave plantations without permission2. Illegal for slaves to meet with free blacks

The Backcountry Appalachian

mountains run from eastern Canada south to Alabama

Backcountry Settlers Some made living by trading with Native

Americans Springs and streams provided water and

forests provided wood for log cabins and fences

Paid for goods with deerskins. One buckskin was called a ………………..

Backcountry Homes Filled holes with

mud, grass, and clay

Sawed out doors and windows

Paper smeared with animal fat to cover their windows

The Scots - Irish Came from borderland between Scotland and

England

Persecution, poverty, and crop

failure

Clans, or large groups of

families, of Scots-Irish came by the

1000s

Backcountry Life “She is a very civil women and shows

nothing of ruggedness or Immodesty in her carriage, yett she will carry a gunn in the woods and kill deer, turkeys, etc., shoot doun wild cattle, catch and tye hoggs, knock down cattle with an ax and perform the most manfull Exercises.”