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THE MUSLIM WORLD
Intro to Islam and JCI Notes
Objectives
Student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 C.E. by Describing the
origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam
Essential Questions Where did the
Islamic religion originate? Where did it spread?
What are the beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam?
Origin of Islam
Arabian Peninsula Crossroads of three
continents Africa, Europe, Asia Major trade route
Caravan trails Connected to silk road
Surrounded by water Central and northern
land desert Nomads called Bedouins Organized into clans Would influence Islamic
culture Ideas of courage, loyalty
to a family, and warrior skills
Major cities Mecca
Important stop on trade route
Religious pilgrims worshipped at the Ka’aba
Medina
Muhammad Life
Born into a clan of a powerful Meccan family
Orphaned at six Raised by grandfather and
uncle, worked in caravans, became a merchant
At 25 married Khadijah
Revelations Often practiced prayer and
meditation At 40, heard a voice in a cave
outside of Mecca Voice of the angel Gabriel
Beliefs One true God called Allah
All others must be abandoned Convinced that he was the
last of the prophets
Movement Began to preach beliefs in 613
C.E. Persecuted for beliefs Fled to Medina
Called the Hejira (Hijrah) Became political, religious, and
military leader
Returned to Mecca with followers in 630 C.E. Retook the city, destroyed the
idols and had the call to prayer from the roof of the Ka’aba
Meccans pledged their loyalty to Muhammad and Islam
Death 632 C.E.
Beliefs and Practices
Islam The religion of the
Muslims, means “submission to the will of Allah”
Main teaching is that there is only one God, Allah
Muslim “one who has
submitted”
Holy book: Qur’an
5 Pillars Faith
One god, Allah Prayer
5 times a day, towards Mecca
May pray at a Mosque, an Islamic house of worship
Alms giving Responsibility to support
the less fortunate Religious tax
Pilgrimage The Hajj
Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime
Fasting During holy month of
Ramadan
Hajj
the sacred pilgrimage to Mecca that must be performed once in each Muslims’ life. During this pilgrimage, pilgrims wear identical garments so that all stand as equals before God.
Sources of Authority
Original source of authority is Allah Expressed is will
through the Angel Gabriel Reveled to
Muhammad as the Qur’an
Revelations written in Arabic
Sunna Muhammad’s
example Best model for proper
living
Shari’a The book of laws in
which the guidance of the Qur’an and Sunna was assembled in a practical form to help aid Muslims in applying the will of Allah to their daily lives.
This system of law regulates the family life, moral conduct, and business and community life of Muslims.
It brings all aspects of life together and unites all Muslims
JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY, AND ISLAM
Beliefs
To Muslims, Allah is the same God that is worshipped in Christianity and Judaism Reveres Abraham,
Moses, and other Jewish prophets
Believes Jesus was a prophet
Muhammad was the last great prophet
Other Important Points
Believe the Torah and Bible contain partial revelations from God; however, the Qur’an is the final revelation Muslims refer to
Christians and Jews as “people of the book”
All three religions believe in heaven and hell and a day of judgment
All people are equal before God Among Muslim
religious practices was religious tolerance for Christians and Jews
Religion Judaism Christianity Islam
Belief in God
One God One God One God
Jesus Jesus is a disciple
Jesus is the son of God and Messiah
Jesus is a Prophet
Holy Book Torah Old and New Testaments (Bible)
Qur’an
Salvation Salvation through just and moral life (Ten Commandments)
Salvation by following teachings of Jesus (Ten Commandments)
Salvation by following five pillars and living a just life