The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves outside the CNS

I. Spinal Nerves

Lead to and from the spinal cordPlexuses- “braid”, cluster of nerves

except T2-T12

I. Spinal NervesA. Cervical / brachial plexus- 8 nerves

around the 7 cervical vertebraeB. Thoracic- 12 nerves around 12 thoracic

vertebrae; not a plexusC. Lumbar- 5 nerves around 5 lumbar

vertebrae; cauda equina- horse tail appearance

D. Sacral plexus- 5 nerves around sacrumE. Coccygeal nerve- 1 nerve around

coccyx

I. Spinal NervesF. 13 Spinal Nerve

Branches To Know:1. Phrenic- diaphragm2. Axillary- circumflex

shoulder3. Ulnar- arm and hand

muscles; senses4. Median-

“5. Radial-

“6. Pudendal- perineal

muscles in genitalia, senses

I. Spinal Nerves

F. 13 Spinal Nerve Branches To Know:7. Femoral- leg muscles8. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous- senses of thigh9. Saphenous- towards patella, senses10. Sciatic- largest nerve- ¾ in diameter, back thigh, muscles11. Tibial- off sciatic, lower leg, senses12. Common Peroneal- leg and foot muscles, senses13. Medial Cutaneous- lower leg, senses

II. Cranial NervesConsist of bundles of axonsNamed based on primary function or structure that

they serveA. Three Kinds- sensory, motor, mixed

II. Cranial NervesB. Cranial Nerves to Know:

I. Olfactory- smell- SII. Optic- vision- SIII. Oculomotor- eye mover- MIV. Trochlear- eye mover- MV. Trigeminal- largest, chewing,

sensation-BVI. Abducens- eye mover-MVII. Facial- taste, tears- B

I. Olfactory

II. Optic

III. Oculomotor

IV. Trochlear

V. Trigeminal

VI. Abducens

VII. Facial

II. Cranial NervesB. Cranial Nerves to Know:

VIII-Vestibulocochlear- hearing, balance- S

IX- Glossopharyngeal- taste, moves tongue- B

X- Vagus- thoracic and abdominal cavities- B

XI- Accessory- helps vagus nerve, larynx, pharynx, upper shoulder muscles- M

XII- Hypoglossal-moves tongue- M

VII. Vestibulocochlear

IX. Glossopharyngeal

X. Vagus

XI. Accessory

XII. Hypoglossal

II. Cranial Nerves

WAYS TO HELP YOU REMEMBER THE NERVES-

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II. Cranial Nerves WAYS TO HELP YOU REMEMBER Sensory,

Motor, or Both-

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III. Two Divisions of the PNSA. Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

1. Regulates voluntary effectors to carry signal to the viscera

2. Regulates skeletal muscles3. Somatic Motor Pathway-

brain or SC single motor neuron with myelin synapse with Ach skeletal muscle

III. Two Divisions of the PNSB. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

1. Regulates involuntary effectors to carry signals to viscera

2. Regulate cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glandular epithelial tissue

3. 2 DivisionsA. Sympathetic Division- Flight or FightB. Parasympathetic Division- Rest and Repair

QUIZ Section 14 vocab1. Halare: to breathe2. Phil-: love3. Muc-: mucus4. Pulmo: lung5. Penia-: deficiency6. Alvus: belly7. Man- hand8. Nasus: nose9. Megalo-: large10. Dent: tooth11. Pleura: side12. Malaco: softening