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1
NOVEMBER 2014
The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region(France)
2 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 3
FOREWORD
This study, carried out by CENTRECO, the economic development and promotion agency in the
Centre-Loire Valley region (France), focuses exclusively on the pharmaceutical industry. The study
also touches on pharmaceutical production, including contract manufacturing, production of
inorganic and organic commodity chemicals, biopharmaceuticals and R&D companies specialised
in pharmaceutical research.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: The pharmaceutical industry worldwide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 4
CHAPTER 2: The French pharmaceutical industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 8
CHAPTER 3: The drugs industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p.10
3.1: More than 9,300 jobs in the Centre-Loire Valley region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 11
3.2: The pharmaceutical industry is more resistant than other industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 16
3.3: Pharmaceutical products lead regional exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 18
3.4: Pharmacy, leading sector for R&D in the Centre region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 20
3.5 : Training resources in line with the profession’s needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 22
3.6: Cluster and prodfessionnal association accompany regional companies . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 24
3.7: Focus on biopharmaceuticals in Centre region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 25
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The landscape of the global pharmaceutical industry has been changing for several years
now, experiencing an historical drop of 1% in the global market in 2012. Nowadays, it is now
a two-tier market, split between the emerging countries whose growth comes essentially from
high volumes, especially in generic drugs, and the developed countries, whose needs
remain great, but who are subject to strong pressure to reduce health expenditure.
France the world's 5th economical power, France plays a major role in the global pharma-
ceutical industry, having long dominated the European production market. In 2014, the
pharmaceutical industry continues to play a significant role in the French economy. It is an
industry which is highly concentrated in geographical terms. Among the 22 regions which
make up the national territory, the Centre region, France's 6th most industrial region,
is one of France's leading regions for pharmaceutical production.
This study on the drugs industry also aims to highlight the new
economic landscape of a sector which places the Centre region at
the top table of European regions in this domain.
Located 1 hour south of Paris, the Centre-Loire Valley region has almost 2.6 million inhabitants spread over the 6 départements which make up the region:
CHER (310,000 inhabitants), capital: Bourges
EURE-ET-LOIR (435,000 inhabitants), capital: Chartres
INDRE (229,000 inhabitants), capital: Chateauroux
INDRE-ET-LOIRE (599,000 inhabitants), capital: Tours
LOIR-ET-CHER (334,000 inhabitants), capital: Blois
LOIRET (666,000 inhabitants), capital: Orléans
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1
The pharmaceutical industry worldwide
4 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 5
1
The pharmaceutical industry worldwideThe global pharmaceutical industry has experienced a
major shift in recent years in reaction to upheavals
in the sector. A number of factors including the
dynamic growth of healthcare expenditure in
emerging countries and the needs of developed
countries which remain as great as ever, have
brought about changes in the sector. On the other
hand, other factors have brought about decline:
growing pressure from generics, the political will to
control social deficits, a decrease in R&D produc-
tivity and blockbuster drugs patents falling into
the public domain, among others.
A declining market in 2012
Today, decline seems inevitable for the pharmaceu-
tical industry, which was, however, one of the most
profitable sectors of the last century with double-
digit growth recorded for the period 1999-2003.
In 2012, the global drugs industry decreased by 1%,
generating 856 billion dollars in turnover. The cause
is the loss of patents of blockbuster medicines in
2011 and 2012 in addition to increasingly restrictive
public policies and weakened markets in the United
States and Europe. The strength of the emerging
markets no longer maintains growth of the global
market.
According to rating agency Fitch Ratings, growth
will probably not be restored to the sector before
2015, when the loss of patents protecting a large
number of blockbuster medicines will come to an
end and the leading laboratories will benefit from a
range of new medicines ready for launch, or already
generating profit. Entry into emerging markets will
also benefit the big pharma companies, in order to
return to growth and comfortable margins.
A two-tier global market
The countries where pharmacy and its industries
were born have seen, with a few exceptions, these
industries enter into a prolonged recession, with
their respective markets declining by between
-1% and - 4%. Emerging countries, especially the
BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa),
6 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 7
THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY WORLDWIDE
RANK LABORATORY NATIONALITY TURNOVER 2012*in USD bn
MARKET SHAREin %
CHANGE IN TURNOVER 2011-2012 in %
1 Novartis CH 50.8 5.9 -5.9
2 Pfizer US 46.9 5.5 -18.7
3 Merck & Co US 40.2 4.7 -2.7
4 Sanofi FR 37.7 4.4 +1.9
5 Roche CH 34.8 4.1 -0.3
6 GlaxoSmithKline UK 32.7 3.8 -4.9
7 AstraZeneca UK 32 3.7 -4.8
8 Johnson & Johnson US 27.9 3.3 +14.3
9 Abbott US 26.8 3.1 +19.6
10 Teva ISR 24.8 2.9 +48.5
11 Lilly US 21.9 2.6 0
12 Bristol Myers Squibb US 17.6 2.1 -17
13 Amgen US 17.2 2 +12.4
14 Boehringer Ingelheim DE 17.1 2 +23.9
15 Bayer DE 16.2 1.9 +26.6
TOTAL 444.6 52 + 0.7*Manufacturer's price, medicines sold on prescription
Together, the 15 leading laboratories generate over half of global turnover
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Estimated turnovers 2015 - Change in turnover in the leading markets worldwide between 2010 and 2015 (AAGR1)
+1.5% $357Bn
North America
+12.2% $100.9Bn
Latin America
+7.9% $25Bn
Africa
+12.2% $237BnEuropean
Union
+15.3% $147.1Bn
East and South East Asia
+8.9% $16.7Bn
Oceania
+7.4% $15.4BnMiddle East
+15.3% $27.6Bn
Europe (non-EU)
+15.3% $32.1Bn
India
+3.3% $120.6Bn
Japan
6 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 7
THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY WORLDWIDE
on the other hand, have seen their pharmaceutical market
reach levels of growth that developed countries were
experiencing just ten years ago. Pharmaceutical sales in
China, India, Brazil, Russia, Egypt, Pakistan, Romania and
nine other developing countries will continue to grow by
between 13% and 16% a year up until 2015, according to
IMS health.
An industry dominated by the "Big Pharma" companies, with Novartis, Pfizer and Merck on top
According to data from the market research institute IMS Health, Novartis has been the world leader since 2012, with a turnover of USD 50.8 billion. In 2011, the Swiss company was still in second place behind Pfizer, whose turnover has dropped from almost USD 58 billion in 2011 to USD 46.9
billion. The American laboratory has been sharply hit by the loss of exclusive rights to several medicines such as the anti-cholesterol drug Lipitor, the world's best-selling drug with a turnover exceeding USD 10 billion every year.
Nonetheless, although the leading laboratory globally is Swiss, the industry continues to be dominated by American laboratories (7 in the top 15 big pharma companies).
The success of the American industry lies in a number of factors, the main one being the high level of innovation, in addition to significant investment in R&D and close ties between the industry and universities.
1 AAGR: Average Annual Growth Rate
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The French pharmaceutical industry
The pharmaceutical industry plays an important role in the French economy. In terms of activity and employment, the influence of this industry is stronger in France than in most European countries. It also has a superior average skill
level to that seen in the economy as a whole. However, this historically solid position has recently started to weaken.
The pharmaceutical industry's share in total industrial production, stable since the mid-2000s, has shown slight decline since 2010.
Key figuresJobs 101,900 direct jobs / No.2 in Europe (2011)
Industry 254 sites (2011)
Turnover 52.2 bn euros (2012)
Export 25 bn euros /No.2 French export sector (2012)
R&D expenditure 4.6 bn euros (2010)
8 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 9
The French pharmaceutical market: an unprecedented decline in 2012
In 2012, the French market recorded an historical drop of 2.3% in value (market stagnation in volume). This decline was mainly down to lower prices, the rise in power of generic medicines and the increasing difficulty in bringing out new medicines.
In addition to the boom in generics, which represent 14% of the market in value and 26% in volume, a second major phenomenon characterised 2012 - the dynamic performance of the OTC (Over The Counter) pharmaceutical market. In 2012, 361 million units were sold (+ 3.5%) on the self-medication market, representing a turnover of 1.84 billion euros (+ 7.9%).
More than 52 billion euros in pharmaceuticals turnover in 2012, of which almost half was exported
For a long time, France dominated the production market in Europe, owing to the establishment of industrial sites by leading pharmaceutical groups in the 1980s and 90s, close to their markets. However, the historically solid position of the French
pharmaceutical industry has recently started to weaken.
An export-oriented industry
53% of medicines manufactured in France are exported (an export rate far higher than the rate of the manufacturing industry which is estimated to be around 34%) and in 2013 are, 6% of products exported by France will be pharmaceuti-cal products. With the exception of 2011, French exports of pharmaceutical products grew steadily (+ 5.6% per year on average between 2004 and 2012). This reached a peak in 2013, with over 29 billion euros. Imports are also on the rise, notably of generics. However, imports are increasing faster than exports (+ 7.3% per year on average between 2004 and 2012).
R&D at the heart of pharmaceutical laboratories' strategy
The drugs industry is one of the most research-intensive in-dustries. The total budget dedicated to research is, of course, smaller in absolute value than that of the automotive sector, but it represents a significantly larger percentage of turnover (7% for automotive). Thus, in 2010, 10.2% of total turnover of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors were devoted to R&D, i.e. more than 4.6 billion euros (Leem data). Further-more, research is virtually entirely self-financed by private companies.
Moreover, this investment in R&D is manifested in the existence of seven competitiveness clusters dedicated to pharmacy. Located all over France, these clusters have their own speciality : for examples, Lyonbiopôle (Rhône-Alpes) is dedicated to infectious pathologies and is the cluster of reference for nano-biotechnology. Medicen Paris Region focuses on imaging, cellular and tissue-related medicine and pharmaceutical technologies, while Eurobiomed (PACA- Languedoc-Roussillon) covers laboratories specialised in infectious, tropical and emerging diseases, rare and orphan diseases and neurological pathologies.
An administered industry
The French pharmaceutical industry has one specific feature - since medicine prices are covered by health insurance, they are administered. In summary, the acceptance or reimbur-sement of a medicine depends on the Medical Benefit (SMR) and the Improvement of Medical Benefit (ASMR), assessed by the French National Authority for Health (Haute Autorité de
Santé). Depending on the SMR level (major, important, moderate, weak or insufficient), the medicine will be granted partial or total coverage.
Thus, because of this coverage, medicine prices are not freely set, but are subject to regulation. In the end, medicine prices incorporate shares tied to manufacturers, wholesale distributors and pharmacists.
For several years now, controlling healthcare expenditure has become a priority of successive governments in order to ensure the balance and the longevity of the health insurance system. This priority is reflected in the decision to discontinue subsidising certain drugs, among other measures. Notably, there were several rounds of delisting in 2003, 2006 and 2012.
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The French pharmaceutical industry
In 2012, the turnover of the pharmaceutical industry on the French market fell by 1.8%
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YEARTURNOVER
FRANCE in billions of euros
TURNOVER EXPORT
in billions of euros
TOTAL TURNOVER
in billions of euros
2000 17,263 9,621 26,884
2005 23,822 16,747 40,569
2010 27,416 24,133 51,549
2011 27,491 22,030 49,521
2012 27,001 25,286 52,287
Service Médical Rendu -
Amélioration du Service Médical Rendu -
10 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 11
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The drugs industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region
Key figures• Jobs: 9,307 direct jobs / ranked 3rd nationally
• 74% of workforce in companies with over 250 employees
• Establishments: 58 laboratories including 13 contract manufacturing organisations
• Exports: 5.15 bn euros / No.1 regional export sector
• Presence of Polepharma, the French pharmaceutical production cluster
The quality of the region's pharmaceutical sector is reflected by the presence of leading laboratories and also the diversity of the know-how which characterises its pharmaceutical
repertoire (liquids, sterile forms, dry forms, sprays, pastes and semi-pastes, etc.) and dispensing methods, on top of the comprehensiveness of the therapeutic areas
covered by the medicines produced in the Centre region.
10 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 11
3
The drugs industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region
No.3 region in France in terms of jobs
In France, the pharmaceutical industry workforce is princi-
pally located in 3 regions: Ile-de-France, Rhône-Alpes and
the Centre region. With 9,307 employees, the pharmaceutical
industry represents over 7% of regional industrial employment.
The regional territory is suitable for the development of intensive pharmaceutical subcontracting activity. The
CMOs (Delpharm, Chemineau, Famar, Fareva, Synerlab, etc.),
who have sometimes directly taken over their purchasers'
industrial sites, contribute to the development of the sector
and the preservation of industrial jobs. Over 28% of pharma-
ceutical jobs now depend on a subcontracting site.
The leading pharmaceutical laboratory in terms of workforce
is Servier, France's No.1 independent pharmaceutical group,
which has one of the largest pharmaceutical production
sites in France (800 employees), in Gidy in the Loiret dépar-
tement. Since 1996, the site has been home to the Servier
Clinical Support Unit, the biggest unit dedicated to pharma-
ceutical production for clinical trials in Europe. The labora-
tory employs more than 1,200 people in Loiret in total. The
Servier group has 20,000 employees in the world, including
3,000 in the Research and Development sector.
The second-ranked laboratory is the CMO Famar, subsidiary
of the Greek group Marinopoulos, who have two sites in the
Centre region. The first, in the Eure-et-Loir département,
bought from the laboratory Abbott in 2007, specialised in freeze-drying. 200 people are employed there. The second, and biggest, of the CMO's sites, is the Orléans site in the Loiret département, where the laboratory has combined its 2 Orléans sites on the site of the former McNeil Manufacturing factory. The new site has over 700 employees.
Big pharma company Sanofi is the third largest regional employer in the pharmaceutical sector. The group has a site in Indre-et-Loire and a site in Loiret, with a combined workforce of 739 employees.• The Tours site in Indre-et-Loire was inaugurated in 1967
and has been developed in recent years, notably with the installation of a new granulator. The site produces tablets (monolayer, bilayer and trilayer) and capsules (powder and granules), and packs vials and bottles. The site exports 80% of its output to Europe, Asia, Africa, Middle East and
Latin America.
Moreover, since 2008, Tours has been home to Centre of industrial development and innovation and the Central anti-counterfeiting laboratory. • Inaugurated in 1961, the Amilly factory in Loiret is a
cosmetics, pharmaceutical products and chemical products production site which manufactures almost 65 million boxes of dried formula per year.
Lastly, in Chartres, Novo Nordisk owns the only insulin
production unit outside of Denmark and the United States.
Since 1961, this site has been one of the group's strategic
Medicines: flagship activity of the regional pharmaceutical industry
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NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYEES in %
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products 11 504 5.4
Manufacture of pharmaceuticals (human and veterinary medicine) 35 8,277 88.9
- of which contract manufacturing 13 2,645 28.4
R&D 12 526 5,70
TOTAL 58 9,307 100
3.1. More than 9,300 jobs in the Centre-Loire Valley region
12 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 13
sites. The Chartres site is dedicated to the production of 3ml
insulin cartridges. 68% of its output is exported in Europe.
The remaining output is shipped to Oceania and Canada.
Geographical disparities
On the basis of the 58 companies and 9,307 employees, we can
see great geographical disparities in the Centre region's job
pool. The companies of the pharmaceutical sector are, in the
most part, located along the Orléans-Blois-Tours line and near
the boundaries of the Paris region.
The Loiret département alone represents over 39% of the sector's workforce. This département is notably home to
Servier Laboratoires, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi laboratories and the
CMO Famar. As for the Eure-et-Loir département, it constitutes
32.6% of pharmaceutical employment, with, among others,
the laboratories Beaufour-Ipsen, Leo Pharma, Ethypharm and
Expanscience.
The pharmaceutical industry is far less developed in the
départements in the south of the Centre region: Indre and Cher
have only 3 companies and 219 employees.
The pharmaceutical industry is a particularly important industry in the Eure-et-Loir département, where it represents 11.3% of industrial employment and 2.3% of total employment. Is is
also important in Loiret (7.7% of industrial jobs) and Indre-et-
Loire (7.2%).
It should be noted that almost 80% of the workforce is concentrated in 4 employment areas around the cities
of Orléans, Tours, Dreux et Chartres. In the Dreux area, the
pharmaceutical industry represents 27.2% of industrial
employment and 5.4% of total employment.
Pithiviers (Loiret), a mainstay of the fine chemical industry in FranceThe presence of four laboratories - 3M, Isochem, Merck
Estapor and Orgapharm - has made Pithiviers the No.2 fine
chemistry production site in France, behind Mourenx in
the Aquitaine region. This area employs over 300 people.
• American group 3M has one single fine chemistry site
in the world and it has been located in Loiret since
1967. This site's speciality is the production of active
ingredients for the pharmaceutical industry, and more
specifically for 4 families of medicines: cardiology,
urinary antibacterials, analgesics and the stimulation
of immunising defences. More than 50% of output is
exported to Europe, the United States and Japan.
• Merk Estapor, subsidiary of German group Merck, focuses
on the research, development and production of micro-
spheres for in vitro diagnostics, biotechnology and
cosmetics, etc.
• The Loiret unit of Orgapharm, a subsidiary of the Axyntis
group, mainly manufactures two classes of products -
intermediates and active molecules for the pharmaceu-
tical industry and speciality chemicals for the electronics
industry.
• Set up in Pithiviers since 1977, Isochem specialises in
multistage organic synthesis for the pharmaceutical
(over 50% of its turnover), cosmetic and agrochemical
industries. The R&D teams develop around ten new products
a year on the Pithiviers site and around thirty at group
level.
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LES LABORATOIRESSERVIER INDUSTRIE
NOVO NORDISK PRODUCTION SAS
FAMAR ORLEANS
BEAUFOUR IPSEN INDUSTRIE
FAREVA
PROGIPHARM (PIERRE FABRE)
SANOFI WINTHROP INDUSTRIE
SANOFI WINTHROP INDUSTRIE
MERCK SANTE
LABORATOIRES LEO PHARMA
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
840 500 250 100 50
SECTORS OF ACTIVITY
Basic pharmaceutical products
Manufacture of medicines
Biotechnology
Pharmaceutical companies located in the Centre region
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
between them
12 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 13
COMPANY NAME NAT. No. of sites WORKFORCE ACTIVITY
Laboratoire Servier FR 4 1,280 Manufacture of medicines / R&D
Famar Orléans GR 3 925 Contract manufacture and packaging of medicines
Sanofi FR 2 739
- Manufacture of medicines - Fine chemical synthesis unit for pharmaceutical use - Centre of Industrial Development and Innovation (DI&I)- Central anti-counterfeit laboratory
Novo Nordisk DNK 1 730- Manufacture of medicines - Production of insulin
Ipsen Industrie FR 1 580- Manufacture of medicines - Ipsen global centre for pharmaceutical development
Pierre Fabre FR 2 543 Manufacture of medicines
Fareva FR 1 480 Contract manufacture of medicines
Merck Santé DE 1 350Manufacture and contract manufacture of pharmaceutical products for the treatment of diabetes (dry forms)
Laboratoires Leo Pharma
DNK 1 318Manufacture and import of pharmaceuticals (specialist in the manufacture of injectable preparations)
Ethypharm FR 1 310Development and manufacture of medicines with controlled-release of active ingredients
The region's 10 leading companies together employ 67% of employees in the sector
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CHER
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LOIR-ET-CHER
INDRE-ET-LOIRE
EURE-ET-LOIR
21 3 636
14 1 829
6 584
2 129
1 90
13 3 039
Almost 3 in 4 jobs in the Loiret andEure-et-Loir départements
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
14 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 15
3 in 4 jobs in companies with over 250 employees
The pharmaceutical industry is an industry with a high
employment rate compared to industry as a whole in the
Centre region. Companies employ 160 people on average,
i.e. an employment rate 8 times higher than that of industry
in the region (some twenty employees).
Moreover, almost 29% of them have over 250 employees,
compared to less than 1% for industry in the region as a whole.
These large companies contain around 74% of the sector's
workforce. It is worth highlighting the fact that 4 companies
have more than 500 employees (2,860 jobs in total).
An industrial fabric which has been completely transformed over the last 10 years
Creations, transfers and disappearances of companies have
changed the region's productive fabric, reflecting the major
restructuring that the pharmaceutical industry has undergone
on a global scale. A few examples of this phenomenon:
• The new Orleans site, in Loiret, of the Greek CMO Famar (who,
up until now, occupied a former Novartis and Sandoz site),
has, since the 1970s, successively been home to laboratories
Parke-Davis, Pfizer and Mc Neil Manufacturing (subsidiary
of the Johnson & Johnson group).
Famar operates on another site in the Centre region, in the
Eure-et-Loir département, which belonged to American
company Abbott up until 2007.
• French pharmaceutical and cosmetic CMO Fareva, who had
already taken over several Pfizer sites in the past, acquired the
Pfizer Indre-et-Loire site in 2013, maintaining the jobs there.
Furthermore, American company Pfizer also committed to
continue sub-contracting the manufacture of its medicines
for 10 years to Fareva.
• Another transfer is that of Novéal Pharma (formerly Biophélia),
specialised in the toll manufacturing of food supplements
and medicines. The laboratory, which employs 86 people,
was taken over by the holding Pharméal in 2013.
• Among the disappearances, BMS (Bristol Myers Squibb),
who in January 2010 closed its site in Eure-et-Loir and
Sinclair Pharma, a specialist in treatments for skin and
mucous membrane conditions, who closed its industrial
unit in Loiret in 2013.
An industry that invests heavily in the Centre region
Two key factors determine, in part, the longevity and deve-
lopment of regional sites:
• the issues related to the site's product portfolio and its
renewal (degree of maturity of products, exposure to generic
competition, degree of export, etc.)
Distribution of companies according to the number of employees, in %
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30,7 % over 500 employees
0,4 % 0 to 9 employees
3,9 % 10 to 49 employees
8,4 % 50 to 99 employees
13,1 % 100 to 249 employees
43,5 % 250 to 499 employees
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
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Foreign capital
French capital outside
of the region
Centre region capital
n Number of employees n Establishments
Distribution of companies according to their dependence on a group in 2013
16
3 430
5 230
640
27
15
14 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 15
• the issues related to the means of production (mastery of tech-
nology, production capacities, dosage forms mastered, etc.).
As such, investment made by the pharmaceutical industry in
new production facilities is particularly noteworthy. On the
one hand, in order to modernise its factories, and on the other
hand, to increase its production capacity or to accommodate
the production of new medicines.
• Thus, French pharmaceutical laboratory Ethypharm launched
an investment programme of 8 million euros in 2013 on its
two production sites in France, one of which is located in
Eure-et-Loir. These new capacities are intended to respond
to the demand for generics, including Esomeprazol, a medi-
cation for the treatment of gastric reflux.
• The Sanofi group invested 15 million euros in 2013 to produce
two medicines in Tours (Indre-et-Loire), which were manu-
factured in the United States, in Kansas City, up till then.
• In October 2013 Innothéra inaugurated its new medicine
packaging unit in Loir-et-Cher. The creation of this industrial
unit, over 90% devoted to medicine exports, was accom-
panied by the recruitment of some forty additional workers
on the site. The new building occupies an area of 5,116 m2
usable space and contains - in addition to packaging work-
shops - new offices, a meeting room, a warehouse, eight air
handling units, a reverse osmosis water treatment plan, etc.
• In late 2012, Chiesi invested 22 million in the installation
of a new building on its site near Blois, in the Loir-et-Cher
département, to house a new production line for one drug.
This medicine comes in a totally innovative form comprising
a double powder of microparticles attached to one lactose
molecule. This process was developed by the group in Italy,
who then decided to extend production to its French site.
COMPANY NAME AMOUNT DESCRIPTION ANNOUNCEMENT DATE
Novo Nordisk €50 MPurchase of new facilities, notably a filling line, an inspection line, formulation, washing and sterilisation facilities, an unloading robot at the beginning of the line and a weighing system for control.
2011
Famar Orléans €30 M Merging of the two Loiret sites on a new site 2011
Expanscience €23 M New 5,000m² HEQ unit for extraction of vegetable active ingredients 2011
Chiesi €22 MConstruction of a new 3,600 m² production module to house the manufacturing of a new drug
2012
Sanofi €15 MNew facilities to accompany the transfer of a part of the production of another of the group's sites
2011
Innothera Chouzy €10 M Construction of a new packaging unit 2012
Laboratoires Leo Pharma
€25 M Rolling out of a sterile syringe line 2010
€10 M Installation of a new aseptic filling line and two new packaging lines 2012
Nypro France €6.5 MExtension of the site to accommodate the manufacture of a new metered-dose inhaler
2010
Famar L’Aigle €6 M Installation of a new filling line and two new freeze-dryers 2010
Wyjolab €5 MOpening of a new production unit and creation of two control and development laboratories
2013
Main investments announced by the regional pharmaceutical industry since 2010
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THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
16 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 17
3.2. The pharmaceutical industry: an industrial sector which is more resistant than other industrial sectors in the Centre region
Financial indicators of the pharmaceutical industry
Financial indicators of the pharmaceutical industry
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10REGIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL
INDUSTRY REGIONAL INDUSTRY
AS A WHOLE NATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL
INDUSTRY
Margin 23% not provided 31%
Economic rate of return2 10% 9% 17%
Financial rate of return3 11% 8% 18%
Value added rate 47.4% not provided 28.9%
Self-financing rate 159% 115% 266%
Investment rate 15% not provided 12%
Productivity €84,000 per FTE €66,000 per FTE €138,000 per FTE
2 The economic rate of return measures the ability of the company to achieve a result by using all of its means. 3 The financial rate of return measures the ability of the company to remunerate its partners.
Steadily growing up to 2000, employment in the pharma- ceutical industry increased considerasly in the Centre region between 2000 and 2005, while industrial employment in the region has been decreasing significantly and steadily since the 1990s.
From 1990 to 2004, the regional pharmaceutical sector
was even more dynamic than the national pharmaceutical
industry, with a significantly higher growth in employment
(for example, + 13.5% in 2004 in the Centre versus + 2% in
France). However, in 2005, the increase in the number of
jobs contracted, stagnating from 2010 onwards.
Production operator posts, owing to the automation of production
lines and production volumes, are overall decreasing in number.
Pharmaceutical sales representatives and preclinical and
clinical development posts are also affected.
Temporary employment picks up in the pharmaceutical industry
Temporary employment is considered a leading indicator
of the development of the labour market. In the event of
an increase, it announces an imminent recovery of stable
employment, and if it falls, it is a sign of companies' uncer-
tainty as to the future of their operations.
Industrial companies in the region have heavily reduced
their use of temporary posts since 2009. 3,900 posts in
total were cut in 2012.
The pharmaceutical industry has not been spared and
the effects of the crisis have also impacted temporary
employment since 2009 (- 14% compared to 2008). However,
the use of temporary positions picked up in 2011 and 2012.
The number of temporary job contracts signed in the region's
pharmaceutical industry totalled 18,478 in 2012, up 1.7% in
a year, versus - 2.2% at national level.
Solid financial results: a successful sector at regional level
Compared to the region's industry as a whole, the pharma-
ceutical industry is a financially more successful sector. It is
more profitable than the region's industry as a whole, with
better economic and financial margins and profitability.
The self-financing rate also shows a greater ability to finance
investments from private funds in the pharmaceutical sector.
The sector also generates more wealth, with higher apparent
productivity than that of the region's industry.
Lastly, the share of equity brought to the balance sheet
shows greater financial autonomy in the pharmaceutical
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
16 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 17
industry than in the region's industry as a whole (57%
compared to 46%).
Lower salaries in the Centre region that at national level Owing to the high percentage of labourers, (51.2% of regional
pharmaceutical employment compared to 36% at national
level), the remuneration of employees in the pharma-
ceutical industry of the Centre region is significantly lower
than at national level. The average salary is higher that the average salary in regional industry (19,000 euros), but it is significantly lower than the average salary in the French pharmaceutical industry (26,600 euros per year in the Centre region, compared to 32,500 euros in France).
Moreover, although there are fewer management positions,
they are also less well paid in the Centre region (45,200
euros versus 51,800 euros at national level). This is also
the case for the intermediate professions (27,200 euros
versus 30,600 euros).
One in five postes to be replaced by 2022The pharmaceutical industry continues to recruit, notably
to replace retired employees, although the sector is less
affected that the rest of industry: 20% of jobs are filled
by people over the age of 50, versus 25% in industry as
a whole.
Taking into account new conditions for receiving a full-rate
pension, almost 2,000 posts could be freed up by 2022 in
the Centre region, half of which by 2016.
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
and employers
18 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 19
More than one product in four exported by the Centre region is a pharmaceutical product
In 2013, the Centre region produced almost 18% of national
exports of pharmaceutical products. These exports repre-
sented 27.6% of regional exports. Pharmaceutical exports
are also at the top of the list of products imported by the
region (17.4% of regional imports). They constitute 12.6% of
national pharmaceutical imports.
Although at a much lower level than their long-term average
in 2010 and 2011, exports and imports of pharmaceutical
products have been increasing since 2012. The balance of
trade remains largely positive and stable, at around 2 billion
euros.
Intra-group trade boosts foreign business
In 2013, over 80% of regional laboratories' foreign sales
were made in Europe: Belgium is the No.1 buyer, with more
than 1.8 billion euros of imported pharmaceutical products,
followed by Germany (515 million) and Italy. All the same,
Japan came in 5th place for international sales.
The Centre region buys essentially from European labora-
tories (82.5%). However, imports are less spread out than
exports. Overwhelmingly topping the list of suppliers is Ireland,
who in 2013 supplied over 66% of pharmaceutical products
to the region. Indeed, Irish exports of medicines doubled in
one year. This leadership is explained by the presence in the
country of 18 of the 20 leading pharmaceutical companies
in the world, drawn by the low corporate tax rate. Moreover,
while the country has been hit very hard by the economic
crisis, the pharmaceutical industry creates jobs, invests and
represents more than 50 billion in exports.
The importance of intra-group trade should be noted, i.e. trade between subsidiaries of the same group, which is more substantial in the pharmaceutical industry than in industry as a whole.
3.3. Pharmaceutical products lead regional exports
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
18 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 19
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
2013201220112010
Regional trade of pharmaceutical products since 2010, in thousands of euros (not including basic pharmaceutical products)
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3 918
2 208
1 948 1 987 2 028
3 230
5 258 5 150
3 120
2 030
3 935
1 710
n Imports n Exports n Balance of trade
The Centre region's main trading partners in 2013
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MAIN CUSTOMERS, in % MAIN SUPPLIERS,
in %66,1 % Ireland
12,5 % United States
5,7 % Germany
3,1 % Italy
2,3 % China
2 % Denmark
1,7 % Spain
1,6 % United Kingdom
0,7 % Belgium
0,5 % Poland
3,8 % Other countries
35,3 % Belgium
10 % Germany
6,1 % Italy
4,1 % United Kingdom
4,1 % Japan
3,9 % Spain
3,6 % Russia
2,3 % Greece
2,1 % Poland
1,8 % Ireland
26,7 % Other countries
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
20 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 21
The pharmaceutical industry is characterised by the large
amount of R&D activity that it carries out, whether this
be integrated or outsourced. It is the leading sector for
research in the Centre region, representing 1/5th of R&D
expenditure of all of the region's companies.
Outsourcing research
Outsourcing clinical research is a practice which is booming:
the search for savings and the desire to transform certain
fixed costs into variable costs are driving laboratories to
refocus on activities which are considered strategic. Thus,
laboratories devote almost a third of their R&D budget to clinical research outsourcing contracts. CROs - Contract
Research Organizations - are rapidly extending their
influence.
In Baugy, in Cher, where it has 90 employees, the Centre
d’Etudes et de Recherche Biologique (Centre for Biological
Research and Studies - CERB) is a contracted preclinical
research laboratory. It offers the pharmaceutical industry
all of the studies required in toxicology and pharmacology
for entry into phase 1 of clinical trials of new molecules.
The CERB is more specifically specialised in cardiovascular
pharmacology, telemetry, electrophysiology and central
nervous system pharmacology.
As for the CRO Key-Obs, it offers the pharmaceutical industry
testing of molecules with specific animal models, notably for
neurodegenerative diseases and alcoholism. The company
has developed tools for the fine-grain analysis of their
behaviour, their motor function and even their memory. The
laboratory employs 14 people in Orléans in Loiret.
CRO Artimmune carries out research in the fields of allergy
and inflammation. Its activity is mainly oriented towards
respiratory pathologies. With in vivo study models - animal
models of human pathologies and transgenic mice models -
Artimmune offers a scientific consulting service and conducts
studies into immunopharmacology for the pharmaceutical
industry and public research in the field of respiratory
diseases.
Public research
Public research is carried out in the laboratories of the
Universities of Tours and Orléans and at the Orléans branch
of the CNRS (French National Scientific Research Centre).
Research at the Tours Faculty of Pharmacy extends to the
field of medical imaging, biopharmaceuticals, cancerology
and more specifically the study of autism in partnership
with the Inserm (French National Institute for Medical
Research).
Public-private partnerships: The CERs - Centres for Studies and Researchthe CERs were created at the University of Tours in 2005.
Their goal: to link a university laboratory to a regional company to conduct shared research projects. Among the
3.4. Pharmacy, the leading sector for research in the Centre region
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
20 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 21
Sour
ce :
Cent
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The public research laboratories (non-exhaustive list)
LABORATORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ORLÉANS
ICOAInstitute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry
• Mission: identification of new bioactive models suitable for therapeutic and cosmetic use
TOURS FACULTY OF PHARMACY LABORATORIES
3 INSERM units• Imaging and Brain • Morphogenesis and antigenicity of HIV and Hepatic Viruses • Nutrition, Growth and Cancer
1 INRA unit • Infectiology and Public health
2 CNRS units • Institute for Physiology and Cellular biology • Genetics, Immunotherapy, Chemistry and Cancer
4 laboratories recognised by the Ministry for Research
• Plant biotechnology and biomolecules • Dendritic cells, Immunointervention and Transplants • Nano-medicines and nanoprobes • Therapeutic and molecular innovation
PUBLIC LABORATORIES
CNRS - INEMMolecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics / Orléans
• Study of respiratory diseases, autism and genetics
CNRS – CBMCentre for Molecular Biophysics / Orléans
• Research into anti-cancer agents and the design of molecular and cellular vectors enabling treatment to be delivered to cells
six existing structures, the CERP is devoted to a niche area:
molecular imaging. A 2.5 million euro project has been set
up with Cyclopharma, a laboratory specialised in nuclear
medicine and radiopharmaceuticals.
Integrated research in laboratories
Major laboratories have chosen the Centre region to develop
their R&D activities:
• In Orléans, Servier laboratories installed their global
platform for galenic and biopharmaceutical innovation
and research in 2008, which employs some fifty researchers,
thus completing the R&D centre already in place, comprising
300 researchers.
The mission of this galenic institute is to study the way in
which to transform an active ingredient into a medicine
and to give it the most suitable and effective format for
patients. It is equipped with technological tools which are
specially designed for the laboratory, such as a computer-
assisted control unit, a powder mixer and high performance
microscopes.
• The Ipsen group's centre of excellence for development
in Dreux brings together two activities - pharmaceutical
development and industrial development. Pharma-
ceutical development acts on chemical and biological
entities and concerns the nature and the substance of
medicines, their mode of manufacture and the method
used to control the manufacturing process. The Dreux
industrial site specialises in the production of oral formats
in sachets and solutions. In 2012, the site produced over
1 billion sachets, 700 million tablets and capsules and 3
million vials.
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGIONSo
urce
: Ce
ntré
co
22 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 23
Dedicated training courses for the pharmaceutical industry
A great many different roles, and consequently many training
courses, provide access to working in the drugs industry, from
the CAP (Certificate of Professional Aptitude) to the bac+6
(baccelauréat + 6 years' studies) and beyond. In addition to
training courses linked to production, training linked to R&D
and quality are increasingly in demand.
According to the Need for Labour survey carried out by Pôle Emploi (National Agency for Employement), almost 40% of companies in the region had recruitment projects for 2012.
The Centre region is home to several establishments providing
access to training courses for roles in the pharmaceutical
industry, notably the IMT, the FBS France Business School
(formerly Tours ESCEM), the Tours Faculty of Pharmacy and
the CNAM Centre (National School of Engineering and
Technology).
Benefiting from its proximity to major laboratories, the
GRETA Eure-et-Loir has also implemented several training
courses for roles in the pharmaceutical industry.
3.5. Training resources in line with the profession's needs
The IMT, the Institute of businesses and Technologies, one of the main training pools for the national pharmaceutical industryCreated in 1980 in Tours (Indre-et-Loire), the IMT Group
is today the leading centre in France in the field of training
for roles in the Health Industries (pharmaceuticals and
cosmetics). Its training courses go from level V (CAP) to
level II (Bac+3).
The posts of technical operator (OTPCI), technician (TPI)
and advanced technician (TSPI) in industrial pharmacy
and cosmetics are available in on-going training and by
the VAE (Validation of Prior Experience). Since September
2010, a new level II training course (Technician Specialised
in Industrial Bioproduction) has been offered, and since
2013, a new training course in maintenance (TSMEB) has
been available.
The IMT Group also offers courses which lead to qualifi-
cations, falling within the Forward Planning of Employment
and Skills (GPEC), and accompany the professional deve-
lopment of employees of pharmaceutical, cosmetics and
veterinary companies.
Its fields of expertise are quality (BPF, FDA, ISO, procedures,
qualification), quality control, logistics, production (dosage
forms, manufacturing process, packaging) and maintenance
(heats attendant, metrology training).
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
22 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 23
Training courses devoted to heath care biotechnology
In the Centre region, there are several training courses
specifically focussing on the study of biotechnology:
• The IMT, the Institut des Métiers et Technologies (Insti-
tute of Occupations and Technologies), offers a Technician
Specialised in Industrial Bioproduction (TSBI) training
course accessible for people with a scientific Bac+2 or who
can provide proof of equivalent professional experience.
• The Lycée Jacques Monod, in Loiret, offers a Biotechno-
logy BTS which enables the graduate to work in either
research or production. The technician applies biological,
biochemical and biophysical techniques to produce
substances which can be used in the pharmaceutical,
cosmetics or agri-food businesses.
• The Lycée d’Enseignement Général et Technologique
Agricole (LEGTA) in Vendôme (Loir-et-Cher) offers a BTSA
Anabiotech (agricultural, biological and biotechnological
analyses) which trains advanced laboratory technicians
over two years.
• The Lycée Grandmont de Tours (Indre-et-Loire) offers
a Bac STL - Biotechnology: the activities and teachings
dispensed are linked to the biotechnology sector and
focused on industrial production (agri-food, pharmaceu-
tical, cosmetic), services (health, research, water quality,
bio-industrial quality), and environment (health, ecology).
The University of Tours offers a Masters in Biology, health,
Food, specialism "Biotechnology and law", which has the
special feature of being directed at two categories of
students: legal practitioners and scientists. These students
gain further knowledge enabling them, for example, to
prepare patent applications or to manage the regulatory
element of biotechnological activity.
As for the University of Orléans, it offers two Biological
sciences Masters - Specialism Biochemistry-Molecular
biology and Biotechnology, one intended for professionals
and the other for research purposes.
The Bio3 Institute: a new training body in 2015Launched by the government, the Universities of Tours and
of Orléans, the IMT Group and the CROUS (Regional Centres
for University and School Affairs), the Bio3 Institute will be
dedicated to work-linked training courses for production
roles for biopharmaceuticals and biocosmetics. It is the
only project in France which exclusively focuses on training
in bioproduction, biocontrol and bioregulation of pharmaceu-
tical and cosmetic products produced by biotechnology.
Production, research, maintenance, regulation, etc. the
Bio3 Institute will deal with biotechnologies and cosmetic
bioactives in all their forms. 20 innovative training courses
with a focus on apprenticeships will be offered.
The Bio3 Institute will be set up on the new Tours university
site in Indre-et-Loire.
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
, and named up until re-
cently French Institute for
Cosmetic bioactives and
Biopharmaceuticals (IFBC)
24 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 25
The Centre region benefits from the presence of a profes-sional association, the GRÉPIC, and a national pharmaceutical production cluster, Polepharma.
Created in 1981, the GRÉPIC, Regional Grouping of Industrial
Pharmaceutical Establishments of the Centre region, plays
an organisational and uniting role in the pharmaceutical
sector in the Centre region. Based in Indre-et-Loire, the
Association under Law 1901 covers the Centre region and
also the neighbouring départements (Maine-Loire, Sarthe,
Yonne and Nièvre). It has some fifty members (pharma-
ceutical laboratories, CMOs, depositories, etc.).
Each year, the GRÉPIC, along with the LEEM4 and the ANSM5,
organises the Printemps de la Production Pharmaceutique
(Spring of Pharmaceutical Production) in partnership with
the IMT. These events now feature among the most important
dates of the year for the profession.
Polepharma, the national pharmaceutical production cluster
Created in 2002, Polepharma unites more than 160 members:
pharmaceutical laboratories, suppliers throughout the value
chain (from chemistry to distribution), training centres,
Universities, R&D centres, etc. Located in 4 regions (Centre,
Haute and Basse Normandie and Ile-de-France), Pole-
pharma is the leading pharmaceutical production basin
in Europe, representing almost 30,000 jobs and 53% of
pharmaceutical production in France.
The cluster's role is to stimulate the economic and industrial
development of players in the pharmaceutical sector by
means of measures promoting Competitiveness, Inno-
vation and Dynamism of the Network (cross-visits between
laboratories and suppliers, professional clubs and joint
stands at international reference fairs with the support of
Centréco). Made legitimate by its regional presence and how
representative it is, Polepharma is a source of proposals to
public authorities in terms of industrial health policy.
3.6. Cluster and professional association accompany regional companies
4- LEEM: French Federation of Pharmaceutical Companies5- ANSM: National Medicines Safety Agency
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
24 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre-Loire Valley region 25
The Centre region is home to 15 establishments specialising
in health care biotechnology, and also establishments specia-
lising in various industrial domains, notably environmental
protection and the agri-food sector.
Among them is Glycodiag which has 7 employees in Chevilly
in Loiret. The start-up, which has a platform dedicated to
applied glycoanalysis, operates in various fields - pharma-
ceutical, cosmetic and veterinary research, the agri-food
sector, and the environment. Its technology is used to
discover new therapeutic models and new markers.
Bertin Pharma, subsidiary of Bertin technologies, offers
services including the formulation of drugs, their evolution
in the body, the analytical development of investigational
medicines, as well as the manufacture of assay kits for
bioanalysis.
As a reminder, in 2008, the company bought the Orléans
(Loiret) company Biotec Centre, specialised in clinical
studies and pharmacokinetic, metabolism and bioanalysis
services.
Set up in Tours, the biotechnology business VitamFero
specialises in antiparasitic vaccinology. It notably designs
new veterinary vaccines for the prevention of ovine toxo-
plasmosis. Created in 2005, and acknowledged the same
year at the French National Innovative Business Creation
Competition, Vitamfero (10 employees) is currently working
on several projects in animal health and also in human
health. The company has many R&D partnerships with,
among others, British company Imaxio, Canadian company
Sirona Biochem and Merial, the biotech division of Sanofi.
In regard to production establishments, very few are oriented
towards the manufacture of biotechnology products. These
include Novo Nordisk (insulin), Recipharm (recombinant
hormone) and Leo Pharma (heparin). However, it should be
noted that these establishments do not manufacture active
ingredients, but package them.
Research of the CBM focussed on biological macromolecules
The CBM, Centre for Molecular Biophysics, is an intramural
unit of the CNRS, contracted with the University of Orléans.
It was founded in 1967 to set up collaboration between
chemists, biologists and physicists, with a research focus
on understanding the specific properties of biomacromo-
lecules. Its researchers seek insight into the structure,
dynamics and interactions of biomacromolecules, at
different levels: in vitro, in silico, in cellulo and in vivo. 130
people contribute to the various projects on DNA repair,
proteins linked to immunology and the structure of mole-
cules of living things.
3.7. Focus on biopharmaceuticals in the Centre region
THE DRUGS INDUSTRY IN THE CENTRE REGION
2726 - The pharmaceutical industry in the Centre region
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CENTRECOEconomic development and promotion agency for the Centre-Loire Valley region37 avenue de Paris
45000 Orleans – France
Tel.: +33 – (0)238 79 95 40
Email: invest@centreco-asso.com
Websites: www.centreco.regioncentre.fr /
www.investinloirevalley.com