The policies of China’s Rulers for the protectionagainst inner and outer treats.

TITLE:

KENDİR

INTRODUCTION

AIM:

Study the policies that China’s different Rulers adopted to

maintain their political power against the threats.

OUTLINE:

• The inner threats,

•Coping with the inner threats,

•Attacks that are made on the outer threats.

No emperor

Men of

letters opponents

Hwangti

bitterest

of

were hostile to

interest person.

who were

INSTEAD OF

ignoring

the opposition

men of letters

seeking

it

agency,

by the same

of

or

to overcome

by

Hwangti

hatred

contempt

the literary class

literature itself.

expressed his

and

of

and

Conficiusa Chinese philosopher

a teacher

values

Hwangti’s.

Which contradicts

with

who was

was

moralof

BECAUSE, behavior

people

&

Hwangti,

inspired

to speak out

rebel against

Conficius’

Hwangti

ideas

works

he

Hwangti.

attemted to destroy his

and

although

lied long before

he

The pacification

disarmanent

a general

Hwangticonquered

enemies

after

his internal

complete

by

Regular

armyclasses

physical strength profession.

is formed by recoursing to

exceptional fixed

thatwithouthas

Great wall of China,

wall of tears,

graveyard

the world.

largest

known as

is the

of

Before

Kublaidifficulty

Arikbuka,

he

operations

the Sungs.

his

composed

with

had resumed

against

KublaiWangtien

terms

&

he

intention

addressedcomplimentary

disclaimed

injuring

the Coreans.

all

in

of

ALTHOUGH

ancestors

generals

anywhere

the Mongols,

Litsong’s

hishas forbade

to attack

Litsong

himself

vassal

the truce

Kublai.

a Mongol

acknowledged

as

by terms of

with

EVEN IF

Kublai

Wochow;

the impassability

the Chinese,

laid siege to

in

is foundly believed by

He

impresion

the fortress

&

the truce

Litsong.

failed to make

agreed to

with

on

any

Tahaohoei

the offensive

&

Armusana

followers,

at once assumed

was abandoned byhis

asbye no!!

AS SOON AS ;

They

China

the whole

strength.

saw that

was putting forth

ofher

The armies

Keen Lung

the Gobi Desert

&

Asia.

central

of

traversed

arrived in

BUT ;

incapacity

generals

the campaigns

result.

those decesive

expected

of

his

presented

having

ALTHOUGH

Ma Julung

entrance

city

Yunanfoo,which is named

promptly effected

an

into

the

beforeforce

occupation

it

days

fighting

streets.

the

five

hard

the

in

was expelled

took

in

3I

may

2may

5

AFTER

authority

emperor

part

province,

every

of

had disappeared from

of

the

the

the

No emperor

failure

this bad

Mussulmans

contests

destruction

government.

the ofthe

by

to finish

led

finish

REFERENCE:

http://hamlin.cc.boun.edu.tr/~inelmen /china04.doc

TO: E.INELMEN

APPENDIX

Hwangti

great

administor

soldier

unfortunate

one struggle

successful

as an

was

who was

in

and

Palace of delight

residence

Hwangti

Hieyang.

principalwhich known as

of

was in

Hwangti

emperor

China

The Chinese

writting system.

a common

the first

unified

was

of

made

adopt

Wangtien

friend

would have remained

the mongols

something

the Coreans.

liberty

a

without

done

toof

The chinese emperor

him

proclamation

Great Khan

the mongols.

notify

of

his

as

of