Post on 23-Dec-2015
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The Romantic AgeThe Romantic Age
Values of RomanticismValues of Romanticism
Rejection of: simplicity, proportion and Rejection of: simplicity, proportion and restraint.restraint.
Romantics valued: Romantics valued:
Feeling, Intuition, Passion, Imagination, Feeling, Intuition, Passion, Imagination, SpontaneitySpontaneity
Revolutions and RightsRevolutions and Rights
1776-- American Revolution1776-- American Revolution
1789-- French Revolution1789-- French Revolution
Democracy, republicanism, equality before Democracy, republicanism, equality before the lawthe law
Congresses, presidencies, constitutions--Congresses, presidencies, constitutions--results of those conflictsresults of those conflicts
The Revolution in AmericaThe Revolution in America
American colonists’ resentment of British American colonists’ resentment of British controlcontrol
Declaration of Independence, 1776Declaration of Independence, 1776
Principles of Enlightenment--John Locke’s Principles of Enlightenment--John Locke’s Treatise on Civil GovernmentTreatise on Civil Government
Thomas Jefferson: equality, civil rights and Thomas Jefferson: equality, civil rights and popular sovereignty from popular sovereignty from philosophesphilosophes
Federalist Papers: Federalist Papers: authority of state; rights of authority of state; rights of individual--did not address slaveryindividual--did not address slavery
The Revolution in FranceThe Revolution in France
Louis XVI: Middle class delegates: “Oath Louis XVI: Middle class delegates: “Oath of the Tennis Court”of the Tennis Court”July 14: Bastille prison attachedJuly 14: Bastille prison attachedDeclaration of the Rights of Man and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen-- from Rousseau’s thoughtsCitizen-- from Rousseau’s thoughtsLiberte, Egalite, FraterniteLiberte, Egalite, Fraternite1793, beheading of monarchs1793, beheading of monarchsReign of Terror beganReign of Terror began
The Napoleonic EraThe Napoleonic Era
1799--disillusioned citizens1799--disillusioned citizens
New hero: Napoleon BonaparteNew hero: Napoleon Bonaparte
Dreams of imperial gloryDreams of imperial glory
Crowned himself emperor in 1804Crowned himself emperor in 1804
Campaign to conquer EuropeCampaign to conquer Europe
Defeated in 1814 at WaterlooDefeated in 1814 at Waterloo
Imprisoned for the rest of his life in St. HelenaImprisoned for the rest of his life in St. Helena
Napoleon and the ArtsNapoleon and the Arts
Imitated Roman emperors--Paris imperial Imitated Roman emperors--Paris imperial capital like Romecapital like Rome
Power advertised by arts and buildingsPower advertised by arts and buildings
Louvre--museum to pieces stolen from Louvre--museum to pieces stolen from conquered countriesconquered countries
Triumphal arches and columnsTriumphal arches and columns
La Madeleine--Greek templeLa Madeleine--Greek temple
Jacques-Louis David--Painter to the Jacques-Louis David--Painter to the EmpireEmpireCoronation scene and equestrian paintingCoronation scene and equestrian paintingBenoist’s Benoist’s Portrait of a Black WomanPortrait of a Black WomanCounterpoint to Canova’s sculpture of Counterpoint to Canova’s sculpture of Napoleon’s sister as VenusNapoleon’s sister as Venus
Colonial RevolutionariesColonial Revolutionaries
1793--Toussaint L’Ouverture led Haiti’s 1793--Toussaint L’Ouverture led Haiti’s revolt against the French--Napoleon revolt against the French--Napoleon imprisoned him.imprisoned him.
Simon Bolivar--wanted to create a United Simon Bolivar--wanted to create a United States of South America. Obtained States of South America. Obtained freedom for Venezuela, Colombia and freedom for Venezuela, Colombia and Peru.Peru.
The Romantic HeroThe Romantic Hero
Romantics preferred feeling and Romantics preferred feeling and imagination to intellect and reason. imagination to intellect and reason. Attracted to the picturesque in nature and Attracted to the picturesque in nature and the past; prized creativity and cast off the past; prized creativity and cast off neoclassical restraint and laws.neoclassical restraint and laws.
1775-18501775-1850
BeethovenBeethoven
Suffering romantic geniusSuffering romantic genius
Deafness at 25Deafness at 25
Pianist in Vienna, able to sell his Pianist in Vienna, able to sell his compositionscompositions
Symphony No. 3 Symphony No. 3 Eroica Eroica was the bridge was the bridge between Classical style and romantic stylebetween Classical style and romantic style
Added piccolo and trombone to the Added piccolo and trombone to the symphonic orchestrasymphonic orchestra
Symphony Number 5 in C MinorSymphony Number 5 in C Minor
Confrontation with fate: “Fate knocking at Confrontation with fate: “Fate knocking at the door”the door”
Motif: Term for short musical ideaMotif: Term for short musical idea
Musical VirtuososMusical Virtuosos
Paganini: violinPaganini: violin
Chopin: pianoChopin: piano
Schumann: Songs and symphoniesSchumann: Songs and symphonies
Clara Schumann: Lieder (songs)Clara Schumann: Lieder (songs)
Brahms: symphoniesBrahms: symphonies
Goethe and FaustGoethe and Faust
FaustFaust: romantic masterpiece drama in two : romantic masterpiece drama in two partsparts
Delacroix illustrated a French translationDelacroix illustrated a French translation
Schubert composed songs Schubert composed songs
Gounod: opera Gounod: opera Faust: Faust: Ambition to burst Ambition to burst all human constraint and indulge all human constraint and indulge unquenched desire for experienceunquenched desire for experience
Delacroix and the Byronic HeroDelacroix and the Byronic Hero
French more attracted to sensuality of French more attracted to sensuality of Lord Byron: Lord Byron: Don Juan, Don Juan, life of sexual life of sexual freedom, political idealism and exotic freedom, political idealism and exotic travel.travel.Intellectual and moral freedomIntellectual and moral freedomEugene Delacroix rebelled against the Eugene Delacroix rebelled against the academyacademyColor, drama and exotic themesColor, drama and exotic themes
Death of Sardanapalus Death of Sardanapalus andand Liberty Leading the PeopleLiberty Leading the People
Orgy of egoism, violence and sexualityOrgy of egoism, violence and sexuality
When threatened by rebellion he destroys When threatened by rebellion he destroys his possessions and himselfhis possessions and himself
Revolution of 1830 overthrew the Bourbon Revolution of 1830 overthrew the Bourbon king king
Unity of the classesUnity of the classes
Elements of RomanticismElements of Romanticism
Heroic individualism: Heroic individualism: FaustFaust and Lord Byron and Lord Byron
Protest against political and social injusticeProtest against political and social injustice
Attraction for nature and medieval timesAttraction for nature and medieval times
Fascination with evil and the exoticFascination with evil and the exotic
Sensibility that responded to historical Sensibility that responded to historical circumstancescircumstances
Romantic Social Protest: Romantic Social Protest: William BlakeWilliam Blake
Sympathetic observer of those enslaved Sympathetic observer of those enslaved by the industrial cityby the industrial city
Condemned the ills of urban existenceCondemned the ills of urban existence
Romantic FeminismRomantic Feminism
Mary Wollstonecraft: Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the A Vindication of the Rights of Women Rights of Women : Compared women to : Compared women to soldierssoldiersRevolutions did not liberate women. Revolutions did not liberate women. Napoleon’s legal code denied women the Napoleon’s legal code denied women the right to hold property right to hold property Western nations did not allow women to Western nations did not allow women to votevote
Goya and SpainGoya and Spain
Goya’s paintings depicted the senseless Goya’s paintings depicted the senseless brutality of warbrutality of war
Executions of the Third of May 1808Executions of the Third of May 1808
Christ-like martyr in whiteChrist-like martyr in white
Lamp: enlightenment (irony)Lamp: enlightenment (irony)
The Sleep of Reason Brings Forth The Sleep of Reason Brings Forth Monsters, Monsters, Romantic fascination with evilRomantic fascination with evil
The Romantics and NatureThe Romantics and Nature
Romantic landscapesRomantic landscapes
Constable: Constable: The Hay Wain The Hay Wain rustic rustic landscapeslandscapes
Turner: Turner: The Slave Ship Rain, Steam and The Slave Ship Rain, Steam and Speed: The Great Western RailwaySpeed: The Great Western Railway
Effects of fog and smokeEffects of fog and smoke
Romantic ExotismRomantic Exotism
Middle classes become strongMiddle classes become strongDrawn to exotic and grotesqueDrawn to exotic and grotesqueColonies overseas: Africa and AsiaColonies overseas: Africa and AsiaFascination with Arabic customs and dressFascination with Arabic customs and dressIngres: Disciple of David--Ingres: Disciple of David--The TurkishThe Turkish BathBathClassical figuresClassical figures
Berlioz’s Symphonie Berlioz’s Symphonie FantastiqueFantastique
Innovated with program music Innovated with program music (composition that tells a story or describes (composition that tells a story or describes a place)a place)Story of Irish actress who rejected himStory of Irish actress who rejected himFifth movement: musician is dead and his Fifth movement: musician is dead and his beloved joins the celebration in a witches’ beloved joins the celebration in a witches’ dancedanceThe macabreThe macabre
The Romantic NovelThe Romantic Novel
Fascination with evil and the demonic: Fascination with evil and the demonic: The Gothic novelThe Gothic novel
Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe
Charlotte and Emily BronteCharlotte and Emily Bronte
Mary Shelley’s Mary Shelley’s FrankensteinFrankenstein
Hero who suffers a conflict between his Hero who suffers a conflict between his God-like ambitions and moral blindnessGod-like ambitions and moral blindness