Post on 05-Jan-2016
transcript
The Rubik's Cube
From the history to the play
Table of Contents - Outline
• History- Invention- Inventor
• Ascent To Glory• The Rubik's Cube
- 3x3x3- Other Designs
• Number of Combinations• Solving the Cube
- Methods- The Fridrich Method- Notation
• Competitions• World Records
History - Invention
• Invented in 1974 by Ernő Rubik, in Hungary
• Patented in 1975
• It was originally used for understanding 3D objects
• Sold by Ideal Toy Corp.
History - The Inventor: Ernő Rubik
• Born in Budapest, Hungary, July 13, 1944
• Graduated from the Technical University in Architecture, in 1967
• Architect and professor of Architecture at the Budapest College of Applied Arts
• Currently, he is working on video games
Ascent To Glory - Growth in Popularity
• Won the Game Of The Year award in Germany, 1980
• Popularity grew worldwide• As of 2009, it became the top-selling puzzle of
all time with 350 million cubes sold!• The World Cube Association (WCA) was
created, in 2003, to organize competitions• Several of these competition are held annually
world-wide
The Rubik's Cube - 3x3x3
• Standard, original cube design, 3x3x3 dimensions
• Colors: White, yellow, red, orange, blue, green• Held together with a center 3D "cross", which
the centers are attached to • Consists of corner, edge and center pieces
Rubik's Cube - Other Designs
• Many other designs and dimensions, such as 5x5x5 or 7x7x7
• These cube are manufactured by other companies, such as DaYan
• Many other designs are improved versions of the 3x3x3
• Some rubik's cubes have different shapes altogether (triangles, flat tiles .etc...)
Number of Combinations
• 43 quintillion possible combinations!• Number comes from 8! * 37 (corner pieces) *(12! / 2) * 211 (edge pieces)• If there were the same number of cubes as
there are combinations, the cubes would cover the Earth 275 times!
Solving the Cube - Methods
• There are several methods to solve a cube• Optimal number of moves to solve is 20• The 20 moves are almost exclusively executed
by computers who can make calculations quickly
• The Fridrich Method is very popular• The Petrus Method and the Roux are also fairly
popular methods
Solving the Cube - The Fridrich Method
• Developed by Jessica Fridrich• 4 steps to completion• Step 1: Cross. Step 2: First Two Layers. Step 3: Orientation of the Last Layer. Step 4: Permutation of the Last Layer. (Done!)• Used for speedsolving, solving quickly
Solving the Cube - Notation
• "Moves" or rotations are classified in letters, for notation• R = Right side, L = Left side (Always clockwise)• R' = Right side inverted, L' = Left side
inverted ... etc. (Always counter-clockwise)• Y, X and Z are rotations of the entire cube by
axis
Competitions
• First World Championship held in Munich, March 13, 1981
• From 2003, organized by The World Cube Association
• Mandatory to use a Stackmat Timer, a timing device
• Many types of competitions, such as blindfolded, underwater, using feet, fewest moves etc.
World Records
• Fastest time: 5.55 seconds by Mats Valk• Best Average: 7.53 seconds by Feliks Zemdegs• Blindfolded: 26.36 seconds by Marcell Endrey• One Hand: 9.43 seconds by Giovanni Contardi• Robot: 5.27 seconds by CubeStormer II
Conclusion
• Invented over 30 years ago• Quintillions of combinations• Many variations of the cube and solving
methods• Dozens of competitions are held year-round• Lots of Fun!!!
Any Questions?