The Second Republic

(1848-1852)

Napoleon III1808-1873

The Second Empire

(1852-1870)

• War, Siege, the Commune(1870-1871)

Napoleon & Bismarck as friends

Napoleon III Surrenders to Bismarck

Napoleon III as Bismarck's prisoner

•A French cartoon entitled Entrée du Charlemagne moderne à Paris, depicting the German chancellor Bismarck, with Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany riding a pig (Napoleon) down the Champs Elysées in Paris, France.

France: Paris Commune

Hotel de Ville

Almanach Francais - the execution of members of the commune

The German princes swear allegiance to Wilhelm I. Bismarck is standing on the

steps.

The Third Republic

(1871-1940)

• Adolphe Thiers

1797-1877

Adolphe Thiers (1797-1877)

• Leon Gambetta

1838-1882

Léon Gambetta proclaimed Thiers 'liberator of land'

• Alfred Dreyfus

1859-1935

Leon Gambetta Marie Edmé Patrice de

MacMahon

• Giuseppe Mazzini 1805-1872 - Risorgimento

Giuseppe Mazzini Pope PiusIX

King Victor Emmanuel –King of Sardinia

• King Victor Emmanuel II

& Pope Pius IX

• Count Camillo

Benso di Cavour

1810-1861

• Giuseppe Garibaldi

1807-1882

“Red Shirts:

impresa dei Mille” –

(enterprise of one

thousand) –free the South

from the Bourbons

Garibaldi

Garibaldi & Mazzini

Garibaldi & King Victor Emmanuel

A contemporary British cartoon,

entitled "Right Leg in the Boot at Last,"

shows Garibaldi helping Victor

Emmanuel put on the Italian boot.

Victor Emmanuel Monument