Post on 25-Jan-2021
transcript
The Sense of Touch
=
The skin allows us to have the sense of touch
=
Protects the body from infection,
injury, and water loss.
•helps us regulate body temperature through perspiration.
•Without the nerve cells in our skin, we couldn't feel warmth, cold, or other sensations.
•Sweat- Cools off the body
•Goosebumps- keep the heat in.
The nerve endings in your skin can tell you if something is hot, cold, smooth or rough . They can also feel if something is hurting you. Your body has about twenty different types of nerve endings that all send messages to your brain.
•outer layer of our skin,
•It is the tough, protective outer layer.
•It is about as thick as a sheet of paper over most parts of the body.
•Constantly flaking off and being renewed
Middle layer of skin
The dermis contains….
1.Nerve endings-how things
feel
2.Blood vessels- carry blood
3.Oil glands- Produce Sebum
4.Sweat glands- produce sweat
Bottom layer1. made mostly of fat 2. helps your body stay warm3. absorb shocks4. Each hair on your body grows out of
a tiny tube in the skin called a follicle
5. Every follicle has its roots way down in the subcutaneous layer and continues up through the dermis.
The Skin
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Subcutaneous
5. Sweat Gland
4. Oil Gland
6. HairNerves 7.
Blood Vessels 8.
Fat Cells 9.
Tongue
Brain Nose
The Tongue
- Tongue is the sense organ that detects flavor.
- Inside the grooves there are many taste buds which are taste receptors.
Magnified
tastebud
Papillae
Microscopic view oftaste buds (x100)
brain
food
sensory cell
Eat
Speech Taste
The tongue moves and pushes a
small bit of food along with
saliva into your esophagus,
which is a food pipe that leads
from your throat to your
stomach.
• The top of your tongue is covered with a layer of
bumps called papillae
• . Papillae help grip food and move it around while
you chew.
• They contain your taste buds, so you can taste
everything.
file://localhost/Volumes/USB DISK/5th Grade/Health/The senses/Swallowing.MOVfile://localhost/Volumes/USB DISK/5th Grade/Health/The senses/Swallowing.MOV
Process to taste food
- Flavoring chemicals in food dissolve in the
saliva
- Stimulates the taste buds to send messages
to the brain.
- Messages are sent to the brain to give us the
taste of the food
chemicalsin food
sensory cell
- Humans have four kinds of taste buds.
- They can detect four kinds of tastes:
sweet, sour, salty and bitter.
- Each kind of taste buds is not evenly distributed on the tongue.
Thus, certain parts of the tongue are
more sensitive to a particular taste
than the others.
sweet
bitter
sour
salty
Nose Brain
How do we smell ?
- Nose is the sense organ that detects smell.
- There are millions of smell receptors inside
our nose.
nasal cavity
Smell
Breathe Taste
Magnify
chemicalsin food
nasal cavity
nerve
Brain
sensory cell
mucus lining
inside
Process to smell food
- When we breathe, some chemicals enter our
nose
=> chemicals dissolve in the mucus
=> stimulate the smell receptors to produce
messages
=> These messages are sent to the brain to
give us the odor of the food.
Some chemicals in the food diffuse into the air.
We use both smell and taste to detect the flavor of food.
Holding your nose can help take away unpleasant taste of food.
Why do warm foods have stronger flavor than cold foods?
This is because when food is heated, more chemicals in food diffuse into the air.
Some medicine is unpleasant to take. You can hold your nose while taking the medicine. This helps take awaythe unpleasant feeling.
Our tongue can only distinguish about 4 different tastes. But our nose can distinguish about 4000 different chemicals.
Thus, when our nose is also used to sense the food, the food ‘tastes’ better.Our nose can tell us not only the sweet
taste of ice-cream, but also whether it is chocolate flavour or not.
Why do the elders like to take in food with strong flavor?
It’s too salty!
This is because the senses of smell and taste of
the elders are weaker.
Food with strong flavor tastes good to the elders.
Ear Brain
HearingBalance
Structures of the ear
The OUTER EAR
________________: (pinna) Collects sound waves
________________: sound waves pass through to the ear drum.
Ear Lobe
Ear Canal
Structures of the ear
Ear Drum
Ossicles
The MIDDLE EAR
________________: thin membrane that vibrates( stretched across the ear canal)
________________: three small bones which help carry the sound waves (hammer, anvil, and stirrup)
Structures of the ear
Cochlea
Semicircular Canal
The Inner EAR
________________: coiled tube in the inner ear (snail shaped) filled with liquid and hair like cells.
________________: three small tubes in the inner ear which control your balance
________________: carries impulses from the ear to the brainAuditory Nerve
How does it all work?
1. ____________________ are collected in the outer ear.
2. Sound waves pass through our _________________ and cause our ear drum to vibrate.
3. These _________________________ are sent to our inner ear by the ossicles. (small bones in the middle ear)
4. The vibrations reach the ______________________. The fluid in the cochlea begins to move, this motion results in the hair cells sending a signal along the auditory nerve to the brain.
5. Our __________________ receives these impulses and interprets them as a type of sound.
Sound Waves
Ear Canal
Vibrations
Brain
Cochlea
Ear Problems
1. ____________________ in the middle ear are the most common ear problems. Germs from colds in the nose or throat can spread through the Eustachian tube in the middle and inner ear.
2. Hearing loss and deafness- This can result from injury, disease, birth defects, and very loud noises.
• ___________________________: is someone who is specially trained to test and help with the problems related to hearing loss.
Audiologist
Infections
Eye Brain
Sight
Structures of the eye
Cornea
Iris
Cornea
Optic Nerve________________: Transparent coating which covers the iris and the pupil at the front of the eye.
________________: The colored part of the eye that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
Structures of the eye
Pupil
Lens
________________: The opening at the center of the iris.(hole)
________________: A clear part of the eye behind the iris that helps to focus light, or an image on the retina
Optic Nerve
Cornea
Optic Nerve
________________: The light-sensitive tissue lining at the back of the eye. The retina converts light into electrical impulses that are sent to the brain through the optic nerve)
________________: A bundle of more than one million nerve fibers that carries visual messages from the retina to the brain.
Optic Nerve
Structures of the eye
Retina
Optic Nerve
Cornea
How does it all work?
1. ____________________ bounce off an object you are looking at.
2. Light then enters through the outer part of the eye, called the ___________________.
3. Next, light rays go through an opening called the _____________.
4. Light passes through the lens on its way to the back of the eye.
5. The retina sees the world upside down, but the ___________ turns it right side up.
6. When you look at an object, each eye sees a slightly different picture. The brain combines the images into one picture.
Light Rays
Cornea
Pupil
Brain
Eye Problems
1. ____________________ It can cause redness, itching, inflammation or swelling, and a clear or white, yellow, or greenish gooey liquid to collect in the eyes.
2. ____________________ someone can see stuff that's near, like a book, but has trouble seeing stuff that's far away.
3. ____________________ someone can see stuff that's far away, but has trouble seeing up close, like reading the print in a book.
4. ____________________ A misshaped cornea or lens causing objects to look blurry
Pinkeye
Farsighted
Nearsighted
Astigmatism
Eye Care
1.Visiting an ____________________ (a medical doctor who specializes in examining, diagnosing, and treating eyes)at least every 2 years
2.Wearing sunglasses 3.Wearing protective eyewear whenever you play
sports 4.Take breaks from the computer, video games, or
watching TV1.staring for a long time — can strain your eyes.
5.Never share eye glasses or eye care products
ophthalmologist
Presented by: Dr. Raj SharmaThank yu