Post on 22-Jul-2016
description
transcript
InterventIons for the sustaInable Development of archItectural herItage
the example of the soDa fabrIek In schIeDam, nl
1. Problem Statement
Buildings contribute ~30% of total global greenhouse emissions [UN Environment Program]
Buildings consume ~35 % of total world energy [IEA]
~65% of existing buildings are more than 40 years old [CBS]
15,10%
14,30%
11,90%
58,70%
1996 - 2005
1986 - 1995
1976 - 1985
<1975
Non-residential Building Stock Age
11,60%
35,40%
30,90%
13,60%
7,30%
>1990
1970 - 1990
1945 - 1969
1919 - 1944
<1919
Residential Building Stock Age
62.000 + Rijksmonumenten in the NL
2. Problem Statement
3. Intro - Boundary Conditions
“Which are the more appropriate technical interventions on the envelope of the Soda Fabriek in Schiedam in order to reduce the energy needed to condition the building”
• What is the historical significance of the Soda Fabriek and how does it define the interven-
tion possibilities?
• What is the current state of the building?
• What is the framework in which architectural heritage can be dealt with?
• Is it possible to upgrade the Soda Fabriek’s energy performance without insulating the
walls? To what degree?
• How do the different interventions on the building’s envelope affect energy distribution in
the building and ultimately the energy consumption to condition the building?
• Are these interventions enough for the Soda Fabriek and what other impacts do these in-
terventions have for the building?
• What other factors affect energy consumption for conditioning the building?
Koerland BuildingLijfland Building
Tuinlaan
Mak
kers
stra
at
4. The Soda Fabriek
Exposed Brick Masonry
NE Facade
SE Facade
Wooden Floor & Roof Construction
Wooden, Single Glazed, Fixed Windows
Corrugated Asbestos Sheets Roof
•What is the current state of the building?
5. Current Condition
~70% of interior needs to be replaced
components neces-sary to be replaced
components that could be replaced with new ones in the same form
components that should be conserved to remain in place
•What is the historical significance of the Soda Fabriek and how does it define the intervention possibilities?
•What is the current state of the building?
6. Conservation best practice
• Multidisciplinarity
• PermanentMaintenance
• MinimalIntervention
• Respecttothehistory
• Reversibility
• DistinctiveandContemporaryIntervention
• Re-use
• Documentation
•What is the framework in which architectural heritage can be dealt with?
7. Precedence
Case Goals
Energy Label C
Energy Label A
minimal insulation 25mmframes maintained - glazing replaced
Heat PumpFloor and Wall HeatingNatural VentilationBackup system with Heat Recovery
Heat PumpWall HeatingDecentralizedVentilationsystem with Heat Recovery
90% Carbon Emissions reduction
13 kWh/m2
39.9 kWh/m2
45.7 kWh/m2
27.7 kWh/m2Conditioning
System Tot
System Tot
HeatingHeat PumpFloor HeatingCentralized Ventilation sys-tem with Heat Recovery
frames and glazing main-tained
frames and glazing main-tained - triple glazed win-dow added to the inside
thorough internal insulation
Extreme internal and exter-nal insulation insulation
Lower Carbon EmissionsEnergy Neutrality
Renovation with Passive House Stand-ards15 kWh/m2 per year
Insulation Openings Instalations Results
DeTempel,The Hague
Huis de Witte Roos,Delft
Latijnse School, Middelburg
8. Interventions
Model #1 - Existing Situation Model #2 - Wall Insulation Model #3 - Roof & Ground InsulationWindow Replacement
Model #4 - Trombe Wall Model #5 - Glass Roof
•How do the different interventions on the building’s envelope affect energy distribution in the building and ultimately the energy consumption to condition the building?
9. Proposed Reuse
wellness center/yoga
bed & breakfast
o�ce space
o�ce space
workshops
horeca
P
exhibition space
•Constant
10. Proposed Installations
ground heat source
Zones bigger than 30m2 use underfloor heating [water temperature inside in-floor tubes between 30 and 50 oC]
Zones smaller than 30m2 use water radi-ators [water temperature inside radiator 45oC
ground source heat pump [COP ~4]
Air Handling Unit [Mechanical Fresh Air Supply with Heat Recovery system - HR COP 0.7] Glass Roof System Variation
•Constant
11. Model #1 - Exhisting Situation [Control] - Winter
-27.7 kW
-35,6 kW
-15,5 kW
-60,5 kW
-1,2 kW
-9 kW
292,1 kW
-154,7 kW
-9 kW
asbestos sheet
timber sheathing
timber floor boards
timber floor structure
timber roof structure
fixed wooden window [single glazing]
solid brick wall [external]
concrete ground floor slab
Electricity for Heating - kWh/m2 Auxiliary System Energy - kWh/m2 Heat Recovered - kWh/m2
39,70 21,21 39,60
12. Model #1 - Existing Situation [Control] - Summer
-4 kW
10,9 kW
-9,9 kW
-8,5 kW
14 kW
-12.4 kW
3.9 kW
4,6 kW
-6,7 kW
3.5 kW
10,2 kW
-6,4 kW
-1,1 kW
-1.3 kW
-17.4 kW
-14 kW
25,7 kW
16.1 kW
-13,7 kW
-6,6 kW
9.5 kW
67,78
Zone Cooling - kWh/m2 Setpoint not met during Cooling - Hours Setpoint not met during Heating
6.209,501.343,00
•Is it possible to upgrade the Soda Fabriek’s energy performance without insulating the walls? To what degree?
13. Model #2 - Wall Insulation - Winter
-28,3 kW
-35,1 kW
-15,7 kW
-11,9 kW
0,1 kW
-8,5 kW
232,5 kW
-141,9 kW0,4 kW
-8,3 kW
asbestos sheet
timber sheathing
timber floor boards
timber floor structure
timber roof structure
fixed wooden window [single glazing]
solid brick wall [external]
concrete ground floor slab
XPS insulation 100mm
39,7039,18
21,2119,34
39,6052,06
Electricity for Heating - kWh/m2 Auxiliary System Energy - kWh/m2 Heat Recovered - kWh/m2
67,774,7
14. Model #2 - Wall Insulation - Summer
-3.9 kW
3.2 kW
11.4 kW
-10 kW
-7.6 kW
-10.4 kW
4.5 kW
4,9 kW
-6,7 kW
8.6 kW
8.8 kW
-6,1 kW
-0,9 kW
-16.3 kW
-15.3 kW
16.1 kW
-11.6 kW
24.1 kW -5.8 kW
0.6 kW
8.6 kW
6.209,506.001,50
1.343,001.708,50
88
Zone Cooling - kWh/m2 Setpoint not met during Cooling - Hours Setpoint not met during Heating
zinc coated steel sheet cladding
15. Model #3 - Roof, Ground & Window Insulation - winter
-2.4 kW
-14.7 kW
-8.6 kW
-61,5 kW
0.4 kW
4.9 kW
245.8 kW
-160,1 kW
-4.9 kW
timber floor boards
timber floor structure
timber roof structure
solid brick wall [external]
concrete ground floor slab
XPS insulation 200mm
prefab roof panel with 200 mm of XPS insulation and water-
proofing layer
operable wooden window double glazing 6-13-6 mm
filled with air
sand-cement finishing screed
21,2117,69
39,7034,61
39,6066,09
Electricity for Heating - kWh/m2 Auxiliary System Energy - kWh/m2 Heat Recovered - kWh/m2
0.5 kW
-4.69
-3.4 kW
6.4 kW
-7.5 kW
-0.8 kW
4.7 kW
-7.6 kW
4.3 kW
5.7 kW
-0.2 kW
-3.1 kW
1 kW
-1.4 kW
-10 kW
-4.5 kW
24.5 kW
11.3 kW
-15.7 kW
-2.2 kW
2 kW
6.209,505.162,50
1.343,001.682,50
67,7875,07
Zone Cooling - kWh/m2 Setpoint not met during Cooling - Hours Setpoint not met during Heating
16. Model #3 - Roof, Ground & Window Insulation - summer
17. Model #4 - Trombe Wall - Winter
asbestos sheet
timber sheathing
timber roof structure
solid brick wall [external]
concrete ground floor slab
single glazing curtain wall with aluminum structure
curtain wall reinforced concrete foundation
NE facade
SE facade
SW facade
-14.3 kW
-46.3 kW
-18.2 kW
-15.3 kW
-24.5 kW
0.5 kW
1.8 kW
314.3 kW
-198.3 kW
-3 kW
asbestos sheet
timber sheathing
timber roof structure
solid brick wall [external]
concrete ground floor slab
single glazing curtain wall with aluminum structure
curtain wall reinforced concrete foundation
18. Model #4 - Trombe Wall - Winter
21,2160,80
39,70
42,7239,60
0,00
Electricity for Heating - kWh/m2 Auxiliary System Energy - kWh/m2 Heat Recovered - kWh/m2
19. Model #4 - Trombe Wall - Summer
-3 kW
-2.1 kW
27.6 kW
4.9 kW
-17.2 kW
-4.7 kW
4.6 kW
-12.6 kW
12.1 kW
-13.1
2.8 kW
-9.1 kW
8 kW
2 kW
-7.9 kW
0.1 kW
-22 kW
-10.6 kW
21.7 kW
-17.1 kW
6.6 kW
-67,78
-142,83
6.209,507.582,00
1.343,00725,00
Zone Cooling - kWh/m2 Setpoint not met during Cooling - Hours Setpoint not met during Heating
NE 57.486,57 kWh 263.70 kWh/m2
SE 113.240,04 kWh 471.83 kWh/m2
SW 76.496,95 kWh 380.58 kWh/m2
20. Model #5 - Glass Roof - Winter
-14.15 kW
-25.4 kW
-33.7 kW
-15,5 kW
-60,5 kW
5.3 kW
3.3 kW
328.7 kW
-208 kW
-19.6 kW
single glazed aluminum gables
steel roof structure
timber floor boards
timber floor structure
fixed wooden window [single glazing]
solid brick wall [external]
concrete ground floor slab
21,2139,63
39,70
33,20
39,60
277,23
Electricity for Heating - kWh/m2 Auxiliary System Energy - kWh/m2 Heat Recovered - kWh/m2
21. Model #5 - Glass Roof - Summer
-24.5 kW
-13.5 kW
-6.5 kW
-5.4 kW
-13.3 kW
-6.7 kW
4.4 kW 13.6 kW
11.4 kW
-48.51 kW
112.6 kW
-10 kW
-3.1 kW
-11.9 kW
-17.1 kW
-16.6 kW
35.5 kW
15.9 kW
-28.2 kW
-6.8 kW
44.9 kW
6.209,50
5.661,50
1.343,00
2.553,50-67,78
-68,13
Zone Cooling - kWh/m2 Setpoint not met during Cooling - Hours Setpoint not met during Heating
Lijfland 132.168,00 kWh 349.4 kWh/m3
Coerland 97.715,82 kWh 164.20 kWh/m3
22. Comparison
Model #1 Model #2 Model #3 Model #4 Model #5
Electricity for Heating - kWh/m2
Improvement - %
Auxiliary System Energy - kWh/m2
Heat Recovered - kWh/m2
Zone Cooling - kWh/m2
Discomfort-Hours
39.18
1.3%
34.61
12.8%
33.20
16.4%
42.72
-7.6%
39.70
19.34 17.69 39.6360.8021.21
52.06 66.09 277.230.0039.60
-74.78 -75.07 -68.13-142.83-67.78
2343 2219.5 26513201.62641
•How do the different interventions affect energy consumption?
23. Conclusion - Comfort
DiscomfortHours
2.641,00
2.343,00
2.219,50
3.201,60
2.651,00
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
•Are these interventions enough? What other impacts do these interventions have for the building?
24. Conclusion - Installations
35,0
2/6,
06
39,2
2/9,
96
23,7
1/6,
77
39,7
0/20
,50
42,7
1/60
,80
33,2
0/38
,88
ControlT rombeWall
Glass Roof ControlT rombeWall
Glass Roof
Ven la on Requirement Design Heat Load
Varia on in the sizing parameter of the Ven la on System
Energy for Fansopera on kWh/m2
Energy consumedfor Hea ngkWh/m2
Solar Gains16%
Internal Gains [Equipment,
Occupancy]84%
Source of Heat Gains [kWh/m2]
1900 m2 2100 m2
39.9 kWh/m2 52.3 kWh/m2
Building Area Building Area
System Total Energy System Total Energy
•What other factors affect energy consumption for conditioning the building?
39,70
33,20
32,56
22,77
11,39
Control
Glass Roof
GR_Wall Ins
GR_RGW ins
GR_Full Ins
25. Conclusion - Combination Models
“Which are the more appropriate interventions on the envelope of the Soda Fabriek?
2
2
2
3
3 35
5
5
+
+
+
+ +
25% energy
40% comfort
42% energy
1.5% comfort
18% energy
4% comfort
71% energy
10% comfort
Greenhouse Gass Emmissions
2014 - € 2.4 mil on building conservation subsidies
Renewable Energy Use
Energy Efficiency
-20%
-17.9%
20%
14.1%
20%
12.8%
Europe 2020
2013 Progress
26. The Bigger Picture
EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective[2010]
ToledoDeclarationofEUMemberStates[2010]
EU Urban Agenda [still under development]
All stress the importance of energy upgrading
the exhisting building stock as well as the
sustainability of Arhitectural Heritage
27. The Bigger Picture
architecturaldesign
history + archaeology
structuraldesign
climatedesign
materialscience
economics
buildingphysics
+ Refurbishment
27. The Bigger Picture
architecturaldesign
history + archaeology
structuraldesign
climatedesign
materialscience
sustainableheritage
economics
strategic
technical
cultural
buildingphysics
+
thank You