THE STRUCTURE OF A MOOD

The Structure of a Mood

FUNCTIONS OF EMOTIONSEmotions and Rationality :-

Emotions are critical to rational thought: they help in understanding the world around us.

Evolutionary Psychology:- Theory that emotions serve an evolution purpose: helps in survival of the gene pool.The theory is not universally accepted

SOURCES OF EMOTIONS AND MOOD

PERSONALITYMoods and emotions have a trait component: most people have built-in tendencies to experience certain moods and emotions more frequently than others do. People also experience the same emotions with different intensities. Contrast Arsenal coach Arsene Wenger to Microsoft CEO Bill Gates. One is easily moved to anger, while the other is relatively distant and unemotional. Wenger and Gates probably differ in affect intensity, or how

strongly they experience their emotions. affect intensity, or how strongly they experience their

emotions. Affectively intense people experience both positive

and negative emotions more deeply: when they’re sad, they’re really sad, and when they’re happy, they’re really happy.

DAY OF WEEK AND TIME OF DAYMore positive interactions are likely to occur mid-day and later in the week.

WEATHERNo impact according to research.

STRESSIncreased stress worsens mood.

Social Activities Physical, informal, and epicurean activities increase positive mood.

SleepLack of sleep increases negative emotions and impairs decision making.

MORE SOURCESEXERCISE

oMildly enhances positive mood.

AGEoOlder people experiences negative emotions less frequently.

GENDERoWomen show greater emotional expression, experience emotions more intensely and display more frequent expressions of emotions.oCould be due to socialization.

EMOTIONAL LABOUR

An employee’s expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.

Emotional dissonance is when an employee has to project one emotion while simultaneously feeling another.

FELT VS. DISPLAYED EMOTIONSFelt Emotions:- the individual’s actual emotions.

Displayed Emotions:- the learned emotions that the organization requires workers to show and considers appropriate in a given job.

Surface Acting is hiding one’s true emotions Deep Acting is trying to change one’s feelings based on display rules.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE(EI)A person’s ability to:Be self-aware (to recognize his or her own emotions as experienced)Detect emotions in others, andManage emotional cues and information.

Moderately associated with high job performanceThe ability, capacity, or skill to perceive, assess, and manage the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON TRIAL

The case for:-

Intuitive appeal – it makes sense

EI predicts criteria that matter –positively correlated to high job performance

Study suggests that EI is neurologically based

The case against:- EI is too vague a concept EI can’t be measured EI is so closely related to

intelligence and personality that it is not unique when those factors are controlled

OB APPLICATIONS OF EMOTIONS AND MOODS

Selection – Employers should consider EI a factor in hiring for jobs that demand a high degree of social interaction.

Decision Making – Positive emotions can increase problem-solving skills and help us understand and analyze new information.

Creativity – Positive moods and feedback may increase creativity.

MORE OB APPLICATIONS OF EMOTIONS AND MOODS

•Motivation – Promoting positive moods may give a more motivated workforce•Leadership – Emotions help convey messages more effectively•Negotiation – Emotions may impair negotiator performance•Customer Service – Customers “catch” emotions from employees, called emotional contagion

KEEP IN MIND…

Positive emotions can increase problem-solving skills.

People with high EI may be more effective in their jobs.

Managers need to know the emotional norms for each culture they do business with.

HOW CAN MANAGERS INFLUENCE MOODS?

oUse humor to lighten the moment.oGive small tokens of appreciation.oStay in a good mood themselves – lead by example.oHire positive people.