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7/27/2019 The Synergy Between Design and Technology
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The Synergy between
Design and Techn ology;
Beckon ing for Engagement_______________________
C3184726
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2/14
In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
1
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
7/27/2019 The Synergy Between Design and Technology
3/14
In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
2
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
Contents:ABSTRACT: ............................................................................................................................................ 3
ESSAY: ................................................................................................................................................... 4
REFERENCE:........................................................................................................................................ 11
7/27/2019 The Synergy Between Design and Technology
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In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
3
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
Abstract:
The evolution of technology has consistently pushed design into a new era of infinite
boundaries, where designers are able to manipulate individual human responses. Known
as interactive architecture, viewers are invited and encouraged to participate within a
designed environment. This thread subsequently allows the designer to create a
mesmerizingly ephemeral and transient experience between both entities through an
assemblage of modern day technology, graphic design, sound and visionary aesthetics.
This paper titled The Synergy between Design and Technology; Beckoning for
Engagement, investigates the semiotics behind interactive architecture and its ground
breaking development throughout history which has revolutionized the 21st century. The
information, which has been embedded within this essay, has been sourced through a
variety of primary, secondary and tertiary resources, which evocatively discuss the
possibilities of interactive architecture. The main source referenced in this essay is a
journal article produced by IDN magazine titled Shedding New Light on the Art of the
Impossible and novel Interactive Architecture by Michael Fox and Miles Kemp. Both of
these sources discuss a variety of ground-breaking technological advances in digital
computing, motion sensors interfaces and programming; which have allowed designers
to create astonishing interactive environments which are not only visually engaging butalso enable memories and a sense of community to be developed within their audience.
The following paper correspondingly dissects the contextual upbringing of architecture,
by assessing the philosophical characteristics of the traditional methodical and utopian
characteristics of modernist architecture during 1890 to 1940 and compares it to the
ideologies of post modernism (1940 to today). In doing so, this essay highlights how post
modernism in design challenged the pre-existing rules of architecture, subsequently
allowing digital technologies, sensory imagery and virtual spatiality to grow in the form of
Interactive Architecture.
Furthermore, this essay concludes by evaluating Michael Mozers Adaptive Home and
Microsofts groundbreaking Microsoft Home. Both of these designers use ground
breaking technology to create interactive architectural environments outside of a gallery
context in public areas and embody the characteristics of contemporary postmodernism.
7/27/2019 The Synergy Between Design and Technology
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In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
4
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
Essay:
Described as anobject with a roof and walls for human habitation, buildings eminently
communicate with human beings. Buildings describe and define the types of people we
become, they build our environment and internally affect our experiences and
environmental upbringing. This essay provides a detailed analysis and review into the
changes, which have occurred since the 1920s modernist architecture movement to
today. Conveying a juxtaposition of the cold harsh barren landscape and charisma of the
international style to the warm welcoming community building aesthetics of the
postmodernist contemporary architecture. Discussing the notable Villa Sovoye created by
Le Corbusier and Minoru Yamasakis Pruitt-Igoe buildings, which collectively epitomize
the plain functionality, geometric aesthetics and regimented rules and principles of the
modernist movement. Both of these buildings emblematically accentuate how modernism
in architecture failed to positively fulfill the utopian dream of society during the 1920s and
30s. The downfall and urban failure which these two buildings caused is compared to the
rising technological advances and growth in architectural designs of today which
evocatively create interactive and adaptive environments for their occupants to enjoy.
After the chaos and disparity of World
war two, at least 15% of urban Europeanpopulations were left poverty stricken, living
in urban slums. The realities of these dark,
isolating prisons subsequently caused many
architects to develop an idea of a utopian
dream. This booming concept,
communicated that through urban planning
and designing architects could create
desirable living conditions, which would
internally aid working conditions and
availability to public health. Modernistarchitects evoked that this improvement
could simply be made through the power of
sunlight and fresh air in European buildings.
Nederlands architect Jacobus Oud ruled A
fundamental starting point. Is to situate the
houses in relation to the sun. (Jacobus Oud, 1932.Turton, International Style, page 17.)
Figure 1.
Large windows and outdoor areas at VillaSovoye
Source: Architectural Review, Peter
Buchanan, 2012.
7/27/2019 The Synergy Between Design and Technology
6/14
In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
5
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
Figure 2.
Rust stained balconies at the
Bauhaus School
Source: Kahn, 1998.
Some modernists, like Le Corbusiers went as far to say that th rough the incorporation of
sun balconies and terraces one could discover theantidote to the diseases of the modern city,
tuberculosis and rickets. (Jacobus Oud,1932.
Turton, International Style, page 17.) As seen in
Figure 1. This obsessive fixation with the curative
powers of the sun resulted in many modernist
architects featuring too much glass in their
designs, which when put into practice caused the
interior of the building to become over heated.
Similarly the popular feature of concrete roof
terraces, caused issues in winter, as they wereunable to be used. This mle of man vs. nature
ultimately caused the modernist architectural
dream buildings to become undesirable dis-
coloured and rust stained eyesores within society
as seen in Figure 1. of The Bauhaus School. Thus
overall the ambition of this dream failed to consider
and cater for the social dynamics of humanity and
interactions.
Villa Soyage created by Le Corbusiers prominently conveys how the modernist
dream within architecture ultimately failed. 1918, Le Corbusiers developed the theory of
Purism which sought to refine and simplified architectural design by forbidding
unnecessary ornamentation, which in his view ultimately prevented the pure form of
constructive materials to be viewed. In doing so, Corbusier created an algorithm of strict
rules and principles, which allowed architectural buildings to be created with factory and
industry precision and efficiency through the application of glass, steel and concrete. This
concept of Purism is undoubting conveyed in Corbusiers groundbreaking book titled
Vers une Architecture(1923.) which passionately intones his ideal view ofa house as amachine for living in.(Le Corbusier, 1927.) Preaching that society could be standardized
and come back from the horrible effects of world war two. By removing traditional
domestic architectural features of ornamentation, modernist buildings were left
unprotected and exposed against the temperamental wilds of the weather. Villa Soyage
was notoriously known for its negative climatic features which prevented its residents
from comfortably living within their house. Removing creature comforts from the domestic
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In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
6
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
interior of Villa Soyage Corbusier effectively disabled himself from truly igniting a home
which communicated with the residents and allowed them to create a comfortable
environment.
This failure is typified through Corbusiers
addiction and thorough abidance to his five
points towards new architecture in the
amalgamation of Villa Sovaye. For instance
due to the poor construction of the house
and complex flat roof terraces and balconies,
Villa Sovoye experience many leaks. As
explained by Madame Sovaye It is raining in
the hall, its raining on the ramp and the wall
of the garage is absolutely soaked [.] itsstill raining in my bathroom, which floods in
bad weather. (Media Culture Journal, Vol.
12, No. 4 'Climate'.) The house was overall
damp, cold and isolating due to large
openness of the rooms, large glazed windows and the poor quality materials used to
construct the ceilings and walls. Corbusiers lack of foresight into how the natural
environment would interact with his design and building material selections negatively
impacted on the overall ambiance and comfort of the house. In fact the outcome of these
living conditions were far from Le Corbusiers ultimately utopian dream and urban
planning scheme which seeked to improve public health conditions and clearly brought
inadequate amounts of sunshine and fresh air. As Van Doesburh states Le Corbusiers
architecture disrupted the wall and in doing so destroyed the division between inside and
outside(Van Doesburh, 192, H.N. Abrams. New York: 1971. Pg. 187) inhibiting it from
performing its duty roles as a home which in Corbusiers own words is suppose to
provide shelter against heat, cold and rain; a receptacle for light and sun; and provide a
certain number of cell appropriate to cooking, work and personal life. (Le Corbusier in
De Boton, 2006:57.)
Figure 3.
Leaking Bathroom is Villa Sovoye
Source: Andrea Gaffney, 2008.
7/27/2019 The Synergy Between Design and Technology
8/14
In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
7
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
Figure 5.
Pruitt-Igoe Slums
Source: Pruitt-Igoe Myth Documentary,
2011
Another prime example of modernistarchitectures inability to create positively
welcoming environments is conveyed through
the history and effects of Minoru Yamasakis
Pruitt-Igoe public housing scheme in 1950.
Based on Le Corbusiers principles Pruitt-Igoe
today disreputably marks the death of the
modernist dream, after being demolished in
1971. Pruitt-Igoe consisted of thirty-three
eleven-story high-rise blocks made up of
small individual apartments. Yamasaki placedmultiple large corridors, outdoor balconies,
communal rooms (e.g. Laundromat) and
elevators within his design to increase social
interaction between the communities of
residents. However due to low socio-
economic patterns and poverty, which existed
within the community of St Louis, Pruitt-Igoe
became synopsis for crime. These corridors,
which attempted to encourage residents to
interact with each other, contrastingly
provided a perfect opportunity for muggings
and offences to occur. The architectural hubris
became stripped of its residents, vandalized
and segregated within society. (Figure 4 and
5.) As identified by Architectural Forum in 1951 which described the building as a
ramshackle houses jammed with peopleand rats and vertical neighborhoods for poor
people. ("Slum Surgery in St. Louis," Architectural Forum 1951: page 128-136.) Pruitt-
Igoe significantly exposes how Modernists architects fixation with purism and rationalism
disabled them from appropriately designing an environment and building which suited the
needs and facilities of the society it was being placed within.
Figure 4.Pruitt-Igoe Vandalised
Source: Pruitt-Igoe Myth Documentary,
2011
7/27/2019 The Synergy Between Design and Technology
9/14
In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
8
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
Figure 6.
The Adaptive House
Source:http://www.cs.colorado.edu , 1990.
Figure 7.
The Adaptive House sensory panel
Source:http://www.cs.colorado.edu , 1997.
Through the evolution of technology and sociology, architecture has made
groundbreaking developments, where designers are able to manipulate and create
interactive human environments, which send a positive atmosphere to its inhabitants. By
looking to the fails of modernism, post modernism came to life, identifiably understanding
the need for human interaction within architecture. Interactive architecture creates avariety of dynamic environments and objects which are able to communicate a certain
message or emotion amongst its viewers, through pragmatic and humanistic features.
These complex motions and connections have been made conceivable through
contemporary architects ability to adapt a postmodern mindset, evaluating their
agenda/audience and understanding the extensive ability of computation, which exists
today. This computation technology fundamentally allows architectural designs to create
virtual and physical models, using sensor and kinetic technology. Through interactive
architecture, designers internally reshape communities and allow a platform for positive
connections between people and their environment to occur.
Purchased in 1991 by Associate Professor
Michael Mozer, The Adaptive House, in
Boulder, Colorado influentially stands as a
prime example of how technology and
automation within architecture has
revolutionized the living environments and
interactions of people today. The Adaptive
House is a full-scale building, which has over
seventy five sensors and five miles of
conductors installed, which essentially allow
the house to program itself by observing its
inhabitants as they live their lives (Michael
Mozer, 1997.) Thus learning how to best
accommodate for the needs of its tenants.
For instance, these sensors have the ability
to continuously monitor the climatic
temperature of the interior rooms within the
home; turning on thermostats and coolers,
tracks ambient light; opening doors and
windows when appropriate, tracks he sound
and motion of its occupants and finally takes
http://www.cs.colorado.edu/http://www.cs.colorado.edu/http://www.cs.colorado.edu/http://www.cs.colorado.edu/http://www.cs.colorado.edu/http://www.cs.colorado.edu/http://www.cs.colorado.edu/http://www.cs.colorado.edu/7/27/2019 The Synergy Between Design and Technology
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In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
9
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
Figure 9.
The Mircosoft Home, personalised teen
bedroom.
Source:http://www.networkworld.com, Ms.
Smith, 2011.
note of hot water usage. Figure 7. shows an examples of a sensory panel which has
been installed within the home, the left side of this sensor monitors temperature, ambient
light and sound, whilst the right side of the sensor is a speaker which allows the house to
talk to its inhabitants. The system also has the ability to predict the behavior and
movement of its occupants, evaluating when/which rooms will be used and when itsowners will leave and return home. By doing so, unlike Le Corbusiers Villa Sovaye, The
Adaptive House is fundamentally able to anticipated and carry out the desires of its
inhabitants, providing maximum comfort and also anticipates energy consumption.
This growth and advancement in
technology within architecture is evident
within the design of the Microsoft Home.
Built in 1994, it continues to push the
boundaries and possibilities of interactive
architecture today. The Microsoft home
harmonizes the ability of technology and
the intuition of man, allowing its inhabitants
to control and adjust all corners of their
home providing an insight into the future of
design. The home essentially runs on a
central network together, using radio
frequency identification data to create
virtually interactive environments. Forexample inhabits are able to use their
mobile phone device as a universal remote
control, allowing them to tangibly control
room lighting, temperature and electrical
devices from the palm of their hand.
Grace, the Microsoft Home Computer
system has the ability to verbally
communicate with its inhabitants, updating
them with their daily appointments, emails
and messages, provide information about
weather and current traffic circulation.
Grace even goes one step further,
allowing the inhabitants to check the
inventory of their fridge or pantry using
their mobile phone, and has a highly
interactive touch sensitive kitchen counter
Figure 8.
The Microsoft home, kitchen interface.
Source:http://www.networkworld.com, Ms.
Smith, 2011.
http://www.networkworld.com/http://www.networkworld.com/http://www.networkworld.com/http://www.networkworld.com/http://www.networkworld.com/http://www.networkworld.com/http://www.networkworld.com/http://www.networkworld.com/7/27/2019 The Synergy Between Design and Technology
11/14
In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
10
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
top which is able to recognize ingredients placed on the counter, suggesting appropriate
recipes and instructions which suit this food group (Figure 8). The interactively design
teenage bedroom also using high-resolution projection software, to ignite four
surrounding walls to provide a platform of social interaction. The teenager is able to
change the projected image to suit their mood and interests, check social media and playtheir favorite music (Figure 9). The Microsoft Home exemplifies how through postmodern
architecture and design, technology can positively impact the type of people we become,
our environments, experiences and the way we socialize.
By providing a detailed analysis into the disparity of the modern and postmodern
design movements, one can clearly identify the importance between the synergy of
design and technology and the major role it plays within architecture today. It is evident
that modernist beliefs and values of rationalism and purism inhabited, architects like Le
Corbusier and Minoru Yamasaki from creating desirable environments, which engagedand interacted with their residents of Pruitt-Igoe and Villa Sovoye. Today architects look
to problems which modernist architecture encountered and identify the importance of
utilizing technology within design to build and manipulate experiences and memories.
This is identifiably shown through the Microsoft House and the Adaptive House, which
build a foundational relationship with its owners
2039 WORDS
7/27/2019 The Synergy Between Design and Technology
12/14
In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
11
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
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In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
12
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
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14/14
In researching the modern design movement I have encountered Interactive Architecture in Architectural-Review
The Big Rethink: Farewell to Modernism and Modernity Too (2012) and
IDN Shedding New Light on the Art of the Impossible. (2013)
13
TheSynergybetweenDesig
nandTehnology;
BeckoingforEngagement|
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKomOqYU4Mw&list=SPhQpDGfX5e7CJ87BDeuTdXTp
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