The War Effort At HomeChapter 18 section3

EmancipationAlthough Lincoln personally

hated slavery. The purpose of the war, he said, “is to save the Union and is not either it save or to destroy slavery.”

Emancipation ProclamationBy the summer of 1862, Lincoln’s

emancipation plan was ready. When the Union turned back Lee’s troops at the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln saw his chance. On September 22, 1862, he issued a warning to the Confederates: Unless they returned to the Union by January 1, 1863, he would free their slaves. The Confederacy ignored the warning.

Emancipation ProclamationLincoln’s Emancipation

Proclamation of 1863 freed all the slaves in the Confederate states. The proclamation won European support for the Union and gave the benefit of 186,000 African Americans soldiers.

Emancipation Proclamation

First Reading of Emancipation

African American soldiersEven though they were risking

their lives, African American soldiers were discriminated against. They were assigned to all black regiments commanded by white officers. They finally won equality in issues such as pay.

54th Massachusetts Regiment

Women in the Civil WarWomen contributed to the war

effort by working in mints, offices, and arsenals. They also set up and ran hospitals.

Clara Barton tended to soldiers on the battlefield. She also helped to form the American Red Cross.

Confederate Women in The Civil War

Clara Barton

Opposition at HomeEach side had opposition at

home. Southerners resisted taxes and

military cooperation.Many Northern Democrats in the

Union favored restoring peace at all costs. Northern Republicans called these Democrats “Copperheads” after the poisonous snake.

Copperheads

Draft RiotsBoth sides set up a draft. When

the first draft was held in July 1863, riots broke out. The worst was in New York City. There a mob, mostly Irish-Americans went on a 4-day rampage, burning draft offices and lynching African Americans. At least 105 people were killed.

Draft-a system of requiring men to serve in the military

Draft Riots in NYC

Draft Riots in NYC

Economic ProblemsBoth sides faced economic

problems as well. The union passed the nation’s first income tax.

Income tax- a tax on money earned from work or investments

The Union was able to supply its troops, but the Confederacy suffered severe shortages.