Post on 24-May-2015
description
transcript
THE IMPORTANCE OF INFANT SCREENING
Produced as a class project at WKU for CFS 294 - Fall, 2009
By Thelma Newsom
THERE ARE MANY REASONS FOR INFANT SCREENINGS!
What is the importance of Infant Screening?
WHAT IS INFANT SCREENING?
Relatively quick preliminary evaluation
Used to determine if a child should be referred for more in-depth assessment
practice of testing every newborn for certain harmful or potentially fatal disorders that aren't otherwise apparent at birth
EFFICIENCY IS THE DRAWBACK OF INFANT SCREENINGS
Full evaluations are costly in terms of time and money
Screening tools are less accurate than follow-up assessment
Overlooks many children who might benefit from special services
REASONS YOU MAY BE CONCERNED ABOUT YOUR
BABY’S GROWTH OR DEVELOPMENT
•No improvement in head control •No attempts to lift the head when laying facedown•Extreme floppiness•Lack of response to sounds or visual cues, such as loud noises or bright lights•Inability to focus on a caregiver’s eyes•Poor weight gain
Every baby is different but your instincts can be right!!
WHY DO WE USE A TRAINED PROFESSIONAL TO SCREEN INFANTS?
Trained observation of strengths and weaknesses of each child!!
A TRAINED PROFESSIONAL……….
Will offer several types of screening for your infant at their well baby routine visits. They can screen for problems with health, vision, hearing, and development.
WHAT TYPES OF SCREENINGS ARE THERE
1.) Developmental Screenings2.) Hearing and Vision Screenings3.) Health Screenings
AT WHAT AGE IS YOUR CHILD SCREENED
•Birth•2 months •4 months •6 months•12 months•15 months•18 months
Age for well baby check-ups
Age for hearing screenings
•18 months •or earlier if child has ear infections
SOME ROUTINE TESTS ARE……
•Phenylketonuria (PKU)
•Galactosemia
•Sickle-cell anemia
•Thyroid defiency or Neonatal Hypothyroidism
•APGAR
•Cystic fibrosis
•Glucose – 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
•Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
•Human immunodefiency disease (HIV)
Blood is collected from a heel stick and repeated in two weeks for some of these tests
babies are given a clean bill of health, early diagnosis and proper treatment can make the difference between lifelong impairment and healthy development.
WHAT ARE DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENINGS?
DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING?
Early recognition of any
developmental concerns will help an infant grow up
in the most superlative
growing experience possible.
DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENINGS……… Use of growth
charts and national guidelines to compare how the infant ranks in comparison to other infants their age group
Social/Emotional evaluations
Language evaluations
Fine motor skills Gross motor skills
SOCIAL EMOTIONAL EVALUATIONS….
Show how well a child interacts with others
Can take care of his or her own needs Regulates his or her emotions and behaviors
LANGUAGE EVALUATIONS……..
•How well a child listens to language
•How well a child responds to language
•How well they use vocabulary and grammar
•shows interest in books, prints, music and his or her surroundings
SPEECH MILESTONES FROM BIRTH
By the end of three months:
Smile when you appearStartle upon hearing loud soundsMake “cooing” soundsQuiet or smile when spoken toSeem to recognize your voiceCry differently for different needs
SPEECH MILESTONES FROM BIRTH
By the end of six months:
Make gurgling sounds when playing with you or left aloneBabble repetitive syllables, such as “ba,ba,ba”Use his or her voice to express pleasure and displeasureMove his or her eyes in the direction of soundsRespond to changes in the tone of your voice Notice that some toys make soundsPay attention to music
SPEECH MILESTONES FROM BIRTH
By the end of twelve months:
Try to imitate wordsSay a few words, such as “dada,” “mama” and “uh-oh”Understand simple instructions, such as “Please drink your milk”Understand “No” Turn and look in the direction of sounds
SPEECH MILESTONES FROM BIRTH
By the end of eighteen months:
Point to an object or picture when it’s named Recognize names of familiar people, objects and body partsFollow simple directions accompanied by gesturesSay up to ten words
SPEECH MILESTONES FROM BIRTH
By the end of twenty-four months:
Ask for common foods by nameUse simple phrases, such as “more milk”Begin to use pronouns, such as ‘mine”Ask one to- to two-word questions, such as “go bye-bye?”Follow simple commands without the help of gesturesSay more words every monthSpeak 50 words and understand moreBe difficult to understand
SIGNS OF POTENTIAL DISTRESS OR DEVIATIONS FROM EXPECTED FINDINGS
•Cleft lip or cleft palate•Circumoral pallor•Lip movement asymmetrical•Reflexes absent or incomplete•Protruding tongue
FINE MOTOR/ ADAPTIVE SKILLS
•Child’s ability to use small muscle’s
•Ability to use hand eye coordination movements
•Problem solve
GROSS MOTOR SKILLS……..
Is the child’s ability to use his or her large muscles (rolling over, sitting, jumping)
HOW YOU CAN SUPPORT DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENINGS?
1. Sharing information with your child’s health care professional
2. Asking about any concerns you may have
3. Following recommendations you may have
4. Scheduling additional evaluations
HEARING AND VISION SCREENINGS… Identify hearing
and vision deficits that may interfere with development and learning
Must be detected and treated very early
EYES Expected findings Slate gray or blue eye
colorNo tearsFixation at times - with ability to follow objects to midlineRed reflexBlink reflexDistinct eyebrowsCornea bright and shinyPupils equal and reactive to light
SHOULD I REQUEST ADDITIONAL TESTS?
Why Should I Request Additional Tests?
If you have a family history of an inherited disorder?
Have you previously given birth to a child who's affected by a disorder?
Did an infant in your family die because of a suspected metabolic disorder?
Do you have another reason to believe that your child may be at risk for a certain condition?
HEALTH SCREENINGS……….
Usually take place as a well child check-up
Child care professional weighs and measure your child (length weight and head circumference)
Head to toe exam Asks about illnesses
and healthy habits Ensures child’s
immunizations are up to date
Administer vaccinations
WHAT DO THEY MEAN BY BABY MEASUREMENTS?
Head to toe exam:
•Head •Ears •Eyes •Mouth•Skin•Heart and lungs•Abdomen •Hips and legs•Genitalia
VITAL SIGNS
Temperature - range 36.5 to 37 axillary
Common variations Crying may elevate
temperatureStabilizes in 8 to 10 hours after delivery
Signs of potential distress or deviations from expected findings
Temperature is not reliable indicator of infectionA temperature less than 36.5
VITAL SIGNS
Heart rate - range 120 to 160 beats per minute
Common variations Heart rate range to 100 when
sleeping to 180 when cryingColor pink with acrocyanosisHeart rate may be irregular with crying
Signs of potential distress or deviations from expected findings
Although murmurs may be due to transitional circulation-all murmursshould be followed-up and referred for medical evaluationDeviation from rangeFaint sound
VITAL SIGNS CON’T…… Respiration - range 30
to 60 breaths per minute
Common variations Bilateral bronchial
breath soundsMoist breath sounds may be present shortly after birth
Signs of potential distress or deviations from expected findings
VITAL SIGNS CON’T…… Asymmetrical chest
movementsApnea >15 secondsDiminished breath soundsSeesaw respirationsGruntingNasal flaringRetractionsDeep sighingTachypnea - respirations > 60Persistent irregular breathingExcessive mucusPersistant fine cracklesStridor
GENERAL GROWTH GUIDELINES FOR YOUR BABY:
Birth to 6 months
a baby may grow 1/2 to 1 inch a month and
gain 5 to 7 ounces a week.
Expect your baby to double his or her birth weight by ages 5 to 6 months.
GENERAL GROWTH GUIDELINES FOR YOUR BABY:
a baby may grow 3/8 inch a month
gain 3 to 5 ounces a week.
Expect your baby to double his or her birth height and triple his or her birth weight by age 1.
6 to 12 months
A LIST OF CHILDHOOD VACCINATIONS
AGE Vaccine
Birth-2 months 1-4 months 2 months 4 months 6 months 6-18 months 12-15 months 15-18 months 24 months-18 years
Hepatitis B Hepatitis B DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV DTaP, Hib, PCV Hepatitis B, IPV Hib, MMR, PCV DTaP Hepatitis A (in select
areas)
You can help your baby by:
-holding your baby
Offer nutritious foods
-provide physical activities for your child
-schedule resting periods within your daily routine
-plan time to spend together to read, sing, talk, and play to support your child’s brain development
http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/
Right click and highlight on one of the links below to access a website that will allow you to plot your own child’s growth
chart
http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3afile=viv_iO9AH2&server=search3.nlm.nih.gov&v:state=root%7Croot-50-10%7C0&
THE IMPORTANCE OF INFANT SCREENINGS!!!!!Produced as a class project at WKU for CFS 294 - Fall, 2009By Thelma Newsom
BIBLIOGRAPHY Angela Perry, M. (2001). American Medical Association Guide to Talking to Your Doctor.
New York, Chichester, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. . Daniel Rauch, M. F. (2009, May 11). MedLine Plus. Retrieved December 2009, from
www.medlineplus.gov: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007257.htm Driscoll, A., & Nagel, N. G. (2008). Early Childhood Education, Birth-8 (4th edition ed.).
Boston, New York, San Francisco: Pearson and AB. Howard, V. F., Williams, B. F., & Lepper, C. (2005). Very Young Children with Special
Needs (3rd edition ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey; Columbus, Ohio: Pearson, Merrill Prentice Hall.
Jay L. Hoecker, M. (n.d.). mayoclinic.com. Retrieved December 2009, from Mayo Clinic:
http://www.mayoclinic.com KidsHealth.com. (2009). Retrieved December 2009, from The Nemours Foundation. National Center on Birth defects and Developmental Disabilities. (2005, September 20).
Retrieved December 2009, from National Center on Birth defects and Developmental Disabilities: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/child/devtool.htm
Resick, L. K. (1996). CCIT staff, Duquesne University. Retrieved December 2009, from
http://www.nursing.duq.edu/newborn/