Post on 07-Jan-2016
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“There’s a big difference between shooting video and making something that somebody else will want to watch.” ~Colin Barrett
There are two types of video•Analog
– The original video recording method which stores or transmits signals as an electronic wave. The images and sounds are represented by continuously changing frequencies and voltage levels; highly subject to degradation and interference.
•Digital– Video that was recorded in digital (numerical—0s and
1s) format OR video that has been converted to digital format using a capture device; a more consistent signal that is highly resistant to interference.
ANALOG S
IGNAL
Think of the analog signal as a ramp, which is a continuous way
to reach a certain height.
Think of the digital signal as steps, which are discontinuous and skip from one point of the
signal to the next.
DIGITA
L SIG
NAL
ANALOG S
IGNAL
When an analog signal is digitized, regular samples of the signal are taken at points (steps) along the “ramp.” This
is called “sampling.”
Large steps = low sampling rate = poorer quality =
smaller file.
DIGITA
L SIG
NAL
Small steps = high sampling rate = better quality = bigger file.
Video Broadcast Standards
•NTSC – most of the Americas & Japan
•PAL– most of Europe, except France
•SECAM– Brazil, France, southern Europe,
Middle East
Resolution & Aspect Ratio• Resolution (The quality or sharpness of an
image, usually measured in pixels per inch)– NTSC picture—720x480 resolution; 30 fps (frames
per second)• DVDs use this resolution
– PAL & SECAM pictures—720x576 resolution
• Aspect ratio (the relationship between the width and height of an image—or horizontal to vertical)– Conventional video and TV: 4:3 (full screen or
standard)– Widescreen movies: 16:9
Sources of Material
• Use images to create videos• Purchase stock footage• Shoot video and capture
– Video capture: the process of transferring video to the computer
Software for Editing Video• Adobe Premiere• Ulead Video Studio• Sony Vegas• Pinnacle Studio 12• MovieMaker
• Roxio• DVD MovieFactory• Final Cut Pro
(Mac)• iMovie (Mac)
To create DVD movies, the software must have DVD authoring capabilities.
Common Video File Formats• .wmv—Windows media video
– originally designed to play in Windows media player
• .avi—audio video interleave– standard Windows video format
• .mpg—motion picture experts group– compressed video format
• .mov—movie– Quicktime video
• .vob—video object– DVD video format
Common Video File Formats• .asf
– Microsoft streaming media format• .mp4
– Mpeg file format used for video streaming
• .swf – Macromedia Flash; pronounced swiff
• .m4v– iMovie - iTunes
Video Cameras• There are several types of video
cameras on the market– HDD—takes directly to an internal hard drive.– Mini-DV—records video to a small tape; 30-60
minutes recording time per tape– Mini-DVD—records to mini DVD; good if you
don’t plan to edit– Flash drive/memory card—records to flash
device which can easily be transferred to your computer
– Hybrid—combines two methods on one camera
Anatomy of a camcorder• On/off switch• Record / Playback• Zoom• Storage option
(tape, dvd, etc.• LCD screen• Volume controls• Tripod bush• Microphone
• Accessory shoe– Hot shoe
• Power source– Battery– AC
• Menu• Cables and ports, if
applicable
Accessories• External microphone
– a shotgun microphone attached to the top of the camera
– a handheld microphone you connect to the camera
– a lavalier or clip-on microphone you connect to the camera
– a boom microphone you connect to the camera
– wireless microphones
Accessories• Tripods
– Select a tripod that will support the weight of your camera
– Pan and tilt heads are helpful
• Lights– Mounted– External
• Green screen (an example of chroma key)– A film and video technique that shoots footage
against a green screen, which is subsequently removed from the image and replaced with a different background
Connecting to Computer• Video capture card
– optional type of video card that will allow you to connect your camera to the computer by S-Video or composite (red/yellow/white) cables
• Firewire (IEEE-1394)– most cameras will have DV out option
(excellent quality)– Firewire 400 – PC; Firewire 800 – Mac
• USB 2.0 capture device– can connect camera or VCR to computer
Camera Techniques
Shots
• Extreme close-up• Close-up• Medium • Long • Over-the-shoulder• Establishing• Point of view• Cutaway
Angles• Low angle• High angle• Eye-level
angle
Movement• Pan• Tilt• Zoom
Camera Tips
• Avoid shooting into the light• Follow the “rule of thirds” guideline:
– Points (or lines) of interest should occur at 1/3 or 2/3 of the way up (or across) the frame, rather than in the center of the frame
• Leave plenty of recording time at the beginning to allow room for editing
Pre-Production (Plan the Shoot)• Brainstorming• Listing materials, characters, location
– Get approval, if required
• Storyboarding idea– a graphical representation of the shoot
• Preparing the script• Preparing equipment
– Check storage media, batteries, tripod, etc.
Production
• Shooting the video• Capturing the video
– The steps required for this will be dependent on the type of video camera that is available
• Editing the video– Edit video to required length– Add titles, transitions, audio, etc.
Post Production• Rendering the video
– The process of converting project files into one file; your software will determine the file format options available: mpg, avi, wmv, etc.
• Recording video to external storage– Video can be transferred to other media devices– If creating a DVD movie, movie authoring software is
required
• Cleanup– Delete footage from computer– Depending on storage media, reformat or erase
footage