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RhylThe eco-IndusTrIal advenTure Park
THESIS DESIGN REPORT
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Loren DurkinZara MoonDavid Parry
M ArchTutor: Jack Dunne
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contents Introduction 5• ProjectChronology 7• critpin-ups 8
Chapter 1: study of place 9• Rhyl:background 10• Rhyl:attributes 24
Chapter 2: community involvement 28• Interview:ValeofClwydMP 29• SocialSurvey 32• CommunityProfiles 35
Chapter 3: Concept 37• TheProblem 38• OurResponse 40• Eco-IndustrialTourismforRhyl 44• ProjectBrief 46
Chapter 4: Research: Industries 48• Halophytes 49• Oysters 51• Manufacturing&Upcycling 53• TheThreeIndustrialProcesses 55
Chapter 5: Research: Economics 65• Food 66• Biofuel 68• Manufacturing 69
Chapter 6: Research: Case Studies 70• VivergoFuels 71• RuralStudio 72• RackheathEco-Community 73
Chapter 7: Design: Strategies 74• CreatingaJourney 75• TheInteractiveMachine 76• PluggingintotheTown 77
Chapter 8: Design: Masterplan 78• PhasedDevelopment 79• MasterplanforRhylWest 80• IndustrialTourismforRhyl 81• Thesites 82
Chapter 9: Key Design Areas 86• IndustrialProcess 88• InhabitablePier 95• AmphibiousPark 98
Chapter 10: The Tourist Experience 101• TheJourney 102• ArrivalTower 106• PluginCaravans 110• CrushingMill 114
Chapter 11: Conclusion 1 1 7
ZaraMoon
DavidParry
DavidParry
ZaraMoon
LorenDurkin
LorenDurkin
LorenDurkin
ZaraMoon
DavidParry
LorenDurkin
ZaraMoon
All
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JackDunne,SchoolofArchitecture,UniversityofLiverpool
PeterFarrall,SchoolofArchitecture,UniversityofLiverpool
MushtaqSaleri,SchoolofArchitecture,UniversityofLiverpool
MelissaClinch,WilkinsonEyreArchitects
JohnThompson,
ChrisRuane,ValeofClwydMP
RaquelQuinta,BangorUniversity
BrainEdmondson,StructuralEngineer,UniversityofLiverpool
RobertHumphreys,DenbighshireCountyCouncil
AntoniVitti,RhylTouristInformationCentre
VivergoFuels,Bio-refinery
Acknowledgements
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Theaimofthisthesisis
todevelopaproposalto
regeneratecoastaltowns
thathavesufferedasevere
declineintheironceprosperoustourist
industry.
Ouroriginalagendawhendeciding
athesistopicwastoestablishareal,
current,sociallyorientatedsubject
matter,locatedintheUK.Firstlywe
selectedageographicalareathatwas
targetedforregenerationandthathad
highdeprivationlevelsandunusually
highstatisticsforissuessuchas
unemployment,benefits,poorhealthand
education.
TheWelshAssemblyhadhighlighted
fivetownsinNorthWalesinneedof
regeneration;ColwynBay,Pensarn,
Towyn,RhylandPrestatyn.We
selectedRhylasourstudyofplace,
aoncepopularseasidetownthathas
dramaticallydeclinedandrecentlybeen
declaredthemostdeprivedtownin
Wales.
OurproposalproposesRhylasa
prototypewhichcouldbeappliedtoover
fiftyotherseasidetownswhichsuffer
similarproblems.Theschemeinvolves
re-brandingoftheseasidetownwith
eco-industrialtourismtherebycreating
newBritishsustainablegreenindustries.
introduction
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Theultimateobjective is toprovideemployment, redefinewhat
constitutesthe‘British’seasideholiday,andgenerateinnovative
touristattractionstobringbacktheholidaymaker.
Morespecifically,theproposalachievesthisby:
1. Creating an industrial adventure park incorporating three
new industries; foodproduction,bio-fuelproductionandprefab
manufacturing.
2. Making Rhyl a centre of excellence for sustainability and
sustainableliving.
3.ProvidingemploymenttothelocalareaandtherestofNorth
Wales.
4. Raising awareness of up-cycling, bio-fuel production, oyster
farmingandhalophytegrowingandpersonalcarbonallowances.
5.Providingon-siteresearchpodsforeachofthenewindustrial
technologies,connectingwitheducationalestablishmentsinthe
region.
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Project Chronology01/02/2013 SendingofquestionnairestoRhylresidents04/02/3013 Sitevisit106/02/2013 Crit1-Context&Brief22/02/2013 Sitevisit222/02/2013 MeetingwithChrisRuane-ClwydMP27/02/2013 Crit2-Concept23/03/2013 Sitevisit317/04/2013 Crit3-Planning02/05/2013 StructuralTutorial-BrianEdmondson02/05/2013 EnvironmentalTutorial-SteveSharples04/05/2013 Sitevisit415/05/2013 Crit4-FinalDesign05/06/2013 Finalthesispin-up
EmailConversations:Name:AntoniVittiPosition:TouristInformationDate:31January2013Subject:TourismData
Name:ChrisRuanePosition:ValeofClwydMPDate:12February2013Subject:Interview
Name:RobertHumphreysPosition:CouncilEngineerDate:13thFebruary2013Subject:Marine/Harbourstructure
Name:NovaMieszkowskaPosition:MBAResearchFellowMarineBiodiversity&ClimateChangeDate:20thFebruary2013Subject:Halophytes
Name:MartinSkovPosition:Lecturer,SchoolofOceanSciences,Ban-gorUniversityDate:21stFebruary2013Subject:Halophytes
Name:RaquelQuintaPosition:PHDStudentDate:04thMarch2013Subject:Halophytes
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Crit Pin-ups
crit 1: Context&Brief
crit 2: Concept
crit 3: Planning
crit 4: FinalDesign
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CHAPTER 1:STUDY OF PLACE
RHYL
Crit Pin-ups
crit 1: Context&Brief
crit 2: Concept
crit 3: Planning
crit 4: FinalDesign
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RhylisaVictorianseasidetownlocatedintheNorthWalescountyofDenbighshire.It
canbeaccessedbytheA55dualcarriagewayfromChestertoHolyhead,therailway
andtheSustransroute5cyclepath.TheA55,railwayandcyclerouteallrunparallelto
thecoastandconnecttheNorthWalestownstogetherfromChestertoHolyhead.
RhylhasbeenhighlightedbytheWelshAssemblyasoneof5townstobeincludedintheNorth
WalesCoastRegeneration scheme. Other towns includeColwynBay, Pensarn,Towyn and
Prestatyn,allwithinan11milecoastalstretch.
LocationBackground
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Demographics
Rhyl’s population is approximately
25,000. The area of focus is Rhyl
West, which has a population of
4500, with 2060 households. This area
is the most deprived area of Rhyl with
highest unemployment figures, high
levels of houses of multiple occupancy
and benefit claimants.
Rhyl West is the combination of two of
the nine wards; Foryd and Bodfor. The
2008 and 2011 Welsh Index of Multiple
Deprivation names Rhyl West as the
most deprived area in Wales which was
also echoed by the Daily Post’s report in
2011, highlighting that an extreme 68%
of people in the area are unemployed
compared with the national average of
7.7%. With 61% of Rhyl West’s residents
being of working age, this means that
over 1800 people are without work and
almost 2000 people (72%) are claiming
some form of benefit.
Rhyl West has very poor school
attainment levels with 45% of working
age residents possessing no academic
qualifications compared to the Welsh
average of 33%.
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Rhyl History
railway
Rhylintheearlynineteenthcenturywasa
small village with a population of about
300.Bytheendofthemid1830’sithadbecome
a fashionablewatering place andmany titled
people took rooms formonthsata time.Rhyl
mayboastmodernfacilitiesandattractionsbut
atheartitisaverytraditionalseasideresortand
hasbeenwelcomingvisitorsforover150years.
Asyouwalkalongthepromenade,it’seasyto
imagineVictorian tourists in their top hats or
crinolineenjoying the sameair.These simple
pleasures are what many families are now
rediscovering.
From the 1840’s Britains railway system was
built to transport industrial rawmaterials and
goods.
The Chester and Holyhead Railway was
opened in 1848 and was built to improve
communicationsbetweenLondonandDublin.
Improving the development of North Wales’
coastal resorts, through this Rhyl became a
popularholidaydestination.
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the pierlodging housesrailwayBy1852Rhylhadover200lodginghousesand
manydelightedvisitors.
“Thisisahealthy[and]isjustlyrankedasthebest
bathingplaceintheprincipality.Ithasgrownin
thelastfewyearsfromasmallvillagetoalarge
andrespectabletown.Thesalubrityof theair,
thebeautyofthescenery,thecontiguityofthe
town to the sea, and theextent and firmness
ofthesands,renderitaplaceofconsiderable
attraction, and it is accordingly patronised by
visitorsfromallpartsofthekingdom.”
Opened on 19th August 1867, the 2355 foot
longRhylpiercost£23,000Admissionswere
3d(11/4p)
Entertainments included the Bijou Theatre,
bands, dance and pierrot troupes, slot
machines, diving competitions and steamer
rides.Thepierhadnumerousaccidentsin1883
theSchoonerLadyStuartrammedit.
In 1909 storms caused part of the pier to
collapse and in 1913 the BojouTheatre was
destroyedbyfireandfollowingdamageinthe
worldwarIitremainedcloseduntil1930.
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Rhyl History
submarine The Beach
hovercraft
Resurgamistheworldoldestsurvivingpowered
submarine. Invented by Reverend GeorgeW.
Garrettin1879.
In 1880, whilst sailing from Birkenhead to
Portsmouthfortrialsitsankabout5milesfrom
Rhylandremainedundiscovereduntil1995.
Rhyl has hadmany cinemas. the first regular
cinemacalled“Cheetham’sSilvograph”opened
in1906.In1911Kirk’s“Picturedrome”opened
inMay1920thecinemaRoyalopened.
Intheearlytwentiethcentury,thebeachhada
rangeofotherattractionsincludingabiketrack,
rollar skating rink and amechanical elephant
which took children for rides from the clock
towertotheGaietyTheatrefor6d(21/2p).In July1962 theworlds first hovercraft “flight”
wasmadebetweenRhylandWallasey,carrying
passengersandmailforthePostOffice.
Runningof this serviceceased inSeptember
1962due to“technicaldifficulties”andstormy
weather.
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fairgroundswimmingThe BeachRhyl’soriginalPavilionTheatre,locatedonthe
westpromenade,openedin1908.Inthe1970’s
thetheatrefellintodisrepairandwasdeclared
unsafe.Itwassoondemolished.In1991anew
theatre, of the same name, was built on the
eastpromenadeattachedtotheSunCentre,a
familyswimmingcentre.
Anopenairswimmingpoolwasopenedon5
June 1930.Holding 775,000 gallons ofwater
andaccommodatingseatingforaround2,500
spectators.
During the first season there were 223,000
visitorsandspecialevening rail trips ran from
Chester.
OceanBeachamusementparkbeganoperation
in 1954. Since the 1960’s the fair ground
declinedinpopularitywithlittleinvestmentinto
newridesorattractions.Itclosedin2007with
proposals for a retail and leisure complex on
thesitecollapsing.
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Rhyl’s key tourist attractions have
traditionallybeensituatedalongthe
promenade and coast road. Even
today,withthefewthatsurvive,thisstillremains
the case.TheSunCentre is currentlyRhyl’s
mostpopularindoorfunattraction,featuringa
number of ‘wave-propelled’ swimming pools
and adventure slides. Alongside the Sun
Centreisabowlinggreen,aSeaLifeCentre
and theChildren’sVillage,which is a raised
amusementpark for children.TheChildren’s
Village is a controversial attraction amongst
the local residents due to the development
cost, obstructing a direct link to the beach,
andbecauseitisgreatlyunderutilised.
Other smaller attractions are common
features that survive within most declining
seaside towns, such as bingo halls and
amusement arcades. These attractions are
largely seasonal, helping to attract around
three million visitors to the Denbighshire
resort eachSummer. It isevident thatRhyl
hasnoclearnicheattractionsthatwillhelpit
todrawthetouristsnumbersitonceenjoyed
init’sheyday.
Rhyl’s current tourism relies on the still
popular caravan parks.There are fivemajor
sites situated in the area. These parks are
typically ‘introverted’, with all major facilities
andamenitieslocatedonsite.
Existing Tourism
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Currently,RhyliszonedbyseasideattractionsalongtheCoastroad;hotelsattheWestend
ofthecoast,localbusinessesalongWellingtonroad,withcommercialretailbetweenthe
coastroadandtherailwaystation.
TheareaNorthoftherailwaylineistheoldVictorianpartofRhyl,whichisnowpredominantlyhigh
densityhousesofmultipleoccupancies(HMO’s).TheareaSouthoftherailwayislargelysuburban
residentialhousing.ThereisoneremainingstreetdedicatedtotourismnamedRiverStreet.
Zones & Land Use
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BUSINESS & MIXED USE
RETAIL
eDUCATION
LastremainingTouriststreet
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The existing urban grain
follows the key spines with
a number of intermediate
routes. A secondary grain following
adiagonalroute linkstheCoastroad
to Wellington road ending at the
Children’s village node. The harbour
wall follows a similar diagonal which
weaimtodevelopthetwourbangrains
intoagridpattern.
Urban Grain
There are four spinal routes within
Rhyl.Three runparallel to theCoast:
CoastRoad,WellingtonRoadandthe
railwayline.Thefourthisperpendicular
tothecoastline,linkingtotheA55.The
A55providesahigh speed link toall
theNorthWalescoastaltowns.
The existing key nodes are the bus
and railway station intersection, the
pointofintersectionbetweentheHigh
streetandtheCoastRoad,thelocation
of the existing Children’sVillage, the
recycling centre and the site of the
previousamusementpark.
Key Routes
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Rhyl was once a thriving seaside holiday
destination known for its sea-salt bathing
and extensive beach. InMarch 2013,The
Marine Conservation Society downgraded Rhyl’s
beach, saying it failed to meet ‘mandatory bathing
water standards’, with only four other beaches in
Walesfailingtodoso.Weproposetore-connectthe
towntothewaterfrontandpromotethebeachasthe
recreationalassetitoncewas.
TheForyd harbour is a greatly under utilised asset
ofthetown,withonlyasmallamountoffishingtrips
to sustain the industry. In its prime, Rhyl was the
epicentrefor trawlersand largerfishingvessels.We
propose to expand on the existing fishing industry
anddevelopamoresubstantialmarineharbour.
Rhyl has seen its promenade go through decades
of over-development, which has resulted in many
vacant spaces, such as the events arena. A series
ofoverpricedandunderusedprojectsalsolitterthe
promenade,disconnectingthetownfromthebeach,
mostnotablytheSunCentreandtheChildren’sVillage,
whichhaveshorttermsplanstobedemolished.
Duetothedecliningtouristindustry,retailcompanies
andbusinessesarechoosingtomoveawayfromthe
area,suchasMarksandSpencer’s,whohavebeen
presentonRhylhighstreet forover100years.This
alsomeansmoreandmorebuildingsandsitesare
becomingderelictanddormant, suchas thesiteof
thepreviousOceanBeachamusementpark,where
plans for redevelopment have stalled since 2007,
leavinganabandonedconstructionsite.
Current Problems
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Rhyl is a classic‘180–degree’ town.
Bounded by the sea, theRiverClwyd,
neighbouring towns of Prestatyn and
Kinmel Bay, and the wetland located South of
the railway. Therefore there is little scope for
expansion.
Rhyl was once known for its seaside town
characteristics of clean beaches, saltwater
bathing,seabreezesandit’smarineharbour.The
attributesRhylstillhas toofferare thesaltwater
from the sea, the estuary of the River Clwyd,
mudflats, sites of special scientific interest, a
largetidalrange,theinlandmarinelake,brickfield
pond, nature reserve, the harbour training wall
whichdividesthebeachfromtheharbourandthe
marineharbour.
Rhyl has the largest build-up of driftwood in
Wales,whichgathersat theestuaryof theRiver
Clwyd.Atpresentitiscollectedandburntbythe
localcouncil.
By analysing the nautical chart, the difference
betweenlowandhightideis8m,creatingalarge
beachareaatlowtide.Therearethreekeyvertical
referencepointsvisiblefromtheIrishSea:theSky
Tower,theTownHallandStThomas’Churchspire.
GeographyAttributes
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Local Points of Interest
There are two off-shore wind
farms located in the Irish Sea,
North from the Rhyl coast.The
RhylFlatsislocatedthreemilesfromRhyl,
the North Hoyle Wind Farm is located
4.5milesawayandtheDouglasComplex
oilrigislocated15milesaway.
RhuddlanCastle is locateda shortwalk
downtheRiverClwydintheneighbouring
village of Rhuddlan. Rhyl College is
locatedclosetoBrickfieldPondandisa
relativelynewdevelopmenttoencourage
students to stay in Rhyl to further their
education.
Rhyl still has five caravan parks in and
around the town which are still very
successful, however their tourism is
‘introverted’, with little or no interaction
withthetown.
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Press Coverage
Rhyl, in recent years,
has been at the centre
of negative press, in
particularrelationtounemployment
anddeprivationlevels.
Inparticularrelationtoourresearch
area, a lot of press was focussed
around the need to clear up the
‘eye-sore’ created by the former
amusementparksite, locatednext
totheharbour,afterredevelopment
planshadstalledin2007.
Other news highlights Britain’s
dying seaside resorts, and the
effectthatdeprivingsealevelscan
haveonatown.
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CHAPTER 2:STUDY OF PLACE
CommunityInvolvement
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‘RhylWest once had over 900 guest houses
andhotels runby families.Now thereareonly
about50left,astheothershavebeenboughtat
auctionby landlordswithnoconnection to the
areaandturnedintoHMO’s.Thelandlordshave
thenallowedpeopleclaiminghousingbenefitto
movein,whichhashadahugeknockoneffect
tothesocialvalueofthearea,andexplainsthe
highfiguresofunemployment.
Ibelievethatthedensityoftheareaistoohigh,
sothenumberofHMO’sneedtobedramatically
decreasedinordertobringbalanceandstability
toWestRhyl.’
Rhyl’s Problems: Rhyl’s Attributes:
Interview: MP Chris Ruane
Wecontacted the Vale of Clywd
MP,ChrisRuane, togaina first-
handinsighttotheproblemsRhyl
faces and how he envisaged potential future
developmentsforRhyl.Theinterviewtookplace
in Rhyl on 22nd February 2013 at his Labour
office, and lasted over an hour. These are
summarypointsfromourdiscussion:
‘Some of Rhyl and Denbighshire’s proudest
features include the Irishsea,water,beaches,
harbour, cathedrals, two castles, the River
Clwyd, the mudflats which is an SSSI (Site
of Special Science Interest), areas of natural
outstandingbeauty,TheBrickfieldpondanda
naturereserveinthesanddunes.Rhyl,andin
particularTheRiverClwyd,hasoneofthelargest
collectionsofdriftwood,whichiscollectedand
burntbythecouncil.
Rhylhasabrandnewroadcyclingcircuitalong
with an Olympic sized BMX track, which is
currentlyunderusedandmostlyunknown.The
roadcyclingnetworkisalsogrowing.’
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Rhyl’s Future: ‘Thereisaneedforastablecommunity,particularly
inthewestendarea.ThereforeIwouldsuggestthere
needs to be a decrease in the density and for the
streets tobezonedbasedon theirstrengths.There
alsoneedstobeafinebalanceofhousingtenures,
e.g.Rental, council, privateetc.Thiswouldbring in
therightbalanceofpeople.
Rhyl needs to redefine the tourist industry,butalso
addandbuilduponotherindustries,notjustone.At
themomenttourismislimitedtoday-tripperswhose
spendislimited.Weneedtomakethemstayovernight.
With a Bangor University satellite already located
ontheStAsaphbusinesspark, there isscopefora
similar scheme located within Rhyl West. Perhaps
withtheharbour,teachingyoungstersfishingorboat
buildingskills.Fishcouldbelocalisedtothetown,as
mostofthefishiscurrentlysoldoutsideofRhyl.There
needstobegreatercelebrationofthesellingoffish
withinRhyl.
Alloftherawmaterials,suchasthedriftwood,could
beusedtocreateartisticcommunityprojectsforboth
childrenandadults,bringingasenseofpridebackto
thecommunity.Rhylalreadyhasaspecialistrecycling
centre,sosomethingcouldbedonetoconnectwithit.
Ifthereweremoreincentivesandbetterthoughtout
plans,thenthecyclingtrackwillbeinhigherdemand
andcouldbeusedforinternationalevents,withRhyl
itselfbecomingamorecyclingfriendlyplace.’
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Social SurveyCommunity
As our original agenda was
to address current social
based issues, we contacted
members of the local community, in
particular,peoplelocaltotheRhylWest
area.
Partofourstrategywastoobtainprimary
datatounderstandlocalopinionsabout
what was needed to regenerate Rhyl.
We conducted an online questionnaire
that we distributed to local residents
and businesses . The majority of
participants were contacted through
socialnetworkingwebsites,inparticular
a group called “We Love Old Rhyl” on
Facebook.
In total we had 64 responses to our
online questionnaire which included
both multiple choice and comment
questions,thefollowingisasummaryof
theanswersgivenonthemultiplechoice
questions.
This data can be used to highlight the
positives of the past, future potential
developments and to ensure the past
problems associated with the recent
is rhyl in decline?
job opportunities
residential status
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education opportunities
most popular years
existing industries
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Character ProfilesCommunity
vicky roberts, 24
Nicola Johnson, 42
Benjamin Mitchell, 19
Thefollowingareresponses frommembersof thecommunity
onthesocialnetworksite‘WeLoveOldRhyl’onFacebook.
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helen nelson, 56
Jessica Campbell, 38
derek king, 46
david blakely, 50
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CHAPTER 3:
Concept
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The Future without ChangeThe problem
Rhylwasonceavibrantseaside
holiday destination and
prospered during the 1950’s
-60s’. However, tourism declined due to
the riseof inexpensiveair travel tomore
exoticlocations.
This resulted inmany of the hotels and
lodging houses changing into HMO’s
(housesofmultipleoccupancy)forpeople
whoareunemployedanddependanton
benefits. This significantly reduced the
desirability of living or visiting Rhyl and
decreasedthevalueofproperty,attracting
morepeopletoliveinthetownthatdonot
wanttofindworkanddetractinginvestors.
With thedecliningworkingpopulationof
Rhyl,wepredictthatshopsandbuildings
willbecomedormant,peopledependent
onbenefitswillturntocrimeandeventually
rebel against the system that no longer
supportsthem.
With thecollapseof themicro-economy,
andwithnoanchorattractions,therewill
benoreasonfortouriststovisit,andthe
townwillfallfurtherintodisrepair.
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The Issues• Thereare52principalseasidetownssufferingfromsimilarproblems.
• Abovenationalaverageunemploymentfigures.
• MostdeprivedtowninWales.
• Futureincreaseinflightsabroadwillbringbackthe‘stay-cation’.VacationsintheUK.
• Noanchorattractions.
• Saltwaterfailedtomeetcleanwaterstandards.
• Underexploitedfishingindustry.
• Thebuildingdensityistoohighencouragingsinglepersondwellings.
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Ouraimsfromthekeyissuesare:
1.CreateIndustriestoprovideemployment
2.Re-definetheBritishSeaside
3.Generatetouristattractions
1. CREATE INDUSTRIES TO PROVIDE EMPLOYMENTWeproposethattoreviveRhyl,multipledevelopmentsneedtooccur.Thecatalystdevelopment
willbeanewgreenindustry, localisedtoRhylwhichcouldchangepeople’smindsetsand
inspirethemtotakeprideintheirtownandprovidesubstantialemployment.
Weproposetore-brandtheSeasidewithfoodgrowthandindustry.Weproposethreetypesof
industryforRhyl:FoodProduction,BiofuelProductionandmanufacturing.
An Eco-industrial FutureOur Response:
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Grow City:Inresponsetothetown’snaturalresourcesofsaltwater,mudflatsand
theestuary,weproposetoproducesaltcropsandoysters.
Power City:Relatingtotheexistingpowergenerationofwindfarms,tidalpowerandoilextractionclosetoRhyl,weproposethesaltcropbeprocessedtocreatebiofuel.
Prefab City: Reflectingthestillpopularcaravanholidayparksinthesurroundingarea,andrespondingtothefuturehousingdemand,andreturnoftourismtothetown,Rhylwill
beamanufacturinghubforproducingeco-prefablivingandholidayhomes–creatinganew
takeonthecaravan.
Upcycle City:BuildingontheexistingethosofupcyclingstatedbythelocalMPandthecurrentrecyclingcentre,weproposethatupcyclingwillbeakeyfeaturewithinRhyl
andthelocalmanufacturingindustry.Thedriftwoodcollectedalongtheestuarywillbeutilised
inthebuildingoftheamphibiousparksandoysternurseries.
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2. RE-DEFINE THE BRITISH SEASIDE Thefiveneighbouringtownsarepartofalargergovernmentregenerationstrategy.Weproposethat
ourschemeisaprototypeforfurtherstrugglingseasidetownsandbyre-brandingwithfoodgrowthand
manufacturing;thefutureexpansioncouldextendtoincludemoreseasidetownsandneighbouring
estuaries,withRhylattheepicentre.
Weproposetocreateaneco-industrialadventureparkbyrelatingtoRhyl’spastheritageasakitsch
seaside town and amusement park past by integrating playful and interactive elements into the
touristexperience.Theseinteractionswillrequirezeropower,andareself-generatingbygravityand
movementfromtheoperatorlinkingwithRhyl’snewimageasacentreforsustainableexcellence.
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Green CreditsAs Rhyl develops into the sustainable centre of the UK, we envisage peoples’ personal carbon
allowancebeingthedominantformofcurrencywithinthetown.Wepredictthatasindividuals’carbon
allowancesbecomeamonitoredeverydayasset,Rhylcanbeashowcaseforhowtolivesustainably,
aswellasimprovingRhyl’smirco-economy.
Greencreditscanbeearnedbysustainable living,walking,cycling, recyclingwaste, restoringold
productsbyupcycling,hiringbikes,usingsustainabletransport,leavingcarsontheoutskirtsofthe
town,orproducingpowersustainably.
CreditscanbetradedbypurchasinggoodswithinRhyl,buyingbiofuel,ortradedtopeoplewhoneed
alargerpersonalcarbonallowance.
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What is Eco-Industrial Tourism?
Eco-industrial tourism for rhyl
Eco-industrial Tourism involves on-
site, operational industries relating to
sustainability, which allow visitors to
view,interactandgainanunderstanding
oftheproductsandprocessesinvolved
givinganareaanindustrialfoundationto
buildupon.
3. GENERATE TOURIST ATTRACTIONSPeoplegoonholidayforthefollowingreasons:torelax,spendtimewiththeirfamily,spend
timeoutdoors, cultural explorationornostalgia.Wepropose to re-introduce theseaspects
byexploitingRhyl’sexistingattributesof thebeech,saltwater,areasofnaturaloutstanding
beauty,sitesofspecialscientificinterest,theinlandmarinelake,naturereserves,theharbour
wallandthemarineharbour.
Industrial tourism can give an area a
distinct identity based on its existing
assetsand infrastructure,withpotential
to strengthen the area’s economic
structure and enhancing employment
opportunitiesforboththeindustriesand
theothersurroundingbusinesses.
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AttractionsfortouristsvisitingRhylwillinclude:
• Industrialjourneysthroughthefood,biofuelandmanufacturingprocesses.
• Amphibiousparks.
• WindFarmsightseeing.
• Re-commissioningthefuturede-commissionedoilrigasatouristdestination.
• Stayingthenightinaneco-prefabcaravanontheinhabitablemodernpier.
• Underwaterexploration.
• Visitinghistoricmarinewreckages.
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• The Regeneration of Rhyl through architecture
creating an eco-industrial adventure park by
creating a tourist experience, re-connecting to
thewaterandprocessingon-siteindustries
• ForRhyl tobecomethecentreofexcellencefor
sustainabilityandabeaconforsustainableliving.
• CreatingnewBritishindustries.
• To provide substantial employment to the local
areaandtherestofWales.
• Toraiseawarenessofsustainableliving,personal
carbonallowances,upcycling,biofuelproduction,
oysterfarmingandhalophytegrowing.
• On-site research units for each new industrial
technologyinconnectionwithBangorUniversity.
Project Statement
Project Aims
Project Brief
Theproject is tobedesignedasa flagship
scheme to re-define the British seaside
townasaneco-industrialtouristdestination.
The scheme includes introducing three green
industries to the coastal townofRhyl alongwith a
sustainablemasterplanstrategy tocreateaunique
tourist experience. Features from the scheme can
beexpandedalongthecoastlinetoregenerateother
seaside towns within a larger masterplan strategy
withRhylastheindustrialcentre.
47
Architecture• To create an interactive journey
experiencethroughaseriesofroutes,vistas
andbuildingengagements.
• Playful and interactive elements
will be integrated into the visitor journey.
Theywillbepartofthebuildingdesignand
relate to each industrial process. These
interactionswillrequirezeropower,andare
self-generating by gravity and movement
fromtheoperator.
• To process food production, biofuel
production and manufacturing using
reclaimedmaterials.
• To provide holiday accommodation
intheformofmoderneco-prefabcaravans
fortourists.
• To build upon the existing harbour
wall by creating amodern inhabitable pier
which the density can be increased or
decreasedbasedondemand.
48
CHAPTER 4:Research
Industries
49
What is a Halophyte?
HalophytesGrownin the UK
Why have we chosen to develop this industry?
Halophytes
Ahalophyteisaplantthatgrowsinareasofhighsalinity,particularlywithinestuaries,sandordampenedsoilareas.Thesetypesofplantshaveanextremelyhighsurvival
rate,beingabletowithstandharshweatherconditions,suchasfrostordesertlike
temperatures.Therearearound16differenttypesofhalophytes,with11outofthe13minerals
needed for their growth present in seawater.These plants provide coastal protection and
provide thedeliveryofnutrients tocoastalwaters, theycanbeeatenand theoil fromtheir
seedscanbeusedforcookingoilorusedtocreatebiofuel.Halophytesarecurrentlysoldas
foodinstoressuchasTescoandWaitroseandarecurrentlyimportedfromIsrael.
Ten miles from Rhyl is the river Dee
estuary,wherethereare5differenttypes
of halophytes currently growing, these
areknownassaltmarsh,seapurslane,
red fescue, festuca rubra and sea
couch.Theseplantsplaya crucial role
intheaquaticfoodwebandprovidethe
delivery of nutrients to coastal waters.
These particular salt marshes are
important for the life cycle of fish such
as,seabass,Atlanticherring,European
plaiceandDoversole.
There is an opportunity to expand on
salt-tolerantcropgrowthdueto20%of
theworldsirrigatedlandsbeingaffected
by salinity and halophytes represent
only2%oftheplantspecies.Theycould
create an industry producing locally
sourced food and biofuel. Providing a
healthier way of living and a greener
environment.
50
What is Salicornia?
What is Salicornia used for?
Salicorniaisaparticulartypeofhalophytethat
wepropose to growwithinRhyl, also known
asglasswort,pickleweedormarshsamphire.
Salicorniagrowsapproximately100plantsper
m2,1000seedsperm2andisharvestedevery
3 weeks. Salicornia is cropped from around
7cm above soil level, when the plants have
growntoapproximately15cmintotallength.
Theseplantscanbeeatenraworcooked,they
arecookedbybeingboiledfor30-90seconds
andthenlefttocool incoldwater.Theytaste
likeseaweedwithasaltytasteandlookfamiliar
to asparagus but are much smaller in size.
Peopleofteneatsalicorniawithstir-frydishes
and to accompany fish. Salicornia plants
contain33%oiland79%linoliecacidandthe
seedcontains30%oiland35%protein.
51
An Introduction
Oyster Life Cycle?
Oysters
Oystersareusuallyfoundinlargenumberslivingwithinestuaries,shallowwater,fine
muddysand,andalongtheseabed,growingfromeachother’sshellsorattached
toplantroots.Nearly250differentanimalsandplantshavebeenfoundlivingwithin
oysterbeds,suchascrabs,worms,seasnails,sponges,seaurchinsandseaweed.
Oystersareextremelyeconomicallyviablecostingaround£2.50onaverage, largeoysters
arewortharound£3.50withsmalleronescosting£1.25.Oystersarecurrentlyindeclinedue
tooverfishing.Weproposeasystemwhichstartsthegrowthoftheseshellfishinnurseries
knownasa“flupsy”keepingtheoysterscontained,andprotectingthemfromthedangerof
otherseacreaturesandfishermenuntiltheyarereadyfortrade.
Thegrowthstartsfromlarvaewhichthengrowsintoanegg,fromtheeggthisthendevelops
intoababyoyster.Fromthestartoftheproductionittakesapproximately1yearbeforethe
oysterscanbeharvestedand2-3yearsfortheoystertofullygrow.Afemaleoysterproduces
100millioneggsperyearwhichcanbeharvestedduringtheseason,fromSeptembertoApril.
52
Why have we chosen to develop an industry for oysters?Rhyl was once known for its sea salt
bathingandcleanwaters,howeverthe
water quality standards in Rhyl have
dropped in recent years. Therefore,
oysterswillbe introduced toaidwater
cleansingandactingactasafiltration
system.
The discarded oyster shells will be
recollected after consumption from
businesses trading within Rhyl. They
willbeusedtohelprestorefutureoyster
beds and encourage further oyster
growth.
As a future scenario oysters will be
moved from the nurseries and spread
acrosstheestuaryandseabed,thiswill
happenwhentheyhavereached6mm
in length in order for them to survive
andgrowunaided.
53
An Introductionmanufacturing &
Upcycling
Prefabricationhasbeenaroundforhundredsofyears,concreteandsteelarethemost
commonlyusedformsofprefabrication.IntheUK,thismethodwaswidelyusedpost
WorldWarII,withtheconstructionofprefabricatedhousesreplacingthosedestroyed
duringbombing.
• Reductioninscaffoldingandformwork
• Reductioninconstructiontime
• Minimiseson-sitecongestion
• EasierforQualityControlwithinthefactory
• Minimisestimespentinbadweather
• Lesswaste
• Buildingscanbedismantledandrebuiltelsewhere
• Modularhomescanbebuilt60%fasterandmoreecofriendlythantraditionalmethods
Why have we chosen to construct prefab homes as an additional industry?Due to the increase in demand on the future housing stock, theWelsh assembly have
predictedthat14,000housesperyearwillbeneededinWales,basedonthis100housesper
yearwillbeneededinRhyl.Weproposetoexpandonthestillsuccessfulcaravanparksby
incorporatingamoderneco-friendlytakeonacaravanparkbyconstructingpassivehomes
andholidayhomesthatwillbedesignedwithefficientandcompactspacestoliveandwork
within. These houses will be built from reclaimed and recycled materials. Materials and
productscanbeupcycledonsiteandsoldwithinRhyl’smarket.Inresponsetothehousing
demandinWales,.WeproposetoprovidenewhousingtomeettheannualdemandforRhyl,
andfutureexpansionwillbegintomeetthedemandforWales.Holidayhomeswillbeflexible
andmobiletorespondtoseasonaldemand.Theywillbetransportedviatherailwayandan
internaltramsystemwithinRhyl.
54
55
the 3 industrial processes
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
1. Food ProductionFood growth starts within the River
Clwydestuaryandlaterexpandsonto
thecoast,asafuturescenariotheindustry
will expand along its four neighbouring
coastaltowns,Colwynbay,Pensarn,Towyn
andPrestatyn.
OystersandHalophytesarecollectedfrom
twogrowingareas; theestuaryandcoast.
The food is then transported to the drop-
offarea,whichislocatedbetweenthetwo
growingareasandisthemainarrivalpoint
forthethreeindustrialprocesses.Thefood
isthenstoredbeforethesortingprocess.
The halophytes are transported from
storage to the sorting area where they
are cleaned, the seeds removed from the
plants and the plants then packaged and
distributed.Theseedsarethenmovedtoa
separateareaforthebiofuelproductionto
commence.
Oystersarealsobecollectedfromstorage
andtransportedtothesortingarea,where
they are cleaned, packaged and then
distributedtolocalrestaurants,fishmarkets
andbusinesses.
the 3 industrial processes
63
2. Biofuel Production
Biofuelisproducedusingoilthatisextractedfromthesalicorniaseeds,firstlytheseeds
areremovedfromtheplant.
Theseedsarethencrushedwhichextractsthevegetableoil fromtheseeds,whichisthen
putthroughaseriesofoildriersandcentrifugeswheredirtandwaterisremovedfromtheoil.
Theoilisthenpreheated,beforeitreachesitsfirstchemicalprocess,duringwhichMethanol
andsulphuricacidareaddedtotheliquid.Thisstartstheesterificationprocess.
Themixture of oil and biodiesel is then dried and naturalised before themixture reaches
itssecondchemicalprocessstagewhereMethanolandsodiumhydroxidearedissolvedin
thealcoholandadded to theoil.The temperature is raised to65degrees througha3-bar
pressureprocesstostopanylossofmethanol,thisisknownasthetranserificationprocess.
Afterthecorrecttemperaturehasbeenreached,theprocessorautomaticallymaintainsthis
temperatureduringthechemicalreaction.
Themixtureofbiodieselandglycerol is thenpurged from theprocessor, theseparationof
glycerol and diesel then takes place using setting tanks and centrifuges and glycerine is
removedfromthedieselandtransferredtoawashingstation.Biodieselisthenpassedthrough
acentrifugetoremoveallcontaminants.Themethanolrecoveryunitcompletestheextraction
ofthemethanolandglycerinefromthebiodiesel,Glycerolmustthenbeneutralizedandcan
thenbesoldseparatelyasafeedstock.Thebiodieselisthenfilteredandpolishedproducing
a100%biodieselproductknownasEN14214.
the 3 industrial processes
64
3. Manufacturing &UpcyclingThemanufacturingprocessbeginsat the
drop-off area where the collection of
raw, recycled or reclaimed materials will be
unloadedandstored.,Thematerialsthenmove
to the sorting area where the materials are
treatedandprepared.Designstudiosfollowed
by CNC workshops allow the materials to
be upcycled, or manufactured into various
buildingcomponents.
Thefirstsetofworkshopswillmanufacturethe
framework, panels and cladding, the second
workshops manufacture the windows and
doorsandthefinalworkshopswillmanufacture
interiorfittings.
Theprocess is then taken to thefinalstages
wheretheseelementswillbeassembledready
fordispatchbyrailorvehicle.
the 3 industrial processes
65
CHAPTER 5:research
economics
66
1. HalophytesFood Production
100 Salicornia plants can
be grown per m2 Within
Rhylandthe5neighbouring
coastal towns, thisamounts
to600,000m2areaallowing
for 60million plants to be
grown.Salicorniaplantsare
harvested15timesperyear
whichamountsto900million
plants tobeharvest in total.
This produces 500 jobs
collecting 60 million plants
every3weeks.
67
2. OystersApproximately 300 oysters
are grown per m2, within
the developed industry
45,000,000 oysters are
grownper150,000m2area.
This growing industry is
situated on the amphibouis
park,estauryandalong the
cut.This produces 200 jobs
perseason.
68
HalophytesBiofuel Production
Salicornia plants will be
grownwithin60,000m2
area,thiswillproduce15,000
gal of biofuel, including the
15 harvets this will amount
to 225,000 gal of biofuel
producedperyear.
69
Permanent & Holiday Homesmanufacturing
Inorder forRhyl tosurvivethehousingcrisis100new
homeswillbeneededinRhyl
per year, this is based on
the figures released by the
welshassemblywhomhave
predicted 14,000 houses
willbeneededinWalesper
year.Basedonthisdemand
around50skilledemployees
willbeneededalongwith20
apprentices.
70
CHAPTER 6:research
Case Studies
71
Bioethanol PlantVivergo Fuels
Case Study 1:Company:VivergoFuels
Location:Saltend,Hull
LocationThe location iswithin theheartof theUK’swheatgrowingbelt,which isoneof the
highest yielding in theworld.Thewheat will be sourced from local farmers in the
YorkshireandLincolnshirearea.
ProductionTheplantuses1.1milliontonnesoffeedwheatonanannualbasis,whichproduces
420 million litres of bioethanol. The bioethanol plant produces Green House Gas
(GHG)savingsinexcessof50%overstandardpetrol,theequivalentofremovingover
180,000carsfromtheroad.
Theprocessattheplantconverts1.1milliontonnesoffeedwheatintobioethanoland
500,000tonnesofproteinrichanimalfeed,inessencegivinghalfthevolumebackto
UKfarmersinamoreefficientanduseableform.
Theanimalfeedwillprovidetheproteinrequirementfor340,000dairycowseachday,
representingalmost20%oftheUKdairyherd.
ProcessThe£350mplantconvertsthefeedwheatwithnowasteintobioethanoland
animalfeed.Thestarchinthefeedwheatisusedtoproduce420millionlitres
ofbioethanoleachyear.This isblendedwithconventionalpetrol tomakea
greener, more sustainable transport fuel. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted
whenthebiofuelisburntinavehicleandisoffsetbytheCO2absorbedduring
thegrowingofthewheatcrop.
72
Architecture by UpcyclingRural Studio
Case Study 2Company:AuburnUniversity,ArchitectureStudio
Location:Newbern,HaleCounty,America
What is Rural Studio?RuralStudioisadesign-buildarchitecturestudio,
whichisrunbyAuburnUniversity,Theschoolaimsto
teachstudentsaboutthesocialresponsibilitiesofthe
professionofarchitecturewhilstalsoprovidingsafe,well
constructedandinspirationalhomesandbuildingsfor
poorcommunitiesinruralwestAlabama.
ProjectsEachyeartheprogrambuildsaroundfiveprojects,a
housebysecondyearstudents,threethesisprojects
bygroupsinfifthyearandoneormoreoutreachstudio
projects.Ruralstudiohasbuiltmorethan80housesand
civicprojectsintotal.
73
Eco CommunityCase Study 3:Location:Norwich,Norfolk
The SiteRackheathislessthanfivemilesfromNorwichcitycentreandhasarangeof
attributeswhichcombinetomakeitanideallocationfortheEco-Community.
Rackheathisperfectlylocatedandfallswithinlocalauthorityplansforthe
futuregrowthoftheNorwichareaandiseasilylinkedtothecityandthereon
totherestofthecountry.
Community StructureTohelpRackheathfunctionasasustainablecommunity,residentswillbe
expectedtoactivelyembracetheprinciplesofalowcarbonlifestyleandbe
awareoftheirpersonalcarbonfootprint.
Eco-friendlylivingwillbeachievedbyofferingeasilyaccessible,user-friendly
alternativestotraditionalnon-sustainingmeansofkeyelements,suchas
energy,travelandfood.
Avisionforthefuture
• Everyresidentwillbewithin300metresofabusstopi.e.walkingdistance
• Cyclewaysandfootways,segregatedfromtraffic,runningdirectlyto
employmentandshoppingareas
• Ahubbuiltclosetotherailstation,providingaconvenientinterchange
betweenrail,bus,cyclewaysandfootways
• Competitivepricing,ensuringpublictransportisanattractivealternativeto
privatecaruse
• CarclubmembershipforallRackheathresidents,includingexisting
homes,encouragingefficientcarshareschemes.
Rackheath
74
CHAPTER 7:design
strategies
75
We envisage the tourist
experience to be a
journey which follows a
specific route of designed educational
interventionsandexperiencesthatrelate
tothegreenindustrieson-site.Theroute
isaneco-architecturalversionofatourist
adventurepark.
Theroutefollowsagridwhichhasbeen
derived from the existing urban grain.
The grid relates to Rhyl’s three spinal
routes,paralleltotheCoastroadaxisand
perpendiculartotheHighStreetaxis.
Thediagonal45degreegridlinerelates
to the existing historical diagonal route
whichlinkstheCoastroadtoWellington
roadandtheexistinglineoftheharbour
wall which flows at a diagonal to the
CoastRoad.
The 45 degree angle also relates to
Rhyl’s art deco heritage from an era
when Rhyl as most prosperous as a
kitsch seaside town, of which some of
theartdecobuildingsarestillevidentin
thetowncentre.
Creating aJourney
76
Weaimtore-definethe‘factory-
image’ into an educational,
interactive series of
processes. The architecture will have an
industrial, high-tech aesthetic to expose
the mechanics and workings of each
processcreatinga theatricalperformance
of moving elements therefore producing
factory-machine-typearchitecture.
The interactive machine
77
Weenvisagethatallofourareas
of focus are not stand-alone
schemes, but all relate to
eachotherfollowingthesamearchitectural
language and overall masterplan strategy.
WeplantorelateRhyl’sexistingattributes,
urban grain and architectural heritage by
plugging elements back into the town.
Potentially by applying a similar approach
tovacantorsitesinneedofredevelopment.
plugging in to the town
78
CHAPTER 8:design
masterplan
79
2013 to 2050
TheinitialstrategyforRhyltakesinaphaseddevelopmentfrom2013-2050.During
thecourseofthe37yeardevelopment,7keystageswillbeachieved,theyare:
• Stage1-2013-DeveloptheStrategyThisincludesthemasterplanlinkinginkeyroutesandestablishingwhichbuildingstokeep,
demolishorexpandupon.Alsocreatingagreencorridorbyreducingthedensityinspecific
areas.
• Stage2-2018-CommenceFoodGrowthThisisthestartofthehalophytesandoysterfarmingprocess,butalsoincludesthe
collectionofmaterials,suchasdriftwoodandrecycledmaterials.
• Stage3-2023-CommenceindustriesHalophytesandoysterscanbeharvestedafteroneyear,thereforeourproposedfood
marketcancommence.Thecollectionoftheseedsfromthe halophyteswillallowthe
biofuelproductiontostartonsite.
• Stage4-2028-ProvideNewHousingWewillretrofitthekeystreetwithournewprefabricatedhousing.Providingpermanent
homesandtemporaryholidayaccommodation.
• Stage5-2035-CommenceEco-TourismTouristswillbeabletotakeajourneythroughtheproposedthreeprocessesandthe
amphibiousparks,includingunderwaterexplorations.
• Stage6-2040-ExpansionontotheSeaAmodernpiewillbebuiltupontheexistingharbourwall,allowingtheprefabhousingto
extentouttothesea.TheDouglasComplexoilrigwillbedecommissionedandturnedintoa
touristattraction.
• Stage7-2050-GreenCityStatusBy2050weenvisageRhylgainingtheprestigiouscitystatus,beingasustainableandcycle
friendlycitywithanicheofresearchandbiofuelproduction.
phased development
80
We have highlighted four
key nodes in Rhyl West.
The transport hub, the
termination point of theHighStreet, the
Harbour and the Recycling Centre. We
feelthesepointsarehighlyimportantyet
under used areas of RhylWest that we
will connect through strategic master-
planning, andwill become integral parts
oftheoverallscheme.
Nodes
Food GrowthTheinitialareasforfoodgrowthwillbethe
RiverClwydEstuaryandtheMarinelake,
before expansion onto the amphibious
parksontheseafront.
Masterplan for rhyl west
Pocket Park /Green Strategy
Twocollectionareaswilltakeplaceonthe
amphibiousparkandtheestuaryandthen
transportedtoachosensite.Theindustrial
process will need to terminate in close
proximitytotherailway,whichisalsothe
dispatchpointfortheproductscreated.
81
Twocollectionareaswill takeplaceon
theamphibiousparkandtheestuaryand
then transported toachosensite.The
industrialprocesswillneedtoterminate
incloseproximitytotherailway,whichis
alsothedispatchpointfortheproducts
created.
Collection toDispatch
Eco-TourismJourneyTourists will arrive to the transport
hub, either by train, or by car, leaving
their vehicleswithin the hub.Theywill
then be free to walk or cycle around
the rest of Rhyl, or use our proposed
sustainable transport system. The
sustainable transport system will run
fromthetransporthub,tothetopofthe
highstreet(foodmarket),thenontothe
chosensiteandcollectpeoplefromthe
endpointtoreturnthemtothestart.
Industrial Tourismin RhylHeritage
Rhylisatownthathasprosperedfromseasidetourismandhassubsequentlydeclined.
Rhylcanberedefinedbyintroducinggreenindustriesandshowcasingtheprocesses
toinvolveandeducatethepublic.Thiswouldresultintheeco-industrialadventure
parkbecomingabenchmarkforsimilarprojectsatotherdestinationsacrosstheUK.
82
Site options
Fromoursocialresearch,threekeyareas/siteswerehighlightedwithinRhyl
Westthatneedredevelopment.Theywere:
• TheChildren’sVillage
• Oldamusementparksite
• Busdepotandoldsupermarket
83
Inordertolocateasuitablesitetoaccommodatethethreeprocesses,itwasnecessarytoestablishthekeyfactorsrequiredforsuchasite:
4. Other transport networks
5. Existing industrial infrastructure
6. Potential for future expansion
Goodroadconnectionsareneededformaintenance, thedeliveryofchemicals,externally
manufacturedcomponents,employeesandtourists.Cycleroutestoandthroughthesiteare
alsoanecessityforthetouriststoexperiencethesite.
Industrial sites are usually positioned to minimise disruption to residential areas whilst
maintainingaccessforgoodsandworkers,howeverweenvisagethedevelopmentwillbe
an integral part of everyday lifewithinRhylwithouthavinga largedisconnectionwith the
residentialareas.
OuraimistoexpandfoodgrowthandbiofuelproductionfromRhyltotherestofNorthWales.
Thereforeasitewiththeroomandinfrastructuretoexpandisanecessity.
1. Proximity to growing areas
2. Proximity to recycling centre
3. Proximity to railway
Thedrop-offpointrequiresalocationtobeincloseproximityandhaveanefficienttransport
linktoallthegrowingareas;theestuary,themarinelake,andthecoast.
A close connection to the recycling centre will ease the collection process of reclaimed
materials.
The biofuel and eco-prefab units will require rail and vehicle dispatch after production,
thereforeintegrationwiththerailwaylinewillberequired.
site requirements
84
Chosen Site
5. Existing industrial infrastructure
6. Potential for future expansion
WellingtonRoadandtheCoastRoadbordertheoldamusementparksiteandconnectwith
othermajorroadsthatlinkwithothertownsandtherestofNorthWales.Thereforeitissuitable
forcaranddeliveryaccesswithoutdisruptingtherestofthetown.
Thissitesitsintheheartofthetwomaingrowingareas.Withtransportandaccesspossible
vialandrailandboat.
IfoursiteistoexpandacrosstheMarineLake,aconnectioncanbemadewiththerecycling
centre,whichissituatedonthesouthoftherailway.
Basedonthesiterequirementsitwaspossibletoidentifythemostsuitablesiteforthe
threeprocessesistheoldamusementparksite.
Thissiteislargeenoughtoaccommodatefutureexpansiontomanagethefoodandbiofuel
processesoncetheschemehasbeenexpandedontotherestofNorthWales.
Thesitepreviouslycontainedtheamusementparkandtheadjacentsitehousedanoilworks
factory.Therefore thesitehasprevious industrial andamusementparkheritagewhichwill
relatetotheproposedarchitecturallanguageoftheindustrialprocesses.Bothofthesewere
locatedinthisareatopreventanydisruptionstotherestofthetown.
1. Proximity to growing areas
2. Proximity to recycling centre
3. Proximity to railway
4. Other transport networks
TherailwaybordersthesouthendoftheMarineLake,thereforethelocationcanaccommodate
aterminationpointattherailwaylinetoallowadispatcharea.
85
86
CHAPTER 9:design
key design areas
87
inhabitable pier
amphibiouspark
amphibiouspark
Industrialprocess
amphibiouspark
88
The largest part of the scheme is the area for the industrial
processes.Theaimsforthisareaare:
StrategyThe industrial
Process
• To provide the required accommodation to process food, produce
biofuelandmanufacturebothpermanentandholidayhomes.
• Tocreateanexciting,inspirational,educationalandinteractivejourney,
whichtravelsthrougheachindustrialprocess.
• TocreateauniquetouristexperienceforvisitorstoRhyl.
• Toallowvisitorstointeractwithareasoftheprocess.Theseinteractions
will require zero power, and are self-generating by gravity and
movementfromtheoperatorlinkingwithRhyl’snewimageasacentre
forsustainableexcellence.
Industrialprocess
89
growingarea
assembly &dispatch
arrival &drop off coast road
railway
growing
harbour
marinelake
estuary
LocationEachjourneyisalinearprocess;thereforeinitiallyweidentifiedthelocationforthestartend
ofallprocesses.Thestartissimultaneouslythearrivalpointfortouristsandthedrop-offfor
rawmaterials.This is locatedat thekeynodeof theForydHarbour,whichhasvistaalong
theCoastRoad.Thislocationisatthejunctionbetweentheinhabitablepier,theestuary,the
harbourandthecoastroad.Thisistoallowefficientdeliveriesofthehalophytes,oystersand
recycledmaterials,andtouristarrivalbytrain.
Waterisaddedduringbothchemicalandneutralisationstages,asaresultthebiofuelprocess
needstobelocatedwithincloseproximityofwater.Inthislocation,theindustrialprocesshas
accesstothemarinelake,harbour,inhabitablepier,coastroadandrailway.Themarinelake
provideswateratalltimestotheindustry,theharbourprovidesthedeliveryofthefoodbyboat,
thecoastroadprovidescollectionofthefoodbyvehicleandtherailwayprovidesadispatch
areaforthebiofuelandhomes.
90
Theindustrialprocessisaseriesofbuildingsconnectedbythevisitorwalkways.There
arefourmainbuildingsalongtheindustrialprocess:
• Thearrivaltower
• Thesortingmill
• Thecrushingmill
• Theassemblyanddispatch
Design Concept
91
arrivaltower
sortingmill
dispatch
Crushingmill
92
ThemainvisitorapproachtothearrivalpointisalongtheCoastRoadviatrainsystem,therefore
thearrivalpointrequiresavisualreferencepointthatpromotestheeco-industrialamusement
park.
Fromthearrivalpointtherawmaterialsarestoredinandaroundthetower.Therawmaterials
arethentransportedtoasecondbuildingwherethehalophytes,oystersandrawmaterialsare
sorted.Heretheyareseparatedintohalophytesandoystersforfood,halophytesseedsfor
biofuel,andmaterialsformanufacturing.Thisisthebuildingwherethevisitorchoosesaroute
similartohowthematerialsareseparatedforeachprocess.
Thefoodismovedtoanotherbuildingwhereitiscleaned,packagedanddispatchedalong
therailwayalongtheCoastroadtothemarket.
Theseedsarethentransportedtothecrushingmillwheretheoilisextractedfromtheseeds
usingacrushingmechanismwhichvisitorscaninteractwithaspartoftheirroutethrough.The
mechanismallowsinteractionusingbodymovementtopowerthecrushers.
93
Throughout the industrial journey there are
placeswherevisitorscanobserve, interactor
learn.Activities forchildrenare locatedwithin
thesespaces,providingthemwithwaterbased
activitieswhich are propelled using their own
power.Thisalsoallowsvisitorstohaveregular
breaks after viewing each section of the
process.
The manufacturing route runs parallel to the
biofuel route to allow both products being
dispatchedatthesamepointalongtherailway.
The assembly and dispatch building iswhere
the housing components are assembled and
the biofuel or homesare distributedby rail or
94
Structure and MaterialityTheindustrialprocessusesasteelframedstructure.Steel
is durable and can withstand the heat and temperatures
createdwithineach industrialprocess.Wepropose touse
steelasourmainbuildingmaterialasitlastsformanyyears
andcanberecycledandreusedinfuturebuildings,therefore
itisjustifiedaspartofoursustainableapproach.Steelcan
withstand theweightof the liquidsstoredandusedwithin
the biofuel process andwill be galvanised in cadmium to
protectthematerialfromsaltwaterandfuturerusting.
95
The inhabitable pier is modern flexible pier
that houses temporary and permanent holiday
accommodation. The pier allows units to be
addedorremovedviathetramandcranesystem
based on seasonal demand and it provides a
physical and visual connection between the
amphibiousparkandtheindustrialprocess.
Strategy
Chosen Location
Inhabitable pier
It isbuiltupontheexistingharbourtrainingwall
whichseparatestheharbourfromthebeachand
providesaboatnavigationchannelwhenthetide
isout.Theharbourwallprovidesanexistingand
unique infrastructure to build upon mimicking
theoldRhylPier.Themodernpierallowsvisitors
towalkoutonto theseaand lookbackatnew
Rhyl as well as creating unique tourist holiday
accommodation.
96
Asa response from the still popular caravan parks in the
Rhylarea,weproposeamoderntakeonthecaravanpark,
whichwillprovideauniqueexperienceforholiday-makers.
Existingcaravanparksareintrovertedwithallofthevisitor
facilitiesbeingon-site,ourproposalofan inhabitablepier
wouldallowinhabitantstobemoreconnectedwiththetown,
whichinthiscaseisthecleanbeachandendlesscoastline.
Theformandheightreplicatestheexistingbuildingsonthe
CoastRoad.
Wehaveincorporatedrepetitionintothestructuralelements
of thedesign.Repetitionrelatestothegroynesacrossthe
beach. Groynes are lines of timber posts with planks in
betweenthatflowdownthebeachintothesea.Theyarea
wayofdefendingbeachesfromerodingsidewaysandalso
absorbenergyfromincomingwavestopreventflooding.
Design Concept
Structure & MaterialityTheconstructionwillbeasteel framedsystem,connected
to box trusses. These trusses prevent the structure from
racking,whilstdoublingasacranetomanoeuvrethehousing
intoplace.Thehousewouldarriveviathetramsystem,then
liftedbycraneintothedesiredbay.
Recycledandreclaimedmaterialswillbeusedtobuildthe
houses, adding to our sustainable theme whilst keeping
costsdown.Thepierand thecaravanplug-instructurewill
bemadeusingsteel,withreclaimedtimberforthewalkways.
97
amphibious park& Beach
harbour
plugin caravans
coast roadrailway
98
Strategy
Chosen Location
amphibious park
The amphibious park is a series of elevated walkways
along thecoastwhichadjustwith the tide.Thewalkways
accommodate the oyster nurseries and allow salicornia
plants to growbeneath.The perimeterwalkways provide
space to be utilised as a recreational parkspace aswell
as for industrial food growth. The walkways are sized
adequately to accommodate gathering food during each
harvest.
Theoystersandhalophytesbegingrowthalongtheharbour
wall, expanding from the harbour wall onto the sea.The
parkwillalsobelocatedwithinthemarinelake,alongthe
estuary and as part of the landscape strategywithin the
industrialprocess.AspartoftheRhylmasterplanstrategy
to decrease the density of the area, empty sites will be
occupiedbytheparkscapecreatingagreen-watercorridor
alongtheexistingwaterflowofthe‘cut’.Thepocketparks
willalsoincreasethedesirabilityoflivingwithintheseareas
andincreasethepropertyvalues.
99
amphibiouspark
amphibiouspark
amphibiouspark
100
Tourist Experience
Design Concept
Structure and Materiality
The design has been derived from the existing urban grain. A
gridhasbeendevelopedinrelationtoRhyl’sthreespinalroutes.
The walkways are parallel to the Coast Road spine and the
perpendicular to theHighStreetspine.Thediagonal45degree
gridlinerelatestotheexistinghistoricaldiagonalroutewhichlinks
theCoastRoad toWellingtonRoadand theexisting lineof the
harbourwallwhichflowsatadiagonaltotheCoastRoad.
Thewalkwaysaremanufacturedon-sitewithinthemanufacturing
partof the industrialprocess.Thedeckedwalkway isproduced
using reclaimed timber and is supported by steel columns to
prevent horizontalmovement but allowvertical tidalmovement.
Thebuoyancyiscreatedbyusingrecycledtyreswhicharefilled
withtherecycleddriftwoodcollectedintheestuary.Eachgrowing
spacewillbefilledwithhalophytesoroysternurseries,theoyster
nurserieswillneedtobecontainedwithinplasticcontainersfilled
withmesh,thesecontainerswillbereclaimedplasticpackaging
containers.
101
CHAPTER 10: Design
Tourist Experience
102
The tourist journey commences at the transport hub where tourists arrive by car,
coachorrailandleavetheir transportontheoutskirtswhichwillearnthemgreen
credits.TheythentravelbyRhyl’snewsustainable transport railsystemdownthe
HighstreetandalongtheCoastroad.WhilsttravellingalongtheCoastroad,theywillseethe
amphibiousparkalongthesea,theinhabitablepieralongtheharbourwallandthevistaof
theapproachingarrivaltower.Touriststhentravelthroughthestructureoftheplugincaravans
beforearrivingatthebaseofthearrivaltower.
Touristswillenterthetowerandtraveluptothewalkwaylevelwheretheroutescommence.
Thereare threeroutes: food,biofuelandmanufacturing.Theroutessplitat thesortingmill
where the touristwill decidewhich route to take similar to the sorting process of the raw
materials.
the journey
103
InteractionsThe routes consist of primary and secondary
walkways.Thedirectrouteallowsuserstofollowthe
processbytravellingthroughthebuildingswherethe
processeshappenasbothanobserverorengaging
with the process by a number of playful, energetic
interactions.
Thesecondarywalkwaysallowvisitors to leave the
primarywalkwayand investigateotherareasof the
industrialprocesssuchastheamphibiousparkscape,
takeshorterroutes,orinteractandplaywiththewater
orslideelements.
Theinteractionsarealsoeducationalwithanumber
of spaces dedicated to showing how the process
works by replicating the process at a human scale
andembeddingwithinthewalkways.
PrimaryroutesSecondaryrouteReturnRoutePlaypavilions
104
PlayTowertoInhabitablePier
BridgetoTowertoplaytower
Playpavilions
WellingtonRoadtoCrushingmilltoPlayTower
PlayPavilions
105
The routes consist of primary and secondary walkways.The direct route allows users to
followtheprocessbytravellingthroughthebuildingswheretheprocesseshappenasbothan
observerorengagingwiththeprocessbyanumberofplayful,energeticinteractions.
Thesecondarywalkwaysallowvisitors to leave theprimarywalkwayand investigateother
areasof the industrialprocesssuchas theamphibiousparkscape, takeshorter routes,or
interactandplaywiththewaterorslideelements.
The interactionsarealsoeducationalwithanumberof spacesdedicated toshowinghow
theprocessworksby replicating theprocessatahumanscaleandembeddingwithin the
walkways.
Vistas
106
StrategyThe Arrival Tower
Thetowerhasthefollowingaims:
• Thetoweristhepointofarrivalfortourists
and is subsequently the start of the
industrialprocess.
• To act as an awareness beacon to show
Rhylisthecentreforsustainableexcellence.
• TobeabillboardadvertisementfortheEco-
industrialAdventurePark.
• To perform a function at the start of the
industrialprocess.
• To replace the vertical reference point of
theexistingskytower.
Fromourcommunitysurveys,membersofthe
publicfeeltheskytowerisunsightlyhowever
they appreciate how it acts as a vertical
referencepointwhenapproachingRhyl.
“The Sky Tower is an unsightly pole on the
landscapenexttotheChildren’sVillage,apart
fromactingasavisualreferencepointsoyou
can locateRhyl fromadistance; it posesno
function,andislocatedatapointwhichdoesn’t
relatetoanything.”
107
The tower aims to create a theatrical performance
of moving elements creating factory-machine-type
architecture.Thetowerperformsthecollectionprocess
from the drop-off area by picking up the halophytes
from the boats and railway and storing them within
cylinderslocatedinthetower.
Thedesignconcepthasbeenderivedfromanumber
ofRhyl’spastandpresentfeatures;
• Thenewcyclebridgehasamechanicaldraw-
bridge action.The towermimics this action to allow
thestartofthewalkwaytobeclosedoffwhenout-of-
hours.
• Thestoragecylindersforthehalophytesrelate
to thegas cylinders thatwerepreviously locatedon
the same site.The cylinders expand and compress
similartothegascylindersdependingonthecapacity
ofhalophytes.
• Thepickingupcollectionprocesshasanaction
similar to thearcadegrabbergamewhich relates to
Rhyl’samusementparkheritageinaplayfulway.
• One viewing platform is at a lower level and
allowsviewsoverthenaturereserveandtheIrishSea.
• At the highest level, platforms are in every
direction to allow panoramic views of the entire
industrial process from growing to dispatch and the
restofRhyl.
Design Reasoning
108
LocationTheexistinglocationwasalongtheCoastRoadadjacenttotheChildren’sVillage,howeverthetower
failedtorelatetoanyexistingvistasorurbangrain.
WeproposetolocatethetowertotheoneofthekeynodeswithinRhyl–theForydHarbour,witha
keyvistaalongtheCoastRoad.
Thislocationisatthestartoftheindustrialprocessandthearrivalpointfortouristsandissubsequently
thepointatwhichthefoodandrawmaterialsaredroppedoffviarailandboatfromthetwocollection
areas.
railwayroute at gf
new bridge& nature
plugincaravans
harbour
walkwaylevel
storagecylinders
accesscore
movinggrabber
fooddrop-offbyboat
109
Thetoweristheheadquartersandcontrolpointfortheindustrialprocesses.Itprovidesstorage
fortheHalophytes,hasanumberofviewingplatforms,aneducationalresearchfacility,tourist
informationpoint,ashopandcafé.
The structure is steel-framed using reclaimedmaterials where possible for the platforms,
claddedareasand stairs.The tower hasa central steel core to provide structural stability
whichincludesthestairs,liftandservices.Thetoweriselevatedabovethegroundtoenable
thetowercanbeshutoffduringout-of-hours,allowthegrabbermechanismcanmovealong
the primary structure vertically and horizontally, and to allow the rail system can drop-off
passengersatthebaseofthetower.Thereisasecondarysteelstructurewhichhousesthe
storagecylindersandallowsthecylinderstoexpandandcontractsimilartogascylinders.
Structure & MaterialityThestructure issteel-framedusing reclaimedmaterialswherepossible for theplatforms,cladded
areasandstairs.Thetower’smainstructuralelementisasteelcorethatprovidesstabilityandincludes
thestairs,liftandservices.Thetoweriscantileveredoffthecoreandelevatedabovethegroundto
enablethetowertobeshutoffduringout-of-hours.Theelevatedpartofthetowerallowsthegrabber
mechanismtomovealongtheprimarystructureverticallyandhorizontally,andallowstherailsystem
todrop-offpassengersatthebaseofthetower.Thesecondarysteelstructurehousesthestorage
cylindersandallowsthemtoexpandandcontractsimilartogascylinders.
110
StrategyThe Coastal Road
Caravan PluginTheCaravanPluginrelatestothestillpopularcaravan
parksintheareaandthemanufacturingelementto
the industrial process.TheCaravanPlugin has the
followingaims:
• Provide a modern update on the caravan and
compactlivingbynewpassivehouseholidayand
permanenthomes.
• ToextendandmaintaintheexistingCoastRoad
frontage.
• Toimprovetheefficiencyofland-useforacaravan
park.
• Tohaveaself-sufficientcranemechanismtohoist
eachcaravanintoposition.
LocationTheCaravanPlugin follows theexisting lineof the
Coastal road frontage and extends to provide a
backdroptotheharbour.
Traditionally, the hotels and lodging houses were
locatedalongtheCoastalfrontagetoprovideviews
acrosstheIrishSea,beachandharbour.Therefore
the desirability for staying in such locations still
remains.Bylocatingincloseproximitytotheindustry,
thedwellingswhichhavebeenmanufacturedon-site
maintainavisualconnectioncreatinganawareness
ofRhyl’snewindustrialimagealsoinspiringvisitors
totakeatouralongthethreeindustrialroutes.
111
DesignThedesignconcepthasdevelopedtoincorporatethetown’smarineandamusementpark
heritage. Historically, the railway bridge and harbour integrated a series of cranes and
mechanismsduringRhyl’smaritimepast.The industrialandstructuralaesthetic relates to
thefunfairridesoncehistoricallylocatedonthesamesite.
Wehaveincorporatedrepetitionintothestructuralelementsofthedesign.Repetitionrelates
tothegroynesacrossthebeach.Groynesarelinesoftimberpostswithplanksinbetween
thatflowdownthebeachintothesea.Theyareawayofdefendingbeachesfromeroding
sidewaysandalsoabsorbenergyfromincomingwavestopreventflooding.
112
Thebuildingplaniszonedwiththerailwaypassingthroughand
deckaccesstoeachcaravanontheharbourside,thecrane
mechanismontheIndustryside,withthedwellinginbetween.
ThedwellingsareorientatedwiththelivingspaceSouthfacing
providingaccessfromtheNorthwalkwayviathekitchen.Both
South and North sides of each unit have an internal buffer
zone.
Thedwellingscanbepositionedtohavea5mterraceoneither
theNorthorSouthandunitscanbeclosedupwhennotinuse.
Thebuildingisdesignedtocontainonedwellingineach5x
15metrebay,whicharearrangedinbaysof10,withaccess
coresateachend.Openbayswhicharecommunalterraces
alignwithtwokeyvistastomaintainsight-lines.
Thestructureissteel-framedusingreclaimedmaterialswhere
TowerAccess
Cranemechanismrailway
113
railwayTheconstructionwillbeasteelframedsystem,connectedtoboxtrusses.Thesetrussespreventthe
structurefromracking,whilstdoublingasacranetomanoeuvrethehousingintoplace.Thehouse
wouldarriveviathetramsystem,thenliftedbycraneintothedesiredbay.
Structure & Materiality
114
The Crushing MillStrategyTheCrushingMillhousesthemostimportantprocessduring
thebiofuelprocess. It is thepointwhere theoil isextracted
fromthehalophyteseedbyacrushingaction.TheCrushing
Millhasthefollowingaims:
• To perform the crushing process and house a series of
crushingmechanisms.
• Tobethemostcelebratedeventduringthetouristjourney.
• To contain three visitor routes; an interactive route, an
observation route and the route from Wellington road
throughtotheMarineLake.
• Toprovideaninteractiveexperienceusingbodymovement
topowercrushers.
LocationThebuildingislocatedwithintheIndustrialprocess,alongthe
biofuel route anddirectly after the sortingmill. It is aligned
centraltoWellingtonroadtoallowavistaandroutethrough
thecentreofthebuildingthroughtotheMarineLake.
115
DesignTo celebrate the crushing action and relate to the theme of
interactiveplay,themotionmimicsthehammeractiononapiano.
Wehaveadaptedtheactionsothatwhenakeypointexperiences
averticalforcesuchastheweightofapersonjumping,ittriggers
thecrushertomove.
The interactivewalkway isat ahigher level and theobservation
andWellingtonroadwalkwaysareatalowerlevel.
The crushingmechanisms are aligned perpendicular to the two
main routes through the building so people can experience the
crushermovingoverhead.
116
Structure &MaterialityThebuildingis50mx70mx35mhigh,
and isabox-trussed framestructure
topreventtherequirementforinternal
columns.Thebuilding iscladmostly
is glass to allow visual connections
intoseetheglimpsesofthecrushing
process,andouttoseeotherplayful
elements of the site. The crushing
hammersareheldupbyasecondary
steelstructure. Conclusion
117
CHAPTER 1 1:Conclusion
118
Asstatedwithinourintroduction,ouraimatthebeginningof
theprojectwastoestablisharealcurrent,sociallyorientated
subjectmatter, located in theUK.This leduson tochoose
an area that was targeted for regeneration that had high
deprivationlevelsandunusuallyhighstatisticsforissuessuch
asunemployment,benefits,poorhealthandeducation.Asa
resultthisledustochooseRhylasourstudyofplace.
Rhylwasoncea thrivingseasideholidaydestinationwhich
wasonceknownforitsseasaltbathing,arecentreportshows
thatthesestandardshaverecentlydroppedandasaresultthe
‘mandatorybathingwaterstandards’havenotbeenpassed.
TheForydharbouriscurrentlyunderutilisedwithlittlefishing
trips.Initsprime,Rhylwastheepicentrefortrawlersandlarger
fishingvessels.Weproposetoexpandontheexistingfishing
industryanddevelopamoresubstantialmarineharbour.
Rhyl has seen its promenadego throughdecadesof over-
development,whichhasresultedinmanyvacantspaces,such
as theeventsarena.Aseriesofoverpricedandunderused
projectsalsolitterthepromenade,disconnectingthetownfrom
thebeach,mostnotably theSunCentreand theChildren’s
Village,whichhaveshorttermsplanstobedemolished.This
alsomeansmoreandmorebuildingsandsitesarebecoming
derelictanddormant,suchasthesiteofthepreviousOcean
Beachamusementpark,whereplansforredevelopmenthave
stalledsince2007,leavinganabandonedconstructionsite.
Location
Problems
119
At thebeginningof theproject a number of key aimswere
identified, to re-brand the sea-side town, creating a new
industry, providingemployment, redefiningwhat constitutes
theBritishseasideholidayandgenerating innovativetourist
attractionstobringbacktheholidaymaker.
Thecatalystdevelopmentsarenewgreenindustries,localised
toRhylprovidingsubstantialemployment.Resultinginaneco-
industrialadventurepark,focusedonthreemainindustries,of
foodproduction,biofuelproductionandmanufacturing.
Eventually resulting in developing Rhyl as the centre of
excellenceforsustainabilityandsustainableliving.
Theschemeprovidesemployment,raisesawarenessofup-
cycling, bio-fuel production, oyster farming and halophyte
growingandpersonalcarbonallowances.Andprovideson-
siteresearchpodsforeachofthenewindustrialtechnologies,
connectingwitheducationalestablishmentsintheregion.
Now Rhyl has been developed as the initial prototype and
establisheditselfastheWelshindustrialcentreforsustainability.
Weinvisagetheindustriescanexpandtofollowthecoast-line
toregenerateseasidetownswithsimilarproblemsandsimilar
naturalattributes.Rhylcanmaintainitsstatusastheindustrial
centreprovidingthetownsinvolvedadoptsimilarinfrastructure
forgrowingandtransportation.
Aims
The Architectural Response
Future Expansion
120
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