Thursday, February 9, 201225 days of class until

the SATP82 calendar days until

the SATP

No time to lose!!!!

Objective for Today

• 3d- Analyze the origins and development of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies including ideology, technology, economics, and geography.

• Basically we will look at Capitalism vs Communism(Economics and Ideology), The Korean War(Geography), The Bay of Pigs Invasion(Geography), and The Cuban Missile Crisis(Technology and Geography).

THE COLD WAR HEATS UP

US and USSR are trying to each control as many countries as possible!!!

Stalin and the USSR United States

In the Cold War, the US and the USSR were both trying to dominate the world with their particular political

and economic systems.

Capitalism • Wealth is based on

competition among people• Businesses dominate• Unequal distribution of

wealth results (really poor and really rich…)

Communism• Wealth is distributed by the

state to ensure that each person has an equal amount

• The idea is that everybody has what they need…nobody has 5 houses while others live on the street

Cold War standoff!!!

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Warsaw Pact (Stalin and his communist buddies)

US Strategy on USSR: Containment

Berlin Airlift

Truman Doctrine:Aid to Greece and Turkey to

fight communism

Marshall Plan:Aid to rebuild Europe…And to discourage countries from communism

Today’s examples of Containment

Korean War: fighting Communists

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Cuba

THE KOREAN WAR

American soldiers in the Korean war

What caused the Korean War?

Japan had ruled Korea since 1910. At the end of WWII, Japanese forces in the north surrendered to

the Soviets. In the south, the Japanese surrendered to the Americans.

2 nations then developed.

North:Communist

South:Democracy

They were separated by the 38th parallel, an imaginary line that divides Korea at 38 degrees north

latitude.

In June 1950, North Korea, with Soviet support, started the Korean

War by invading South Korea.

Truman was afraid another Asian

nation was about to fall to

communism.

Truman ordered air & naval support for South Korea.

President Truman signing a proclamation declaring a national emergency that initiates U.S. involvement in the Korean War.

This cartoon by the British cartoonist David Low, from the Daily Herald (30 Jun 1950), shows Truman and the United Nations rushing to

Korea’s aid.

Then the United Nations agreed to help South Korea.

Troops from 16 nations – most of them American – were sent to South Korea.

They were led by General Douglas MacArthur.

President Truman and General Douglas MacArthur

North Korean troops moved steadily south.

They conquered the South Korean capital of Seoul.

Then MacArthur launched a counterattack.

His forces trapped about ½ the North Korean Army, which surrendered.

MacArthur’s success in Korea made him a national hero.

North Korean prisoners of war under guard

In this photograph, Koreans suspected of being Communists are held by anti-Communist South

Korean troops.

UN & South Korean forces advanced toward the 38th parallel.

If they crossed it, the war would become an offensive rather than a

defensive one.

For 2 years, fighting continued. But neither side advanced.

MacArthur wanted to extend the war into China. He even suggested dropping atomic bombs on China. Truman was against this strategy. The Soviets were allies of the Chinese. Truman felt

bombing China would start WWIII.

A cease-fire went into effect in June 1951Both sides agreed on a demilitarized zone at

the 38th parallel.

North Korea

South Korea

38th Parallel

An armistice was signed in July 1953.

The agreement was a stalemate. Korea

was still divided b/w Communist N.

Korea & non-Communist S.

Korea.

Bay of Pigs InvasionThe island nation of Cuba, right next to the United States, became communist in 1959, led by Fidel Castro.

Cuba

Bay of Pigs invasion

President John F. Kennedy Fidel Castro

Cuban leader

Bay of Pigs Invasion

The United States, under President Kennedy, decided to train former Cuban citizens who had defected from Cuba to invade the island and overthrow Castro.

Cuban Missile CrisisWe found out that the Soviets were putting nuclear weapons bases on Cuba…Cuba is right by the US…so we thought they were getting ready to drop nuclear bombs on us.

Cuba

Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviet Intermediate Range Nuclear Ballistic Missile

Cuban Missile Crisis

US ResponsePresident Kennedy set up a blockade around Cuba to prevent the Soviets from shipping in more missiles

Blockade of Cuba

American ships

Review: Today’s examples of Containment

1. Korean War

2. Bay of Pigs invasion

3. Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuba