Post on 18-Nov-2014
description
transcript
(1370–1526)
Presented byAiman Naseem
Sundus Hussain
Bilal Khan
Mohd.Raghib
Hamzah
TIMURID ARCHITECTURE
CONTENTS
Introduction
General characteristic
I. Domes
II. Arches & Vaults
III. Minarets
Case Studies
I. BIBI KHANUM MOSQUE
II. ULUGH-BEGH MADARSA
III. MAUSOLEUM of KHWAJA AHMAD YASAWI
References
INTRODUCTION• This architecture is
named after a builder Timur.
• Timurid architecture was the pinnacle of Islamic art in central Asia(Samarqand, Bukhara, Herat).
• Timurid architecture started with the
Sanctuary of Ahmed Yasawi in present-day Kazakhstan
& Culminated in Timur's
mausoleum Gur-e Amir in Samarkand.
• It drew on I. Centrally planned &II. Highly symmetrical plans
• The style is largely derived from Persian architecture.
• Axial symmetry is a characteristic of all major Timurid structures, notably the Shah-e Zendah in Samarkand and the mosque of Gowhar Shad in Mashhad.
Shah-e-Zendah, south-eastern Uzbekistan, 13th–15th century
Mosque of Gowhar Shad in Mashhad, Iran
GENERAL CHARECTISTICS
Timurid architecture combines
I. Centrally planned
II. Symmetrical Persian structures with Central Asian decorative elements.
Baked brick (270x270x70mm) was used to construct most Timurid buildings.
Exteriors of the buildings were decorated with
I. Polychrome tile mosaics
II. Under glaze painted tiles.
Timurid buildings are known for their
I. Monumental scale,
II. Multiple minarets,
III. Polychromic tile work,
IV. Bulbous double domes.
V. Axial symmetry
Used gilded papier-mache extensively in the interior of their buildings.
DOMES
Most Timurid buildings have double-shell domes with a thick outer dome and a thin inner dome.
The outer dome is
I. Tall
II. Melon-shaped
III. Ribbed
IV. Decorated with colourful tiles.
Vaults supporting the domes were not only structurally complex but dazzlingly decorated with traditional Islamic muqarnas.
SMOOTH DOME
RIBBED DOME
38m high from ground
MINARETS• Most of the minarets in Tiumrid Architecture are found with a
round capping at the top, decorated with turquoise & Blue colours.
BIBI KHANUM MOSQUE
TYPES OF MINARETS USED IN TIMRUID ARCHITECTURE
Friday Mosque in Herat, Afghanistan
Masjid-i Gawhar Shad, Mashhad, Iran
Variety of arch forms were used -round, two-, three-, and center arches.
ARCHES
CASE STUDIES
1. BIBI KHANUM MOSQUE
2. ULUGH-BEGH MADARSA
3. MASUOLEUM of Khwaja Ahmad Yasawi
1 0F 3 BIBI KHANUM MOSQUE
• Named after Timur's favorite wife, Saray Mulk Khanum.
• Construction begun in 1398-1399.
• The basic structure was rectangular in shape, measuring 109 by 167 meters.
• It featured four units :-I. A large entrance portalII. The main sanctuaryIII. Two smaller side mosques.
• These four units were linked by hypostyle arcades.
BASIC PLAN
Main sanctuary
Large entrance portal
Two iwans
NSymmetrical
View of BIBI KHANUM MOSQUE
MAIN DOMERIBBED
SMALLER DOMES
MAIN ENTRANCE
COURTYARD
INTERIOR OF MOSQUE
Kufic designs Mosaic tiles
Tiles inset in brick and stone. Incised marble and terracotta.
The domes were covered in inscription, the smaller ones in naskhi, the larger one in kufic.
All three domes were originally finished in light blue tile on top of a zone of muqarnas.
Restoration of the monument. Comparison of the overall view in 1969, 1991, 1996, and 1999.Restoration work was carried by Govt.
1969 1991
1996 1999
2 of 3 ULUGH BEG MADARSASamarkand, Uzbekistan
•Located on the registan square, Samarkand Uzbekistan.
•Rectangular in shape 56x81m, and encloses a courtyard.
•There are minaret & Dome at each of its four corners.
•34.7 m tall entrance portal on the façade with lancet arch.
•Trademarks of the Timruid style were I. Monumental scaleII. Multiple minaretsIII. Polychromic tile work IV. Large bulbous double
domes.PISHTAQ
Smaller Entrances
Rectangular in shape 56x81m Two other nearby Madrasa
Courtyard
The Entrance Arch(with Lancet Arch)
Registan Square
OVERVIEW OF ULUGH BEG MADARSA
COURTYARD
MINARET
PLAN OF ULUGH BEG MADARSA
SIDE ENTRANCE
MAIN ENTRANCE
(with Lancet Arch)
DOME
Deep galleries Containing Lecture rooms & dormitory Cells
Decoration of the madarsah, emphasizes the colour BLUE, with light and dark blue tiles.
Mosaic panel over the iwan’s entrance arch is decorated by Geometrical stylized ornaments.
The square courtyard includes
I. Mosque
II. 02 Lecture rooms
III. 50 Dormitory cells
There are deep galleries along the axis.
3 OF 3 MAUSOLEUM OF
KHWAJA AHMAD YASAWI
Located in southern
Kazakh city of Turkestan. Built during the reign of
Mongolian conqueror (Timur-i Lang) (1370-1405)
Construction spanned almost 16 years.
The structure is rectangular in plan, measuring 45.8 × 60m
The primary material used for the building is
I. Fired brick mixed with mortar
II. Gypsum
III. Clay
DOME
Main Entrance
Meeting rooms & Refectory
Mausoleum of Khwaja Ahmad Yasawi
Main entrance to the complex is from the southeast into the large square assembly hall (18sqm), which is covered with a conical dome, the largest in Central Asia.
The dome is
I. 18.2 m in dia & is 38.7 m high.
II. Clad with a mosaic of light blue tiles with gold patterns
III. Raised on a square and octagonal drum to the height of the portal.
The decoration of the shrine
complex is concentrated on the exterior.
The interior decoration is limited to
I. Plaster Muqarnas
II. Carvings in the dome surface
III. Pendentives of the assembly hall, the mausoleum and the mosque.
Layers of clay reaching a depth of 1.5 m, to prevent the water penetration, were used for the original foundation.
REFERENCES
http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=3167 http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/themes/saylor/
curriculum http://www.worldarchitecture.org/islamic-architecture-
influence-on-iranian-architecture.html
E-BOOKs Golombek, L. and Wilber, D. eds. 1988. The Timurid
Architecture of Iran and Turan. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 228-230.
B. O'Kane, Timurid Architecture in Khurassan, Costa Mesa, CA 1987.
THANK YOU