T/O: MAP BASICS (6.3A) EQ : How do I read a map?.

transcript

T/O: MAP BASICS (6.3A)

EQ: How do I read a map?

What is a Globe?

• A globe is a model of the earth • Globes show the earth’s:– Shape– Lands– Distances– Directions

COMPASS ROSE

• A symbol on every map that tells you where the CARDINAL DIRECTIONS are positioned

• CARDINAL DIRECTIONS – NORTH– SOUTH– EAST – WEST

Hemispheres• To locate places on the earth, geographers use a

system of imaginary lines that crisscross the globe

• The EQUATOR circles the middle of the earth like a belt– Equator divides the earth into “half spheres” or

Hemispheres• Everything NORTH of the Equator is in the Northern

Hemisphere• Everything SOUTH of the Equator is in the Southern

Hemisphere

Hemispheres• Another imaginary line runs from north to south

• It helps divide the earth into EASTERN & WESTERN Hemispheres

• The PRIME MERIDIAN circles the earth from NORTH to SOUTH

• Everything EAST of the Prime Meridian is in the Eastern Hemisphere• Everything WEST of the Prime Meridian is in the Western

Hemisphere

Hemispheres

• The EQUATOR & the PRIME MERIDIAN are the starting points for two sets of lines used to find ANY location.

LATITUDE

• PARALLELS circle the earth like stacked rings & show LATITUDE– LATITUDE – distance measured in degrees NORTH

& SOUTH of the EQUATOR• The letter N or S following the degree symbol tells you

if the location is north or south of the Equator• The North Pole is at 90’N (North) Latitude• The South Pole is at 90’S (South) Pole

LATITUDE

• Some very important parallels (LATITUDE) in between the poles are:

• Tropic of Cancer is at 23 ½’ N latitude

• Tropic of Capricorn is at 23 ½’ S latitude– The sun NEVER goes directly overhead N or S of the

Tropics

• Arctic Circle is at 66 ½’ N latitude• Antarctic Circle is at 66 ½’ S latitude

LONGITUDE

• MERIDIANS run from pole to pole & crisscross parallels

• MERIDIANS signify LONGITUDE

– LONGITUDE – distance measured in degrees EAST or WEST of the PRIME MERIDIAN

– PRIME MERIDIAN = 0’ longitude• On the opposite side of the earth is the 180’ meridian,

also called the International Date Line

LOCATION

• Lines of latitude & longitude cross each other in the form of a grid system

• You can find a place’s ABSOLUTE LOCATION by naming the exact latitude & longitude lines that a place is located on earth

LOCATION

• RELATIVE LOCATION is where one place is in relation to another place

QUIZ tomorrow• There will be a short 5 question quiz

tomorrow over this information.

• Make sure you look over your notes

• We will play a game tomorrow using what you learned about LOCATION

T/O: (6.3A)

EQ: How do I study geography?HW – 20 Items WS

Warm Up!

• On a piece of notebook paper, write directions on how you would walk home from 5000 Hires Lane. (The front of Haltom Middle school. )

• Ex. – Turn right onto Friendly Lane– Take first left onto Dana Drive– Take first right onto Haltom Road– Turn right onto Airport Freeway

Geography• Everything you see, touch, use, and even hear is

related to geography

• Geography is the study of the world’s people, places, and environments.

• How can we possibly study such a huge amount of information in this class? Where do we start?

Geography

• Geographers are people who study geography

• To understand how our world is connected, some geographers have broken down the study of geography into five themes.

5 Themes of Geography• The 5 Themes of

Geography are:

1) Location2) Place3) Human/Environment Interaction4) Movement5) Regions

T/O: (6.3A) CONTINUED

EQ: How do I study geography?HW Due – 20 Items WS

Six Essential Elements1) The World in Spatial Terms• Geographers first take a look at where a

place is located• LOCATION – “Where is it?”– Knowing location of places helps you to

orient yourself in space and to develop an awareness of the world around you

Six Essential Elements2) Places and Regions• PLACE includes those features and

characteristics that give an area its own identity or personality.– Physical Characteristics – landforms, climate,

plants, & animals– Human Characteristics – language, religion,

architecture, music, politics, & way of life

Six Essential Elements2) Places and Regions• To make sense of all the complex things in the

world, geographers often group places or areas into regions

• REGION – a group of places united by one or more common characteristics

Six Essential Elements3) Physical Systems• When studying places & regions,

geographers analyze how physical systems, such as volcanoes, glaciers, and hurricanes, interact & shape the earth’s surface

Six Essential Elements3) Physical Systems• Geographers also look at ecosystems, or

communities of plants and animals that are dependent upon one another & their particular surroundings for survival

Six Essential Elements4) Human Systems• Geographers examine

human systems– HUMAN SYSTEMS –

how people have shaped our world

– An ongoing theme in geography is the continual MOVEMENT of people, ideas, & goods.

Six Essential Elements5) Environment and Society• HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION is

how & why people change their surroundings• An example of H.E.I. is when people cut down forests

to build farms &/or cities

Six Essential Elements6) The Uses of Geography• Understanding geography prepares you

for life in our modern society

• Maps are made to scale; that is, there is a direct connection between a unit of measurement on the map and the actual distance.– For example, each inch on the map represents one

mile on Earth. So, a map of a town would show a mile-long strip of fast food joints and auto dealers in one inch.

Time Zones

• The Earth is divided into 24 time zones, corresponding to 24 hours in a day.

• As the earth rotates, the sun shines in different areas, moving from east to west during the course of a day.

• Places that have the same longitude will be in the same time zone.

EQ: How do I study geography?HW Due – 20 Items WS

Warm Up

• Work with your partner to finish tallying the 20 items (40 total between both partners)

• As groups finish, students will be asked to come to input their information into the chart on the board.

LEGEND / KEY

• Identifies the symbols used on a map

Can you understand this legend?

Age Expectancy

Legend

MAP TYPES

• 1) Physical Map– Call out

landforms & water resources

MAP TYPES

• 2) Political Map– Show the names

and boundaries of countries, the location of cities & other human-made features of a place, often identifying major physical features

MAP TYPES – SPECIAL PURPOSE

• 3) Vegetation Map– show different

colors for different vegetation in a specific area

MAP TYPES

• 4) LAND USE– A map that shows

the types & intensities of different land uses in a particular area.

MAP TYPES

• 5) CLIMATE MAP– The purpose is

usually to show which areas get the most rainfall

MAP TYPES

• 6) POPULATION MAP– Purpose is to show

population of a specific city, state, continent, etc.

EQ: How does what I study relate to me?

Bar Graphs

turkey

cheese

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

BoysGirls

Uses bars or wide lines to compare data visually

Line Graph

Series10

GirlsBoys

Useful tool for showing changes over a period of time

Circle Graphs

17%17%

Manufactuing by Continent

Europe AsiaNorth America South AmericaAustrailia AfricaWhen you

want to show how the WHOLE part of something that is divided into its parts.

PictographUse rows of small pictures or symbols

Each symbol represents an amount

Climograph•AKA Climate graph•Combines a line graph and a bar graph•Shows the overall picture of the climate, the long term weather patterns

Diagrams•Drawings that show steps in a process, point out the parts of an object or explain how something works.•Elevation profile•Type of diagram that can be helpful when comparing the elevations of an area

Database

• Database - an organized collection of data.

Period North America

South America Europe Africa Asia Australia

3 189 9 10 2 303 8

Database

4 192 24 32 5 310 1

Database

5 182 7 15 2 287 2

Database

6 142 16 8 8 268 1

Database

7 231 10 12 4 294 9

Database

8 174 8 8 0 307 1

Database• The data are typically organized to model

aspects of reality in a way that supports

processes requiring information.

3 189 9 10 2 303 8

4 192 24 32 5 310 1

5 182 7 15 2 287 2

6 142 16 8 8 268 1

7 231 10 12 4 294 9

8 174 8 8 0 307 1

Manufacturing by Continent

North America South America EuropeAfrica Asia Australia

3rd Period

4th Period

5th Period

6th Period

2%2%1%

7th Period

8th Period

Database• The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in

a way that supports processes requiring information.

ALL 1110 74 85 21 1769 22

2%3%1%

All Periods

ASSIGNMENT:

Australia

Africa

Europe

South America

North America

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350

3rd Period

Using the data from our class, you will create a line graph & bar graph to represent the data

ASSIGNMENT:

Australia

Africa

Europe

South America

North America

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350

4th Period

ASSIGNMENT:

Australia

Africa

Europe

South America

North America

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350

5th Period

ASSIGNMENT:

Australia

Africa

Europe

South America

North America

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350

6th Period

ASSIGNMENT:

Australia

Africa

Europe

South America

North America

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350

7th Period

ASSIGNMENT:

Australia

Africa

Europe

South America

North America

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350

8th Period

ASSIGNMENT

Australia

Africa

Europe

South America

North America

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

All Classes

T/O: MAP BASICS (6.3A) EQ : How do I read a map?.

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