Post on 04-Oct-2020
transcript
To sum it up…
Prof. Dr. Peter König
Institute of Automotive Technology
Trier University of Applied Sciences 1
03.09.2015 Prof. Dr. Peter König 2
Potentials of Autonomous Driving
Autonomous Driving is the key enabler for
- improving road safety
- improving traffic flow
- improving fuel efficiency and pollution
- improving quality of life and comfort
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A Word on Road Safety…
Global Status Report on Road Safety: - per year about 1.24 million people die annually in traffic accidents - additionally 20 - 50 million people get hurt in traffic accidents - the total loss of traffic accidents counts for more than $100B per year
WHO
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Autonomous Driving is the key enabler for
- improving road safety
- improving traffic flow
- improving fuel efficiency and pollution
- improving quality of life and comfort
Potentials of Autonomous Driving
03.09.2015 Prof. Dr. Peter König 5
A Word on Traffic Flow…
Continuous growth of megalopolises: - more than 10 mega cities with population of more than 10 million - more than 20 regions globally in which mega cities and suburbs adjoin each other - enabling mobility will be top priority for the future society
Java (Jakarta - Tangerang): 143,000,000 Taiheiyō Belt, Japan (Chiba – Fukuoka): 80,000,000 Pearl River Delta (Hong Kong - Quanzhou): 70,000,000 Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai - Ma'anshan): 88,000,000 Bohai Economic Rim (Beijing - Qingdao): 66,400,000 Blue Banana (London, Benelux, Rhine-Ruhr, Milan): 130,000,000 Great Lakes (ChiPitts): 55,600,000 Northeast (BosWash): 55,200,000 Quebec City – Windsor Corridor: 18,000,000
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Potentials of Autonomous Driving
Autonomous Driving is the key enabler for
- improving road safety
- improving traffic flow
- improving fuel efficiency and air pollution
- improving quality of life and comfort
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A Word on Fuel Economy…
Continuous demand for mobilization:
China
Republic of China
Need for oil:
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Potentials of Autonomous Driving
Autonomous Driving is the key enabler for
- improving road safety
- improving traffic flow
- improving fuel efficiency and air pollution
- improving quality of life and comfort
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The Future Way of Life…
Increasing demand for comfort and privacy during transportation
Bild: Themann
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Expectations on future mobility
Autonomous Driving is the key enabler for
- improving road safety
- improving traffic flow
- improving fuel efficiency and air pollution
- improving quality of life and comfort
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… so what is our future looking like?
03.09.2015 Prof. Dr. Peter König 12
… so what is your future looking like?
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Technology will replace the Human
Perception-Action approach to fullfill driving task
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Human Data Processing during Driving
Relevance of non-predictible intuition based action during driving
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Human Data Processing during Driving
Relevance of non-predictible intuition based action during driving
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Human Data Processing during Driving
Relevance of non-predictible intuition based action during driving
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Human Data Processing during Driving
Relevance of non-predictible intuition based action during driving
Todays infrastructure presupposes personal experience and intuition. A human filled data base can never be as updated as all humans life experience. So introducing autonomous driving is possible if we either - accept higher risks for accidents in special cases (esp. rural areas) or - provide an adapted infrastructure that does not postulate intuition.
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Infrastructure for Autonomous Driving
Concepts for a future infrastructure
Audi, Höweler +Yoon Architecture
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Infrastructure for improved Road Safety
Concepts how to improve road safety in a medieval infrastructure
Pedestrian fatalities per million habitants
Netherlands
SWOV, 2006
„Sustainable Safety“ - Concept starting 1995
- definition of new categories for streets based on either separation or combination of unequal traffic flows at different speeds - target is mono-functionality of all streets for pass-through / distribution / arrival - increase of top speed on highways - increase of top speed on distribution roads - reduction of top speed on arrival streets - limitation of max. length of arrival streets
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Road Traffic Data
Protection of Vulnerable Road Users
As long as we can not realize
separated traffic flows for
unequal road users
we need to focus on the
protection of vulnerable road users
as e.g. 2-wheelers and pedestrian.
WHO
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Pedestrian Protection
Introduction of Pedestrian Protection Requirements in NCAP and UN R127
EuroNCAP
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Pedestrian Protection
Lower Leg Impactor Test in order to reduce injury
Flexible Pedestrian Leg Impactor Flex-PLI
Flex-PLI intro 2014
TRL-leg since 1997
Impact Speed: 40 kph
24.5 mph
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Pedestrian Protection
Autonomous Emergency Braking AEB in order to avoid injury
Video Camera Radar
Volvo, EuroNCAP
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Pedestrian Protection
Implementation of Radar, Ultra Sonic Sensors and Laser Scanners
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NC
AP
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Pedestrian Protection
Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers - Top View
Definition of testing
area acc. to UN R127
60°
Concept: Implementation of „PedPro Corners“
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Pedestrian Protection
Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers - Top View
Definition of testing area
according to NCAP
includes hard structures
below bumper!
60°
Concept: Elimination of hard structures outside of „PedPro Corners“
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Pedestrian Protection
Design Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers
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Pedestrian Protection
Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers - Side View
Impactor wraps around the bumper
bending limits are exceeded „old“
designs
Concept 1) „flat nose“
design
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Pedestrian Protection
Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers - Side View
Impactor wraps around the bumper
bending limits are exceeded „old“
designs
Concept 2) „rotation“
design
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Pedestrian Protection
Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers
Concepts: - 130 mm of soft foam in front of hard bumper beam - hard lower bumper stiffener rotates in cooler package - radar systems need to be packaged far upfront
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Pedestrian Protection
Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers
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Impact on average damage
ADAC Bumper Crash
10 kph Toyota Avensis vs Audi Q7
- Radar Sensor defect: 3.271 €
- Total damage Avensis > 5.000 €
Repair Cost : Radar Sensors Mercedes 464 € - Honda, Toyota, Jaguar >3.000 € (plus installation and adjustment) Parking Sensors: Citroen 40 € - Audi 280 € Xenon Head Lights: Toyota 657 € - Peugeot 308 1.233 €
AD
AC
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… so what is your future looking like?
Outlook: - the introduction of autonomous driving in todays urban environment is still far away - pedestrian friendly vehicle concepts do not lead to a significant reduction of fatalities but - they increase pedestrian injury in low speed impacts - they significantly increase the amount of loss in low speed impacts
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… so what is your future looking like?