Post on 31-Dec-2015
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Today: Review(and a couple other things)
(Important info… you must memorize start and stop codons.)
Lab Project Drafts
Lab Project Draft:Returned on Thursday After Exam 3
Group/Individual Consultations:Monday Apr. 15th
Tuesday Apr. 16th
REVIEW:What are the big ideas from Unit 3?
1. DNA/RNA Structure2. DNA Replication3. Transcription– Post-Transcript Processing
4. Translation5. Mutation6. Regulation of Gene Expression
DNA/RNA Structure
DNA Replication
Transcription
Transcription 2
AAUAAA
Fig. 17-10
Pre-mRNA
mRNA
Codingsegment
Introns cut out andexons spliced together
5 Cap
Exon Intron5
1 30 31 104
Exon Intron
105
Exon
146
3Poly-A tail
Poly-A tail5 Cap
5 UTR 3 UTR1 146
Post-Transcription Processing
Translation
• Initiation• Elongation• Termination
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Elongation
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Termination
Mutation
• Insertion/Deletion/Substitution• Frameshift• Nonsense/Missense/Silent
Regulation of Gene Expression
Regulation of Gene Expression
Miscellaneous
• PCR• Sanger Sequencing
Question-Based Review
(White Boards)
Draw one rung of a DNA helix (sugar molecule + phosphate must be correct)
DNA/RNA Structure 1:
Draw the general structure of a DNA molecule.
(Use circles and boxes to represent different molecules)
DNA/RNA Structure 2:
What are the names and functions of six enzymes involved in DNA
replication?
DNA Replication 1:
Okazaki fragments could not become fully integrated into a DNA strand if
________ was missing.
DNA Replication 2:
What enzyme(s) and protein(s) are required in prokaryotic transcription?
What enzyme(s) and protein(s) are required in eukaryotic transcription?
Transcription 1:
How does transcription factors (or sigma) and RNA polymerase know where to start and
terminate transcription ina. Prokaryotesb. Eukaroytes
Transcription 2:
Draw and label a ribosome.
Translation 1:
What is a charged tRNA molecule?
What is its relation to aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?
Translation 2:
What is a mutation?
Mutation 1:
When a mutation occurs, what are three types of changes that can occur
to a nucleotide sequence?
Mutation 2:
Describe positive and negative control of gene expression in prokaryotes as
they relate to the lac operon.
Regulation of Gene Expression 1:
Describe how catabolite activator proteins and cAMP affect fur
coloration in beach mice.
Regulation of Gene Expression 2:
Which bases are purines and which are pyrimidines; what are the correct base
pairings (including # of H bonds)
DNA/RNA Structure 3:
What are two structural differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA/RNA Structure 4:
What is the difference between a DNA primer and an RNA primer?
In what processes is each used?
DNA Replication 3:
What is one difference between DNA replication in prokaryotes vs.
eukaryotes?
DNA Replication 4:
Write out a short segment of DNA (6bp).
Identify the template and non-template strands.
What will the RNA from this segment look like?
Transcription 3:
What modifications are made to the primary RNA transcript in eukaryotes?
Transcript Processing 4:
What are the three major phases of translation?
Describe the steps involved in each.
Translation 3:
What is the difference between a signal peptide and a signal recognition
particle?
Translation 4:
What are three things that can happen to an amino acid sequence as a result
of a mutation?
Mutation 3:
What polypeptide is created from the following DNA sequence?5’-ACCGAGTTTCTG-3’3’-TGGCTCAAAGAC-5’
Mutation 4:
What is an gene enhancer. Where would you find gene enhancers
relative to a eukaryotic gene.
Regulation of Gene Expression 3:
Why is it that lens cells and liver cells create different sets of proteins?
Regulation of Gene Expression 4:
What are three kinds of RNA; what are their functions?
DNA/RNA Structure 5:
Theoretically, if you wanted to convert an mRNA strand into DNA, how would
you propose that it could be done?
(I.e. what are the structural differences)
DNA Replication 5:
What are the three stages of a polymerase chain reaction?
What happens at each stage?
DNA Replication 6:
Describe Sanger Sequencing in 3-5 steps.
DNA Replication 7:
What does spliceosome do? What is it made of?
Transcript Processing 5:
Which would be more likely to result in an effective protein:
(A) the insertion of a prokaryotic gene into a eukaryotic genome
(B) the insertion of a eukaryotic gene into a prokaryotic genome?
Explain your logic.
Transcription 6:
How is evolution related to errors made during translation?
Translation 5:
Something has gone terribly wrong in your lab work! One of your team
members has contracted a virus and this virus has mutated and has been
transferred to your bacteria colonies. This new mutated virus strain destroys
the 16S rRNA gene in bacteria.
What effect will this have on bacteria?
Translation 6:
How do errors in DNA replication relate to the process of evolution?
Mutation 5: