Post on 24-Jan-2016
transcript
Topic 7:Volcano, disasters and early warning
in the Cordillera Central
J.L. Ceballos
Volcano, disasters & early warning
Nevado del Huila volcano
Worni, 2008
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Huila
• No previous historic activity• 2 phreatic eruptions in February 2007 and April 2007• Crevasse formation and expulsion of large amounts of water (107 m3)• Ash fall, subaerial melting of ice
QuickBird, Feb. ‘07
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Huila
• Failure of glacier tongue on El Oso glacier, possibly by melt water input and subsequent destabilization of the glacier base
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Huila
• Two massive lahars: April 2007 and November 2008: several 100 million m3 !!• Affected areas: along Río Páez (150 km !)
18 April 2007
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Huila
20 November 2008
Volcano, disasters & early warning
Risk
Vulnerability
Hazard
Risk R = f (H, V)
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Ruíz
Volcaón Cerro Machín
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Machín
Ingeominas
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Machín
Ingeominas
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Machín
Ingeominas
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Machín
Hazard map Machín volcano
IbaguéCajamarca
Cerro Machín
Ingeominas
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Ruíz
Nevado del Ruíz volcano
Huggel et al. 2007
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Ruíz
Views on Nevado del Ruíz volcano
Ramírez/Ceballos
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Ruíz
Active lahar channels
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Ruíz
Nevado del Ruíz volcano
R. Janda, USGS
The Armero 1985 disaster - ~23,000 people killed
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Ruíz
The Armero disaster - then
…and now
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima
Nevado del Tolima volcano / Combeima valley
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima
The Combeima valley –a tropical, steep-terrain region
...with an ice-capped active volcano at the valley head
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima
Lahar (debris flow) scenarios for the Combeima valley in Colombia
Nevado del Tolima Volcano
M. Künzler, 2008
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima
Frequent landslide strike this valley...
June 2006 July 2009Cruz Roja
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima
Destroyed school – a hot topic
Very high discharge debris flows
Cruz Roja
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima
Hazard, vulnerability and risk study
M. Künzler, 2008
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima
Total vulnerability
M. Künzler, 2008
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima
Resulting risk for Ibagué
M. Künzler, 2008
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima
Risk for local communities
M. Künzler, 2008
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima
Livelihood conditions in landslide prone regions of Combeima
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima
Livelihood conditions in flood endangered areas of Ibagué
Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima
Military controls
Preparedness courses with communities
Volcano, disasters & early warning
Guiding questions for group work:
• Where are the hotspots of volcano hazards in Colombia and what are possible consequences of these hazards?
• Are these hazards changing with ongoing impacts from climate change?
• How is Colombia responding to these hazards? (Government institutions, NGO’s, communities)