Post on 25-Dec-2015
transcript
Tourism and household income of Abono community members in the
Ashanti Region of Ghana
ByFoster Frempong & Louis Amofa Asamoah
Dept. of Geography & Rural Dev’tKNUST, Kumasi
Presentation outline• Introduction• Problem statement• Objectives• Rationale for the study• Tourism and income generation• Tourism and employment• Methodology• Results and discussions• The way forward
Introduction
• Developing countries have the highest population numbers and growth rates in the world
Population growth Economic growth
High Low
High Ghana
Low
• Other economic impacts of tourism– Contribution to sales– Profits – Jobs– Tax revenue– Income
Introduction cont.• Tourism activities mostly support the
productive capacity of households by increasing skills and providing cash for operational capital and investment
• The new skills gained by household members involved in tourism can be transferred to other activities (Ashley, 2000).
Introduction cont.
• Tourism has been identified as a potential contributor to economic and socio-cultural development of countries
• Considering the returns from tourism, it is imperative that it is given the attention it deserves
• Most developing countries, especially those in Africa have taken to tourism as one of the possible panacea to their economic challenges
Introduction
• Development of tourism in Ghana can • diversify the livelihoods of rural households • minimize risks and uncertainties of other economic
activities, • maintain liquidity in households and • increase employment rates
• Tourism can decrease the uncontrolled migration from rural to urban areas
• Some less developed countries of sub-Sahara Africa have realized the potential of tourism development for rapid socio-economic development.
• Tourism is capable of generating foreign exchange; reduce unemployment and improving the standard of the people (Ajala 2008).
Problem
• Most tourist attraction sites are found in rural areas with a high number of poor people
• Local communities, are mostly not major participants in or beneficiaries of tourism activities.
Problem contd.
• Lake Bosomtwe is the only natural lake in Ghana which attracts an appreciable number of tourists and the only internal drainage system in the country
• Abono community
• Community members find it difficult to meet their daily responsibilities of taking care of their family needs due to low income generation from their activities
Objectives
• Examine the effects of tourism activities on household income of the local people.
• Examine effects of tourism on employment opportunities in the community.
• Assess the effects of tourism on poverty reduction in the community
Rationale for the study
• Help eradicate extreme poverty in the Abono community
• Ensure environmental sustainability for tourism growth and development
• Appreciate the situation of employment development, income and poverty reduction through tourism
Tourism and income generation
• Income from tourism is dependent on the money tourists spend in the community
• Tourist expenditure in most cases increases the income earning capability of the local people
• Tourism generally generates three types of cash income for rural households and community tourism can generate a fourth additional type for the community
• Regular wages for those with jobs• Casual earnings opportunities from selling food,
wood, crafts, etc• Profits from ownership of a tourism enterprise• Collective income earned by the community
(Ashley, 2000),
Tourism and employment
Tourism does create employment – Direct Employment– Indirect Employment– Induced Employment
Methods
• Study area: Abono, 32km southeast of Kumasi• Population: 1154• Education: One (1) Primary and One (1) JHS• Health: One (1) Health facility – not in operation, no
Ambulance car• Others Social facility: One (1) public toilet facility,
no telephones• Major agriculture products - cocoa, maize, cassava
and plantain
Methodology
• Study population: Abono community members who are 18 years and above
• Sample size : 75• Sampling technique:
• Stratified sampling• Simple random sampling
• Data collection instrument: Interview schedule
Results and discussions
Socio-demographic Frequency PercentageSexMale 46 61.3Female 29 38.7EducationNone 5 6.7Elementary/JHS 47 62.7
Secondary 13 17.3Polytechnic 10 13.3Household size 1- 5 40 53.36 – 9 32 42.710 – 14 3 4.0
Income range of respondents
Income range (Gh cedis) Frequency Percentage
10 – 30 17 22,731 – 60 20 26.761 – 90 10 13.3100 + 28 37.3
Total 75 100.0
Effects of tourism activities on household income
Seasonality of tourism activities and household income
Effects of tourism on employment in Abono
Employment of local people
• Tourism cannot survive without involvement of local people through employment (Richard and Hall (2000)
• local people can increase their income
• Improve living standards
• leads to a better quality of life
• Specific tourism activities for local people
Type of tourism enterprise Number of peopleSellers 28Accommodation 27Tour guiding 6Handicraft 1Total 62
Seasonality nature of tourism jobs at Abono
• Seasonality has obvious implications on employment
• Peak season: December – April• Off season : April - November
Seasonality of tourism jobs
Alternative jobs during off seasons
Tourism and MDG 1
• Standard of living
Patronage of products from Abono
• Fresh fish• Carving work• Woven clothes• Clay works• Beads• Other farm products
How can tourism help to address poverty
• Supply of goods and services to tourism enterprises by local people (Yunis, 2004)
• Encouragement of enterprises to identify new sources of supply
• Collaborating with local community for constant supply of goods and services
The way forward• Public and private investment
• Provision of facilities (seats, summer hats, boats, ambulance cars, banks, temporal rooms for visitors to keep their belongings and other social services
• Protection of the resource that tourism thrives.
• Monies from toll booth charges should be used for developmental projects in the community
• Marketing of the area
THANK YOU