Training_Installation and testing_GB Page 1 Installation and testing September 2013.

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Training_Installation and testing_GB Page 1

Installation and testing

September 2013

Safety

Potential sources of risk:

• Active component (Laser)Injury of eyes and skin

• Fiber stub (cleaved fiber)Injury of eyes and skin

• ConsumablesChemicals and its vapor

Cable deployment

Indoor OutdoorLatter buried aerial under waterDuct direct direct

Conduit Duct

Installation methodology

Installation methodology depends on type of cable, distance, application and environment

pulling

layingwrapped

aerialblowing

Connector cleaning

source:JDSU

Finger print Contamination Clean

End face

Small parts on the fiber core cause significant return loss (RL) and insertion loss (IL)

Light (RL) (IL)

Contamination

Cleaning – Ferrule/end face

Contaminated end face / fiber core

impress of dust parts when connecting

Permanent damage on fiber core

Cleaning - Sleeve

Contaminated sleeve

Dust pushed during plug inof connector

Dust ring on ferrule andpotentially fiber core

Testing

September 2011

Inspection/verification test

Equipment

Power Meter &

Light sourceOTDR

Fiber/Connector inspection

Visual fault locator

Total optical loss

Reflection Link characteristic

Visuelle inspection

Visual inspection

Connector• Contamination• Damage

Identification• Fiber break• Bending• Faulty connection

Measurement principales

Rückstreumessung (OTDR)

Power meter

Power MeterLight source

Power MeterStecker

Light sourceStecker

OTDRSteckerStecker

Power budget calculation OF-500

Connection Splice Connection Connection

200 m50 m250 m

Component ISO11801 “state of the art”Fiber OM3 3.5db/km 1.75dB 2.8dB/km) 1.40dB

Connector 0.75dB/Steck 2.25dB 0.5dB/Steck 1.50dB

Fusion splice 0.3dB/Spl 0.30dB 0.1dB/Spl 0.10dB

Dämpfung Gesamt 4.30dB 3.00dB

Channel attenuation for OF-500 at 850nm -> 3.25dB

Power measurement – level setting

Transmitter

Test cable 1

1. Reference measuring

Adjust:Attenuation = 0 dB

Receiver

Test cable 2

850 nm0.00 dBm

0.00 dBmnm850

Power measurement – link evaluation

Transmitter

2. Measuring the system’s attenuation

Receiver

LWL - Anlage

Total attenuation [dB]

850 nmÐ 0.74dBm

Ð 0.74dBmnm850

Test resultAttenuation = 2.1 dB

Power measurement testing

Methodology according ISO/IEC 61280-4

Methodology 3 - KanalCC CC

Lichtquelle

Launch cable

Powermeter

Test JumperMethodology 2 - PL

Methodology 1 - CP

Depending on the reference measurement (1, 2 or 3 test jumper) a different result will be achieved.

Error reduction: Mandrel wrap principle

50 m mandrel 18 mmfor 3 mm jumpers

62.5 m mandrel 20 mmfor 3 mm jumpers

9 m N.A.

Test jumper length 1 m to 5 mMandrel

Launch cord5 wraps

This “mode filter” causes high bend loss

in loosely coupled modes and low loss

in tightly coupled modes. Thus the

mandrel removes all loosely coupled

modes generated by an overfilled launch

in a short (cords) link used during the

reference setting

Optical Time Domain Reflectometer OTDR

Measuringdelay

Receiver Evaluation

Impuls-generator

Lightsource

Beam splitter

optical Signalelectrical Signal

OTDR measuring

The reflected light pulse is detected by the OTDR.

The light pulse is partly reflected by an interfering effect.

A light pulse propagates in an optical waveguide.

Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel reflections

An example of an OTDR waveform

Attenuation(dB)

Distance (km)

Fusion- Connector Fiber Mech. Fiber-splice bend splice end

OTDR pulse width

Larger pulse width:• More power, larger dynamic range

Shorter pulse width:• better resolution, dynamic range reduced due to more

incidents recognized.

OTDR PulseOTDR Pulse length in fiber

DynamicRange Measurement Range

Noise floor

PMAX Backscatter level at OTDR test port

Dynamic range of an OTDR

Ideal trace of a reflected event with shortest pulse width, PMIN

0.5 dB

1.5 dB

Attenuation- & event dead zone OTDR

Measured OTDR trace

Event dead zone

Attenuation dead zone

Power measuring with OTDR

1) launching fiber 2) launching fiber200 m - 500 m for MM 200 m – 500 m for MM

500 m - 1’000 m for SM 500 m - 1’000 m for SM

FO system under test1) 2)

Test set up

OTDRscreen

0 25050 100 150 200

Distance (m)

Link beingtested

LaunchCable

HorizontalSegment

BackboneSegment

ReceiveCable

SplicePatch Cord

LaunchCable

Splice(Loss 0.1 dB)

Rcv.Cable

TraceHoriz.Seg.

(2) Connections (Loss 0.8 dB)

BackboneSegment

(1) Connection(Loss 0.4 dB)

Link Loss ( 2.1 dB)

(1) Connection(Loss 0.4 dB)

Link Length ( 130 m)

Reading an OTDR Trace

Other FO measurements

BandbreiteThe bandwidth is measured by the manufacturer of the fiber and guaranteed. Some cable manufacturer test this occasionally. There is no point to test in the field or it is very expensive.

Polarisationsmoden Dispersion (PMD)Only for Single mode applicationChannel length > 2 km

Training_Installation and testing_GB Page 1 Installation and testing September 2013.

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