Post on 18-Jan-2015
description
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Investigation about Tenerife Disaster and TWA Flight 847 Incident
AMIDEE AZIZANKPMC102217
In this PRESENTATION I will describe about air crash fatal accident between 2 aircraft in two different situations that is runway incursion(aircraft collision) and aircraft hijacking. The issues are:
Fact, Chronology , Comparison and Assumption of Fatal.
Crash of Century
TENERIFE DISASTER FACTDestination : Las Palmas Airport , Canary IslandPlace of Accident : Tenerife Airport (Regional airport)Date : March 27th 1977Aircraft : Pan Am B747 and KLM B747Fatalities : 583Survivors : 61Incident type : Runway Incursion-Aircraft collision during take offReason divert : Bomb threat at Las Palmas
Chronology
• 12 00 pm
• 1230
• 0138
Pan Am on cruising level 2 hours to destination Las Palmas
Pan Am received urgent message from Las Palmas ATC about Bomb Threat at Las Palmas airport and instruct to divert to Tenerife Airport
KLM already on ground
Tenerife is a small airport.Only have 1 airstrip.Its Sunday and only 2 ATC staff on duty.Tarmac condition already pack with a/c,getting bumper to bumper.Taxiway block with aircraft.ATC have to clear aircraft out of gate as soon as possible.
• 0215• 0230• 0456• 0502• 0506
• 0507
• 0508
Pan Am touch down at Tenerife Airport Las Palmas airport reopen KLM request permission to taxiing to depart Pan Am taxiing behind KLM Pan Am saw KLM jumbo heading towards them
on same runway Pan Am trying to pull out of the runway as
soon as possible Both aircraft collide each other
ASSUMPTION OF DISASTER ERROR
Human Error Haste to take off because afraid closed to
minimum visibility to take-off (Fogging situation)
Not follow ATC clearance on take off & exit Take-off during Pan Am still taxiing Stress to catching departure slot to avoid
exceeding flight hour expenses Didn’t follow order to exit on C3 continue
manoeuvre to C4 therefore aircraft shouldn’t be on the runway during event occur.
Communication Failure Pilot misunderstand instruction Lack of communication Bad English accent
Human Error Communication Failure ATC Airport Requirement Weather Conditions Aircraft Refuelling
Weather Condition
Fogging around airportVisibility down from 500 meter to few Dozen
meter before event occurATC
Propose to use the main runway as a taxiway instead(Back track Method)- a/c take turn taxing to
runway-end ,turn around, and take off continuously at the same runway, Next a/c exit and hold before taking turn take-off
Airport Requirement
Limited facilityNo radar to monitor surface movementLack of equipment- runway center light out of service
Aircraft RefuelingPilot judgment on carry extra fuel to fly to Las Palmas
plus back to Amsterdam to avoid queue.Refuelling block Pan Am to taxiing on behindCarry extra fuel take more time to refuelCausing delayToo heavy to liftDelay causing fogging getting thicker
SPECIAL THANKS TO NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC AIRCRAFT INVESTIGATIONQ&A