Post on 10-Dec-2015
transcript
Spirituality and Religion
A person’s spirit: is the very essence of the person, the life force, and includes the beliefs and values which provide strength and hope for that person
Religion tries to make rules and capture the experience of spirituality into a defined system
Providing Spiritual Care
Involves helping patients develop awareness and maintain the following: Inner strength Self awareness Life’s meaning and purpose Relationship to others Relationship to higher power
Identifying your patient’s spiritual care needs Crisis situations often arise in acute
care areas. Patients beliefs and values affect how
they respond to these crisis, their attitude towards treatment and their rate of recovery.
Nurse’s should be alert to the following when assessing for spiritual needs Hospitalization Patients who are in pain Patients with chronic or incurable disease Patients who are dying Families who have experienced the death of
a loved one Patients who are facing an undesirable
outcome of illness, such as amputation Patients who have lost control of themselves
Spiritual Care Interventions
Ask open ended questions Actively listen to the patient, sit beside the
patient and maintain eye contact Be nonjudgmental of patients and their
responses Avoid giving advice or a lecture to patients Be aware of nonverbal messages from the
patient Expect to learn from patients
Spiritual Care Interventions
Understand the feelings of your patients but avoid adopting those feelings for yourself
Stay with patient after the person has received an unfavorable diagnosis
Assist the patient to participate in desired religious/spiritual rituals
Protect the patient’s religious/spiritual articles
Western Religions in the United States and Canada Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are
common western religions that patient’s often practice
Judaism
Oldest faith to have belief in one God. The Holy Books of the Jews are the
Torah and the Talmud Followers of Judaism are called Jews Jewish clergy are called rabbis Jews worship in buildings called
temples or synagogues
Judaism
The major divisions of Judaism are the following three: Orthodox Judaism – follow the traditional faith and
strictly adhere to rituals, including kosher diet and keeping of the Sabbath, they do not completely integrate into modern society, Jewish identity is passed on through the mother
Conservative Judaism – follows most traditional practices but adapt traditions to modern world
Judaism
Reform Judaism – stress the ethical and moral teachings of the prophets and autonomy of the individual. Rituals are performed which will promote a Jewish God filled life. Allow Jewish identity to be passed on from the fathers side as well – largest and fastest growing segment of Judaism
Judaism
General beliefs Believe in God but not in Christ Avoid references to heaven and Jesus Sabbath is from sunset Friday until after
sunset Saturday if observed. Dietary rules are Kosher – separate
utensils for preparing and serving meat and milk dishes
Judaism
Meat may be consumed a few minutes after drinking milk, but 6 hours must pass after eating meat before drinking milk
Some Jews will avoid eating pork, ham, Canadian bacon, eel, oysters, crab, lobster, shrimp, or eggs with blood spots
Christianity
Belief that Jesus Christ is the Son of God Followers are called Christians The Bible is the sacred book and is divided
into the Old and New Testament Baptism is the rite of admission to the
Christian community and may be performed if an infant is felt to be near death by anyone with the right intention
Judaism
Dying patient – family and friends may want to be with the patient at all times
Some do not believe in autopsies, embalming, or cremation
Some Jews will not want the nurse to touch the body of a dead Jew and will want the Burial Society to complete the preparation
If nurse must touch body wear gloves
Christianity
Three major divisions: Catholicism
Clergy are called Priest
Protestantism Clergy are called ministers, pastors
Eastern Orthodox Clergy are Bishops, Priest, and Deacons
Roman Catholic
Baptism is necessary for salvation Dietary Restrictions: if 14 years of age or
older are to abstain from meat on Ash Wednesday and all Fridays during Lent. Catholic from 14 – 59 are to fast (eat one full meal and two lighter ones on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday
Fasting and abstaining is excused during hospitalization
Roman Catholic
Death – patients may wish to receive the last sacrament of the Christian, in addition to the anointing of the sick by a Priest
Cremation and organ donation are allowed
Eastern Orthodox
Baptism is necessary for salvation Dietary restrictions: abstain from meat and
dairy products on Wednesdays and Fridays during Lent. Ill Patients are excused from this requirement
Dying patient – Last Rites are obligatory and performed by Priest, preferably while patient is conscious.
Autopsy and organ donation are not encouraged Euthanasia and cremation are discouraged
Protestant
Old Order Amish Assembly of God Baptist Episcopalian Lutheran Methodist Presbyterian Quakers Seventh Day Adventist United Church of Christ
Protestants
Emphasize individual responsibility and conscience over following tradition or religious authority
Follow the Bible Food is individual choice Death – Personal choice of patient and
family, clergy my visit. Organ donation, autopsy, burial, and cremation individual choice
Islam
Muslims believe in one God called Allah Holy Book is the Koran Muslims pray in Arabic and worship in
Mosques The Imam is the leader of the Muslim
population
Islam
Follow the Five Pillars of Faith The Profession of Faith – verbal pledge that there is only one
God, Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. (Muslims mothers may whisper this pledge into a newborn’s ear.)
Prayer – called to prayer 5 times per day Almsgiving – annual payment of a certain percentage of a
Muslim’s wealth and assets and is distributed among the poor Fasting – During Ramadan, the 9th month of the Islamic
calendar, adult Muslims abstain from dawn to sunset from food, drink and sexual activity
Pilgrimage – adult Muslims who are physically and financial able are expected to perform pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime
Islam
Pray to Allah 5 times per day (after dawn, at noon, in mid afternoon, after sunset and at night
If patient request to face Mecca, bed or chair may be positioned in a southeast direction from the United States
If the Koran is in the room do not touch it or place anything on top of it.
Islam
If Muslims wear writings from Koran on a black string around the neck, arm, or waist, these writings need to be kept dry and remain on the patient
Rules of cleanliness may include eating with the right hand and cleansing self with the left hand after urinating and defacating
Islam
Dietary – some Muslims will not eat pork and pork products, eel, oyster, crab, lobster, shrimp, and meats from animals that have not been bled to death by a Muslim
Islam
Death practices: Women may be barred from the room of a dying family
member Family may pray for dying member and Imam usually reads
from the Koran for the patient after death After death family washes the body including all orifices Nurse may touch body only after donning gloves Body is wrapped in white cloth for burial Family may not permit organ donation, autopsies, or
cremation No embalming after death Try to bury the dead within 24 hours
Important points on other various Religious groups Christian Scientist –
No clergy – but may request a Christian Scientist practitioner to give treatment with prayer
No baptism Consider the Lord’s Supper a spiritual communion
with God and may sit quietly during this time. No smoking or drinking alcohol Do not accept blood transfusions or surgery Feel studying Eddy’s book and the Bible will heal
them
Jehovah Witness
Baptism necessary for salvation Beliefs based on the Bible No ordained ministers No churches but worship in Kingdom Halls Publications include Awake and Watch Tower Refuse blood products including plasma, will accept blood
transfusion alternatives Alcohol and tobacco are discouraged Believe soul dies at death Autopsy decided by family Cremation is acceptable Organ transplants personal decision – must be cleansed with
non blood solution
Mormons
The Book of Mormon is considered complimentary to Bible Worship in temples and tabernacles No ordained clergy High priests are members of the Church and form the Council of
Twelve and exert spiritual leadership May avoid alcohol, tobacco, coffee and tea Baptism is necessary for salvation No restrictions on blood, or medications, may use herbal
medicines, organ donation permitted Promote dignified death, organ donation personal choice,
autopsy permitted with consent of family, burial in temple clothes
Eastern Religions in the United States and Canada Buddhist
Illness result of Karma (cause and effect) Foods – extremes are to be avoided –many do not
eat meat No restrictions on blood or medical therapy, organ
donation is allowed Death – body is shell(treat with respect), autopsy
and burials are personal wishes – burial and cremation allowed, ensure calm and peaceful death – it is important for family members to relate that patient had calm and peaceful death
Hindu
Some may wear a thread on the torso that should not be removed except in annual ceremony
Daily bathing but not after a meal Most are vegetarians Right hand used for eating, left is used for
cleansing Medication, blood and blood products,
donation, and receipt of organs acceptable