Post on 19-Jan-2020
transcript
TM
Travel Health Issuesfor Globetrotting Students
Amanda Whatley, MPH, CHES
Division of Global Migration and QuarantineCenters for Disease Control and Prevention
Background Information
People on the Move
Number of U.S. Residents Traveling Abroad (2000-2007)*
05
1015
2025
3035
4045
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Num
ber o
f Tra
vele
rs (m
illio
ns)
Europe All Other Destinations
*ITA, includes air travel to Canada and Mexico (not land border *ITA, includes air travel to Canada and Mexico (not land border crossings)crossings)
Percentage of U.S. Students Abroad by Region
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
2006/07
2005/06
2004/05
2003/04
2002/03
2001/02
2000/01
1999/00
1998/99
1997/98
1996/97
Percentage of Students Abroad
Europe
Latin America
Asia
Oceania
Africa
Middle East
North America
MultipleDestinations
Source: Open Doors
84,403
241,791
Source: Open Doors (Institute of International Education)
IndiaCosta RicaNew ZealandIrelandAustriaGermanyEcuadorMexicoChileAustraliaCzech RepublicChinaSouth AfricaFranceGreeceSpainArgentinaItalyJapanUnited Kingdom
Leading Destinations of U.S. Study-Abroad Students, 2006/07
Travel Health Basics
Travel Health RisksTypes of risk
Infectious diseasesInjuries and safetyManaging current health issues away from home
Risk varies according to different—DestinationsLength of travelPlanned activitiesAge of travelersMedical historyVaccination history
Important Infectious Disease RisksDiarrhea InfluenzaHepatitis AHepatitis B Meningococcal MeningitisMeaslesMumpsRubellaTetanusVaricellaTyphoidPolio
TuberculosisTick-borne EncephalitisMalariaYellow FeverDengue FeverChikungunya FeverJapanese EncephalitisLeishmaniasisSchistosomiasisLeptospirosisRabiesAND MORE . . .
Travel
Distribution of Hepatitis A
Distribution of Hepatitis B
Travelers’ Diarrhea
Motor Vehicle
Drowning
Air Crash
Homicide/Suicide
Poisoning
Other
Injury Deaths and International Travel
N = 601
Hargarten S et al, Ann Emerg Med, 1991. 20:622-626
Healthy and SafeStudent Travel in Europe
Pre-Travel Preparation PerspectiveUnited States
Study Abroad Program Location
Within-country travel
European regional travel
More exotic destinations closer to Europe than the U.S.
Importance of Seeing aHealth-care Provider
CDC recommends most travelers see a provider 4-6 weeks before their trip
General health careChronic health issues (e.g., asthma, diabetes)Dental check-up
Pre-travel careOnly a provider will be able to give
VaccinesMedicinesCounseling and advice
Travel Medical InsuranceCoverage of medical services abroad
Consider supplemental medical insurance
Institutional packages for travel insurance
Coordinate the requirementsCollege/University policiesSpecial policies for the studyabroad programCountry policies
Vaccinations for Student Travelers
1. Routine vaccines
2. Recommended vaccines for travel
3. Required vaccines for travel
Routine & Recommended VaccinesRoutine
Measles – Mumps – Rubella (MMR)Diphtheria – Tetanus – PertussisVaricellaPneumococcusMeningococcalHumanpapillomavirus (HPV)
Others often recommendedInfluenzaHepatitis AHepatitis B
Required Vaccines for TravelRequirements by country governments
Yellow FeverMeningococcal
No vaccine requirements by countriesin EuropeOther types of requirements?
College/University requirementsStudy abroad program requirements
Travel Health KitCopy of medical records and prescriptions for medications and/or corrective lensesPrescription medicationsOver-the-counter medicines and supplies
Band-Aids, gauze bandages, Ace wraps Fever and pain reducersDecongestant, antihistamine, cold/cough medicinesAntibiotic, antifungal, hydrocortisone creams Upset stomach/diarrhea medicineInsect repellant, sunscreenTweezers, scissors, thermometer
Basic Healthy BehaviorsHandwashing!Food and drinks
Avoid unpasteurized dairy productsUse safe food preparation techniques
Protection against ticks and other insect bites
Use insect repellent and treat clothesInspect for ticks
Sun protectionBe careful around animals and birds
If bitten or scratched, seek medical care
Other Basic Health Concerns
General SafetySeatbelts and helmetsTake extra precautions on the roadsLocal laws and customsLocal crime risksPolitical movements and protests
Alcohol and drug abuse
Activity-Related Health ConcernsWater recreation
Drowning, boating, & diving accidents
Extreme heat and colddehydration, heat strokehypothermia, frostbite
Altitude
STD and Bloodborne DiseasesDiseases of Concern
STDs Hepatitis BHepatitis CHIV
Think before you act!Unprotected sexual activityCommercial sex workersTattooing and body piercing
Health care and blood product standards for some locations
Auto accidents or other major injuriesDental and surgical procedures
Medical Care AbroadMedical care
Everyday illnessesUrgent careCounseling servicesPre-travel care for excursions
Investigate sources of medical careAssistance from U.S. Department of State consular officesInstitutional arrangements (possibly joined with the travel medical insurance)
Communicate options with students
CDC Resources
You’re not stranded!
CDC Health Information for International Travel 2010
Travelers’ Health Websitewww.cdc.gov/travel
Travel Notices & Announcements
Situation informationAdvice for travelersLevels:
In the NewsOutbreak NoticeTravel PrecautionTravel Warning
Study Abroad Information
Your Survival Guide to Safe and Healthy Travel
Incorporating New TechnologyCommunicating News
RSS FeedsGovDelivery
Social MediaPodcastsE-cards
New Ventures to ComeCDC TV and CDC’s YouTube channelWidgets, Twitter, Blogging
Other Travel Health ResourcesUS Department of State
travel.state.govWorld Health Organization
www.who.int/intInternational Travel and Health (Green Book)
International Society of Travel Medicinewww.istm.org
National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) – U.K.Subscription services
Collaboration with CDC
How can we help you?Communication with youCommunication with students
What are the emerging health issues that you observe?
Areas of possible researchSpecific topics or needs
Thank You!
TM