Post on 07-Aug-2015
transcript
Treatment Methods
Ion ExchangeRadionuclide Removal Process
CompliantSoftened
Water
LoadedResin
LoadedResin
SaltBrineSalt
Brine
Sewer PipeSewer Pipe
ResinResin
Issues: Corrosion of piping & values Sodium in drinking water
Waste WaterTreatment Plant
Waste WaterTreatment Plant
AppropriateAppropriateLandfillLandfill
AppropriateAppropriateLandfillLandfill
ExhaustedResin
ExhaustedResin
Precipitation ofRadium Carbonatesand Radium Sulfates
Raw Water
LandLandApplicationApplication
LandLandApplicationApplication
OR
AppropriateAppropriateLandfillLandfill
AppropriateAppropriateLandfillLandfill
Waterways
WasteWaterWasteWater
Radionuclide+
Sludge
Radionuclide+
Sludge
Sewer PipeSewer Pipe
HMO Chemicals
PrecipitantFormed
PrecipitantFormed
RadiumHMO Precipitant
CompliantWater
FilterWaste Water
Treatment PlantWaste Water
Treatment Plant
RadiumLoaded
Filter
RadiumLoaded
Filter
~ 2 - 5% ofWater Treated for Backwash
Hydrous Manganese Oxide (HMO)
Radionuclide Removal Process
AppropriateAppropriateLandfillLandfill
AppropriateAppropriateLandfillLandfill
SpentFilterMedia
SpentFilterMedia
Raw Water
WasteWaterWasteWater
LandLandApplicationApplication
LandLandApplicationApplication
OR
AppropriateAppropriateLandfillLandfill
AppropriateAppropriateLandfillLandfill
Waterways
Radionuclide+
Sludge
Radionuclide+
Sludge
CompliantWater
LoadedMedia
LoadedMedia
PartiallyLoadedMedia
PartiallyLoadedMedia
Licensed & PermittedDisposal Facility
Licensed & PermittedDisposal Facility
NewMedia
WRT’s Absorbent MediaRadionuclide Removal Process
Raw Water
Comparison of Radium Treatment TechnologiesZ-88™
Ion Exchange
Conventional Ion Exchange
HMOReverse Osmosis
Lime Softening
NSF Std.61 Certified for use in potable water
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Chemical Addition No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Liquid Waste Generated No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Changes in Other Water Quality Parameters
No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Type of Operation Passive Active Active Active Active
Design ScaleIndividual
WellIndividual
WellIndividual
WellIndividual
WellCentralized
Location
Disposal of Radium Approved Landfill Sewer Sewer Sewer Land / Landfill
Combined Radium in Residuals
(13 pCi/L in source water)
1,200-2,000 pCi/g
100-2,000 pCi/L
5,000-15,000 pCi/g
25-150 pCi/L
10-20 pCi/g of sludge
Equipment / Media Ownership WRT Utility Utility Utility Utility
IDNS License Holder WRT ? ? ? ?
Guaranteed Performance Yes No No No No
Disposal Options
Disposal Optionsfor Water Treatment Plants
TreatmentResidualsTreatmentResiduals
SewerSewer
TreatmentProcess
TreatmentProcess
Waterways
LandfillLandfillLandfillLandfill
Raw Water
CompliantWater
USEPA Recommendations – Disposal of Water Treatment
Residuals < 5 pCi/g Unrestricted disposal 5 to 50 pCi/g Burial in local landfill
w/ cover requirements 50 to 2,000 pCi/L Burial in NORM facility > 2,000 pCi/L Burial in LLRW disposal
site
Disposal of Treatment Waste Removal of radionuclides in any process
generates a radioactive by-product. Most treatment methods dispose of
radionuclide waste to the sanitary sewer. WRT’s Radionuclide Removal Process
generates a solid, granular, low level TENORM* waste.
All handling, exchange, transportation and disposal of media is facilitated by WRT.
Disposal by WRT to a licensed facility.* Technically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material