Post on 09-Nov-2020
transcript
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PROGRESS:
TREE IMPROVEMENT OF
Calophyllum inophyllum FOR BIOFUEL
by:
DR. BUDI LEKSONO & TEAM
Centre for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Yogyakarta - Indonesia
INTRODUCTION
o Global Energy Crisis Increasing
biofuel prices, has driven the world to
emphasize the importance of
renewable-energy (biofuel)
o The main restraints: raw material
availability, seed quality and tough
competition against food needs
o Calophyllum inophyllum (Nyamplung)
seed: potential for energy-sources, can
be harvested repeatedly for 50 years
Coal
2%
Oil
20%
Gas
30%
Bio Fuels
5% Geothermal
5%
Hydro
2.61%
Coal
33%
Other
5%Wind
0.0301%
Fuel Cell
0.00%
Biomass
0.7417%
Nuclear
1.4032%
o Indonesian National Energy Policy has
set biofuel production target up to 5% of
national energy needs in 2025 (PP 5/2006)
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PLANTATION
PROVENANCE TRIAL
PROVENANCE SEED STAND
CLONE GARDEN
PLANTATION
Base Population
Breeding Population
Propagation Population
Production Population
Selection (based on : fruit productivity
and oil content) GCA Analysis
GEOGRAFIC RACE/ LAND
RACE
Breeding Strategy of Nyamplung
for Biofuel
Leksono & Widyatmoko (2010): “Breeding Strategy of Nyamplung
for Biofuel”
MATERIALS & METHODS
Genetic Materials of Nyamplung
1 2 3 6 5
4
7
8
11 9
10
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Gunung Kidul
(Yogyakarta)
Ciamis (West Java)
Pandeglang (Banten)
Banyuwangi (East Java)
Cilacap (Central Java)
Nyamplung Populations in Java
Ketapang (West Kalimantan) Yapen (West Papua)
Pariaman (West Sumatra) Dompu (West Nusa Tenggara)
Selayar
(South Sulawesi)
Nyamplung Populations Outside Java
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Variation of Fruit Size of
Nyamplung Populations in Indonesia
Seed Preparation
Fresh fruits Dry fruits
Seeds extraction Wet seeds Seeds and shell
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Seedling Preparation
Seeds Pricking Shading
6 Months 1 Month
Variation of Seedling of
Nyamplung Populations in Java
Hasnah & Leksono (2012): “Geneitic variation of seedling growth, nitrogen and
clorophyl contents among nyamplung populations in Java”
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Land Preparation and Planting
Pangandaran (West Java)
In Coastal area using bamboo
gabion
Wonogiri (Central Java)
Mineral soil
Gng Kidul (DIY) thin
organic soil layer using
water drip bottle
Processing of Nyamplung
Biofuel and Derivates
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Processing of Nyamplung Biofuel
(Manual)
Seed drying Degumming Pressing
Transester. Washing Drying
Esterification
Pressing seeds using
Vertical Hot Press (VHP)
Pressing CCO
Setting Grinding
Setting
Seed drying
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Dry seeds
Seed drying Seed separating
Seed pressing Chemical Biodisel processing
Pressing seeds using
Screw Press Expeller (SPE)
Process and Variation of
Nyamplung Biofuel
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Biofuel Potential:
Variations from 6 Populations in Java
Population Dry Seed
(Kg)
Residual
(Kg)
CCO
(Kg)
CCO
(%)
RCCO
(Kg)
RCCO
(%)
Banyuwangi 2.09 1.20 0.89 42.58 0.87 41.63
Gunungkidul 2.10 1.08 1.02 48.57 1.00 47.60
Purworejo 1.90 1.04 0.87 45.79 0.84 43.65
Cilacap 2.10 1.25 0.85 40.48 0.78 37.24
Ciamis 2.00 1.20 0.80 40.00 0.79 39.60
Pandeglang 1.81 1.16 0.67 37.02 0.66 36.49
Leksono et al. (2013): “Variation of biofuel potency from 12 Calopyllum inophyllum
populations in indonesia ”
Biofuel-Potential:
Variations from 7 Islands in Indonesia
Population Dry Seed
(Kg)
CCO
(%)
RCCO
(%)
Biodiesel
(%)
Equipment
used
Java 4.8 43.75 38.06 - VHP
Madura 4.8 40.63 34.13 - VHP
Selayar 4.8 45.63 40.15 - VHP
Java 7.3 50.00 46.85 28.95 SPE
Madura 6.0 53.17 44.67 21.00 SPE
Selayar 6.0 50.17 40.67 30.00 SPE
Sumatra 6.0 50.17 36.00 17.00 SPE
Kalimantan* 6.0 27.50 24.50 18.70 SPE
Sembawa 6.0 58.33 53.00 33.83 SPE
Papua* 6.0 37.67 22.83 16.00 SPE
*) Technical problems occurrred during the pressing process by using SPE
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Physical-Chemical Analysis of
Nyamplung Biodiesel (LEMIGAS)
Physical-chemical properties of nyamplung biodiesel
(comparison to SNI 04-7182-2006 standard)
Properties Unit Testing
Methode
Spec.
Biodiesel
Nyamplung
Biodiesel
Density at 40oC kg/m3 ASTM D.1298 850 - 890 895 – 903
Kinematic viscosity at 40oC cSt ASTM D.445 2,3 - 6,0 5,7 – 6,5
Flash point PMCC oC ASTM D.93 Min. 100 126 – 173
Cetane index - ASTM D.613 Min. 51 59 – 72
Cloud point oC ASTM D.2500 Maks. 18 11 – 16
Sediment and water content % Vol. ASTM D.1796 Maks. 0,05 0
Copperstrip corrosion at 3/50oC No. ASTM ASTM D.130 Maks.no 3 1a – 1b
Micro Carbon Residual (MCR) % wt ASTM D.4530 Maks.0,05 0,6 – 0,9
Sulphate Ash % wt ASTM D.874 Maks.0,02 0,002 – 0,01
Destilation at 90% Vol oC ASTM D.1160 Maks. 360 365 – 369
Sulphur content mg/kg ASTM D.4294 Maks. 100 9 – 19
Phosphor content mg/kg AOCS Ca 12-55 Maks. 10 0,19 – 0,33
Acid value Mg KOH/g ASTM D.974 Maks. 0,8 0,05 – 0,08
Free Glycerol % wt AOCS Ca 14-56 Maks. 0,02 0,01 – 0,04
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Pangandaran (West Java)
Wonogiri (Central Java)
2,5 Years
Provenance Seed Stand of Nyamplung
(Based on Oil Content in Java)
Test drive
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Waste Utilization potential for added
value
a. Fruit shells
Briquet
Charcoal Vinegar
Seed separator Fruit shells
Shells charcoal Charcoal crusher Charcoal press
Tanur & Condensator
b. Oilcake for animal feed
Pellet feed
‘Burger’ (mix of oilcake, forage,
molasses)
Oilcake
Granulator Oilcake mixer
Oilcake crusher
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c. Gum/ Coumarin Resin
Medicine (Cancer, HIV-AIDS, cosmetic, etc) Spectrophotometry methods
Seed and cco samples Coumarin extraction
d. Glycerol
Soap
Transesterification
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TEAM WORK
Further Information
Dr. Budi Leksono Bioenergy Laboratory
Centre for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Yogyakarta-Indonesia
Phone : +62-274-895954, Mobile: +62 812 2701 7802
E-mail: boedyleksono@yahoo.com
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