Post on 27-Dec-2015
transcript
Tues 9/24/13Bellringer:
◦ Take out your notes and respond to the following:
Would sap taken from a tree be class evidence or individual evidence? Why?If a suspect had sap on his clothes, would it lead to a specific tree?
Agenda for today:◦ Short lecture on
databases◦ Discuss Case Study (keep
out on your desk)
Forensic DatabasesEnable criminalists to conduct
comparative analysis on evidence found at a crime scene without as much of a need for a suspect◦Instead of trying to collect fingerprints,
DNA, etc. from all possible suspects, databases can be used to begin to eliminate or identify suspects
◦While there is not information for every person in these databases – there is for those with a criminal history and/or certain jobs
IAFISIntegrated Automated Fingerprint
Identification System (IAFIS)◦Fingerprint and criminal history system
for 50 million subjects◦Operational since 1999. Maintained by
the FBI◦An examiner makes a digital image of the
print with a camera or scanner, marks points on the print to guide the computerized search. Search is completed within minutes against all images in IAFIS
CODISCombined DNA Index SystemBecame fully operational in 1998;
maintained by the FBIAll 50 states have legislated that
DNA profiles of those convicted of felony sexual offenses be stored in database.
CODISForensic Index contains 110,000
DNA profiles from unsolved crimesOffender Index contains profiles of
nearly 3 million convicted offendersHundreds of thousands are
backloggedSuccess in identifying perpetrators
is due to the fact that most crimes involving biological evidence are committed by repeat offenders
NIBINNational Integrated Ballistics
Information networkMaintained by the Bureau of
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
Images of bullets and cartridge casings
Helps produce a short list of candidates for a firearms examiner to manually compare
More that 10,000 “hits” have been recorded
PDQInternational Forensic Automotive
Paint Data QueryMaintained by Royal Canadian
Mounted PoliceContains chemical and color
information pertaining to original automotive paints
Glass Evidence DatabaseContains more than 700 glass
samples◦From manufacturers, distributors, and
vehicle junkyards
Cannot determine the source of an unknown piece of glass◦Can assess the relative frequency that
two glass samples from different sources would have the same elemental profile
Uses plasma mass specs
TreadMark and SoleMate – Commercial shoe databasesTreadMark
◦Commercial product that uses 4 parameters: pattern size damage Wear
◦Compared to suspects in custody and crime scenes
SoleMate◦Contains manufacturer, date of market
release, an image or offset print of the sole, and pictorial images of the uppers
SICARShoeprint Image Capture and
RetrievalCommercially available – not
controlled by a government agency.
Helps match crime-scene foot ware impression with a particular shoe manufacturer.
TreadMateContains more than 5,000 vehicle
tires and tread patterns◦manufacturer, date of release,
pictorial image, pattern features◦code for patterns:
waves, lines, diamonds, zigzags, curves, and blocks
FISHForensic Information System for
HandwritingMaintained by the U.S. Secret
ServiceEnables document examiners to
scan and digitize text writings◦Plotted as arithmetic and geometric
values
International Ink LibraryMaintained by the U.S. Secret
Service and the IRSIncludes more than 9,500 inks
dating back from the 1920’sPen and ink manufacturers are
asked to submit their new ink formulations◦Chemically tested and added to the
reference collection
Drug DatabasesIndent-A-Drug
◦private company◦publishes a book and computer program to
help identify drugs in tablet or capsule formPharmInfoNet
◦contains information on prescription druges, included uses, marketing and availability, and common side effects
RxList◦database of prescription drugs like
PharmInfoNet
Ignitable Liquids Reference Collection (ILRC)Allows a laboratory to isolate an
ignitable liquid of interestDesigned for screening purposes
onlyDoes not replace American
Standard Testing MaterialsEnter name of the liquid and can
search the database
ChemFinderContains information from
manufacturers on chemicals◦Chemical structures◦Physical properties◦Hyperlinks for more information