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Tunneling for Lake Taps

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Agenda

1. Basic Tunneling

– Soft Ground Tunneling

– Hard Rock Tunneling

– Machine Selection

2. Shafts

3. Lake Taps

– Dry Tap

– Wet Tap

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Soft Ground Tunneling

– Hand Mining

– Sequential Excavation Mining

– Shields

– Earth Pressure Balance

– Slurry

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Hard Rock Tunneling

– Tunnel Boring Machines

– Road Header

– Drill & Blast

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Initial Support

• Ribs & Boards

• Liner plates

• Rock Bolts & Mesh

• Shotcrete

• Jacked pipe

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Tunneling Machine Selection

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Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) Machine

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EPB Machine

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Soft Ground Tunneling Slurry Shield with Drag Cutters

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Soft Ground Tunneling Slurry Circulation /

Separation Equipment System

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Soft Ground Tunneling

Slurry Separation Equipment

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Shaft Excavation

• Excavator

• Drill & Blast

• Blind Drills

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Shaft drilling

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Shaft Reamer

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Support

• Ribs & boards

• Liner plates

• Shotcrete, mesh & bolts

• Segments

• Other

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Lake Taps

• Dry Tap

• Wet Tap

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Dry Tap

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Excavation for work slab

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Concrete Slab Construction

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Ground Improvement

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Secant Pile Construction

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Drill shaft

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Set Steel Liner

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Grout Steel Liner

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Tunnel Arrival

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Connection to Tunnel

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Connection to Tunnel (cont.)

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Placing elbow in Tunnel

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Setting of Intake

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Setting of Intake (cont.)

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Wet Tap

• Norwegian Tap

• Microtunnel

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Norwegian Tap

•Tunnel to a rock plug

•Construct Rock trap

•Prepare tunnel for water

•Blast rock plug

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Microtunnel Tap

• Microtunnel Operation - No shaft In Lake

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Typical Microtunnel Operation

• Remotely controlled

pipe jacking process

•Non-person entry

•Pressurized closed face

TBM (Slurry or EPB)

•Active direction control

•Auger vs. slurry spoil

transport

•Diameters: 1 to 10 ft

•Drive span: 30 to 200 m,

typical

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Slurry Separation

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Microtunnel to 8 to10 ft. of Breakout

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Microtunnel to slope edge

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Bulkhead in Rear of MTBM

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Microtunnel Breakout

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Microtunnel Head Removal Preparation

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Microtunnel Head Removal

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Final Positioning of Casing

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Place Elbow & Trash Rack

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“Creating Space

Underground”