Post on 29-Dec-2014
transcript
Induction Machine:Constructing the Model
Preflux2D 9.2
Copyright © 2006 Magsoft Corporation
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or used in any form or by anymeans—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Webdistribution or information storage and retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher.
www.magsoft-flux.com
Cover illustration: Model showing shade plot of the induction motor
1 About this document xv
About Preflux 9.2 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xv
The New Supervisor · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xv
The Preflux window · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xvii
Interaction with the program · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xviii
Dialog boxes · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xviii
Format for user input · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xx
Activate commands · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxi
Use the toolbar buttons · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxi
Use the menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxii
Use the data tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxiii
Selecting items from the graphics display · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxiv
Notes for experienced/new users · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · xxviii
1 Get started with Preflux 9.2 1
Start Flux 9.2 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1
The new Flux Supervisor · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 2
Program manager · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 3
Directory manager · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5
Project manager· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6
Open Preflux 9.2 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 8
iii
ContentsOpen a new project · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9
Using the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9
Preflux 9.2 project window · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 11
Graphics display · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 11
Toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 12
The data tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 13
Console Window · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 14
Command Line · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15
Preflux 9.2 project commands and functions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15
Windows menu commands · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15
Project menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 16
Application menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 16
View menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 16
Display menu· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17
Select menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17
Geometry menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 18
Mesh menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 19
Physics menu· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 19
Tools menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 20
Help menu· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 20
Take time to explore · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 22
2 Create the motor parameters 23
The model of the motor· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 23
Overview: Defining parameters · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 24
Contentsiv
Attributes of parameters · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 25
Parameters and measurement units · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 25
Define the first parameter: The airgap width · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 26
Open the New parameter dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 26
Enter the data for the AIRGAP parameter · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 28
Define the second parameter · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 31
Define the remaining parameters for the motor · · · · · · · · · · · · 33
Save your problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 37
3 Create coordinate systems for the motor 41
Overview: Using coordinate systems · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 41
Data for the coordinate systems· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 42
Add a global coordinate system for the stator · · · · · · · · · · · · · 42
Open the New Coordinate System dialog box · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 43
Add the STATMAIN global coordinate system · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 44
Add the remaining coordinate systems · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 48
Add the ROTWORK coordinate system· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 49
Add the ROTLOC system · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 50
Add the STATWORK coordinate system · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 51
Add the STATLOC coordinate system · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 52
Define Periodicity · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 55
Save your problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 56
4 Create half of the first stator slot 57
Contents v
Notes on creating and displaying points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 57
Data for the initial points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 58
Add four points for half of the first stator slot· · · · · · · · · · · · · · 58
Open the New Point dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 59
Add the data to create the first point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 60
Add the data for the next 3 points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 63
Label the points with their reference numbers · · · · · · · · · · · · · 67
Using the Edit/Modify command · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 69
A note about selecting items · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 72
Add the first two lines of the stator slot· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 72
Open the New Line dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 73
Add Line 1 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 74
Add Line 2, the curved bottom of the slot · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 77
Label the lines with their reference numbers · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 79
Save your problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 80
5 Complete the first stator slot 81
About transformations· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 81
Add the SMIRROR transformation· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 82
Open the New Transformation dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 84
Add data for the SMIRROR transformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 85
Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 87
Open the Propagate Lines dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 88
Select the lines to propagate · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 89
Contentsvi
Add a line to close the slot· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 92
Open the Add Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 93
Build the face of the first slot · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 94
Save your problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 97
6 Begin the rotor geometry 99
Add the first four points for the rotor bar· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 99
Open the New Point dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 100
Add the lines of the half rotor bar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 104
Add the straight side of the rotor bar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 104
Add arcs for the curved top and bottom of the rotor bar · · · · · · · · · · · 107
Save your problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 111
7 Complete the first rotor bar 113
Add the RMIRROR transformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 114
Open the New Transformation dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 114
Add the data for the RMIRROR transformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 115
Apply the RMIRROR transformation· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 117
Open the Propagate Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · 117
Select the lines and add the data for propagation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 119
Construct the face of the rotor bar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 121
Save your problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 122
8 Complete the stator and rotor outlines 123
Contents vii
Add points for the stator’s outer boundary · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 123
Data for points at bottom edge of stator · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 123
Open the New Point dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · 123
Add the data for the points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 124
Add the straight side of the stator’s outer boundary · · · · · · · · 126
Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 126
Select the points to add Line 12 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 127
Add a transformation for the stator and rotor sides· · · · · · · · · 128
Open the New Transformation dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · 128
Add the data for the SIDES transformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 129
Apply the SIDES transformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 130
Open the Propagate Lines dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · 131
Select Line 12 to propagate · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 132
Add the stator’s outer boundary · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 133
Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 134
Add the data for Line 14 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 135
Add points for the straight side of the rotor · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 137
Data for points at bottom edge of rotor · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 137
Open the New Point dialog from the data tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 137
Add the data for the points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 138
Add the line for the rotor side with point numbers · · · · · · · · · 140
Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 141
Enter the points for Line 15 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 142
Extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation · · · · · · · · · · · 143
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Open the Extrude Lines dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 143
Select Line 15 to extrude· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 145
Add the first section of the stator’s inner boundary · · · · · · · · · 147
Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · 147
Save your work · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 150
9 Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and
Mesh_Line 151
Notes about this mesh· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 151
Mesh requirements in the airgap · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 152
Change to the Mesh context· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 152
Mesh context toolbars · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 154
Add the mesh points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 156
Open the New Mesh Point dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 157
Add the data for the first mesh point (MRTOP) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 158
Add the other mesh points· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 160
Assign the mesh points · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 163
Points for the MSBOT mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 163
Open the Assign Mesh Point dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 164
Select the points and assign the MSBOT mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 165
Assign the MRTOP mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 166
Assign the MAIRGAP mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 168
Assign the MSOD mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 173
Assign the MRID mesh point · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 174
Add a Mesh Line · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 177
Contents ix
Open the Add Mesh Line dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 177
Add the data for the MLRBOT mesh line· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 178
Assign MLRBOT to the rotor bar bottom· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 180
Open the Assign Mesh Line dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 180
Select the lines and assign the MLRBOT mesh line · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 182
10 Complete the geometry 185
Add a transformation to duplicate the stator slot · · · · · · · · · · 185
Open the New Transformation dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 185
Add the data for the SDUPLI transformation· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 187
Use SDUPLI to create the other slots· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 188
Open the Propagate Faces dialog · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 190
Enter the data for the propagation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 192
Add lines for the stator’s inner boundary · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 195
Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · 195
Add other sections of the stator’s inner boundary · · · · · · · · · · 198
Open the Propagate Lines dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 198
Select the line and complete the propagation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 199
Close the top of the stator’s inner boundary· · · · · · · · · · · · · · 201
Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · 201
Add the data for the line · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 202
Add a transformation to duplicate the rotor bar · · · · · · · · · · · 204
Open the New Transformation dialog· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 204
Add the data for the RDUPLI transformation· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 205
Contentsx
Use RDUPLI to duplicate the rotor bar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 207
Open the Propagate Faces dialog with the icon in the toolbar · · · · · · · · 207
Select the bar face · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 208
Add the data to complete the propagation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 209
Close the airgap · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 211
Open the New Line dialog with the icon · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 211
Add the line at the bottom of the model · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 212
Add the line at the top of the model · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 214
Construct the remaining faces for the geometry · · · · · · · · · · 216
Save your problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 218
11 Generate, verify and save the mesh 219
Change to the Mesh context· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 219
Generate the mesh · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 221
Mesh the Lines · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 221
Mesh the Faces· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 222
Save the mesh · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 225
Close the project · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 226
Close Preflux 2D · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 228
12 Enter the materials 231
Open the materials database (CSLMAT)· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 232
Create the iron material (nonlinear steel) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 233
Create the aluminum material · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 243
Contents xi
13 Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX 245
Overview of the circuit· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 245
Start ELECTRIFLUX · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 247
Open a new circuit problem · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 249
ELECTRIFLUX toolbar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 251
ELECTRIFLUX menus · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 252
File menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 252
Edit menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 252
View menu· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 253
Circuit menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 253
Sheet menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 254
Window menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 254
? (Help) menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 254
Change the size of the sheet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 255
Add the coils to the circuit · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 259
Place the coil components on the sheet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 261
Rotate the coils for proper orientation of the hot point· · · · · · · · · · · · · 265
Add the resistors to the circuit · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 268
Place the 3 resistors on the sheet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 270
Rotate the resistors· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 271
Add the inductors to the circuit · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 273
Place the 3 inductors on the sheet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 275
Rotate the inductors · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 276
Add the voltage sources to the circuit · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 278
Contentsxii
Place the voltage sources on the sheet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 280
Rotate the voltage sources· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 280
Add the squirrel cage to the circuit · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 282
Save your circuit· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 285
Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit) · · · · · · · · · · 286
Rename components· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 290
Analyze the circuit · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 291
Save and close the circuit file · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 293
Close ELECTRIFLUX· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 295
Contents xiii
About this document
Welcome to Preflux 9.2!
This chapter includes some general information about this document, along with a very briefintroduction to Preflux, the all-new preprocessor for both Flux2D and Flux3D.
About Preflux 9.2
Preflux 9.2 is the new preprocessor for Flux. Below is a very brief description of the new FluxSupervisor and the Preflux interface. More detailed information is presented in Chapter 1.
The New Supervisor
The new Supervisor for Preflux 9.2 organizes all the modules for both Flux2D and Flux3D.
xv
Introduction
In addition, the Supervisor includes a directory manager and a project manager for all your Fluxproject files, along with My programs, shortcuts to other programs.
See also the online User's Guide for a complete description of the new Flux Supervisor.
About Preflux 9.2 About this document
xvi
New Flux Supervisor (for 2D and 3D)
The Preflux window
The following figure shows the Preflux window.
Preflux includes all the commands you will use to create the model geometry, the mesh, andphysical model.
About this document About Preflux 9.2
xvii
Preflux window (with complete geometry)
Interaction with the program
Flux is essentially an object-oriented relational database. To create a geometric model, therefore,you add items (entities) to the database with which to build the model. These items may begeneral tools such as parameters, coordinate systems, or transformations, or specific items suchas points and lines, or mesh points and lines.
Dialog boxes
Preflux 9.2 features an all-new, completely Windows-based interface, so most actions areperformed through input in dialog boxes.
The following figure, for example, shows the screen with the blank dialog box open and ready tocreate the first parameter.
Interaction with the program About this document
xviii
Ready to add a new parameter
The following figure shows only the dialog box, along with the data entered for the firstparameter.
After you click OK to enter the data, most dialog boxes reopen automatically, for you tocontinue adding the same kind of entity. They will reopen until you close them. The followingfigure shows the new dialog box after the first parameter has been created.
About this document Interaction with the program
xix
New dialog, after adding the first parameter
Dialog box with input to create the first parameter (AIRGAP)
To close a dialog, click the button or choose Cancel:
Format for user input
Interaction with the program is presented in the two-column format shown below.
� Prompts, dialog fields or responses from the program are shown in the first (shaded) column.
� The information you input or the actions you perform are shown in the right (white)column.
For instance, the following command sequence shows what you input to create the firstparameter for the problem (AIRGAP):
Field Input
Name of Parameter AIRGAP
Comment width of the airgap
Algebraic expression for the
parameter
0.25
OK
Interaction with the program About this document
xx
Closing the New parameter dialog after adding the last
parameter
Activate commands
You can activate most commands in several ways. Most commands open dialog boxes, asdescribed previously. To activate commands (open dialog boxes), you can use icons from thetoolbar, select commands from the menu, or use items in the Data Tree.
Use the toolbar buttons
You can activate most commands by selecting the appropriate icon from the toolbar button. Forexample, the icons to add (create) new items all include a yellow * symbol, as shown below:
The New Geometric Parameter dialog can be opened with the fourth of the Add buttons, thebutton:
Program Input
click
About this document Activate commands
xxi
Add icons (Geometry context)
Use the menu
All commands and dialog boxes can be opened from the menu.
For example, to open the New parameter dialog, choose Geometry, Geometric Parameter, Newto open the New parameter dialog:
Program Input
Geometry
Geometric Parameter
New
Activate commands About this document
xxii
Use the data tree
You can also click on items in the data tree to open context menus containing commands mostfrequently used.
Right click on Geometric Parameter and choose New from the context menu, as shown below:
Program Input
Right click Geometric Parameter
New
About this document Activate commands
xxiii
Selecting items from the graphics display
All the items you add to the database are automatically numbered for reference. For example, theAIRGAP parameter is assigned the Parameter Number 2 by Flux (the default parameter, PI, isnumber 1).
You can use these reference numbers to select items; for example, when you are creating a line,you need to select and enter specific points. If you know the reference numbers for the points,you can type those numbers into the dialog fields.
However, for most actions, you can select items from the graphics screen. The following figureshows the new line dialog, with the Point field activated, that is, ready for the input of thestarting point. When a field is activated, it is filled with light blue, as shown:
Selecting items from the graphics display About this document
xxiv
Ready to enter the starting point of a line segment
When a field is activated, you can select items from the graphics screen. The figure below showsPoint 4 being selected to add the first line for the stator slot. Note that 3 is shown in the"Starting point" field of the dialog.
About this document Selecting items from the graphics display
xxv
Creating the first line of the stator slot
As the point is selected, the item number is displayed in the field, as shown in the followingfigure:
You can also type the item number (point number, in this case) into the dialog field.
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xxvi
Point 3 selected as starting point of a straight line
The creation of Line 1 is shown in the following dialog and command sequence:
You must enter or verify the information in the New Line dialog as follows:
Program Input
Type of Line Segment defined by Starting and Ending Points
Point defining segment
Starting Point 3
Ending Point 4
About this document Selecting items from the graphics display
xxvii
Dialog box to create Line 1, side of stator slot
As soon as you choose Point 4, the line will be added and the dialog will close momentarily:
The dialog will then reopen. To stop adding lines, close the New Line dialog with or Cancel.
Program Input
Starting Point Cancel
Notes for experienced/new users
If you are an experienced user of Flux, you may want to look carefully at Chapter 1, theorientation to Flux 9.2, to see the changes in the new interface.
If you are new to Flux2D, we recommend that you read and work through the complete text ofthis tutorial.
Notes for experienced/new users About this document
xxviii
Line 1 added to the problem database
Get started with Preflux 9.2
Start Flux 9.2
From the Windows Taskbar, select Start, All Programs, Cedrat (or your Flux2D installationdirectory) and Flux 9.2:
1
Chapter 1
Starting Flux 9.2
The new Flux Supervisor
The Supervisor window will open:
The Supervisor is organized into three basic areas:
� the Program manager
� the Directory manager
� the Project manager
The new Flux Supervisor Get started with Preflux 9.2
Chapter 12
Flux 9.2 Supervisor
Program manager
The Program manager lists and launches all the Flux modules (Geometry & Physics, Circuit,etc.), as well as a Dos shell and the Explorer:
Get started with Preflux 9.2 The new Flux Supervisor
Chapter 1 3
Program manager
You can start any module by double clicking on its name in the program manager:
You can switch from Flux2D to Flux3D or Flux for skewed applications by selecting theappropriate tab at the bottom of the modules list:
In the My programs area, below the module tree, there are shortcuts to the Dos Shell and theExplorer.
You can add shortcuts to other programs. Right click on System tools or anywhere inside thearea and choose Add programs:
The new Flux Supervisor Get started with Preflux 9.2
Chapter 14
Adding shortcuts to My programs
Starting the Circuit module from the Program manager
Directory manager
The Directory manager shows your computer's complete directory, and if a completed project isselected, a preview of the geometry is displayed. If no project is selected, the "FluxView" icon isdisplayed.
Get started with Preflux 9.2 The new Flux Supervisor
Chapter 1 5
Directory manager and preview of
geometry
Project manager
The project manager displays all your Flux projects.
If this is your first use of Flux, this area will be empty.
The new Flux Supervisor Get started with Preflux 9.2
Chapter 16
Flux projects (working directory)
In the Program manager, check that the Flux2D tab is on top. If you are not sure, look at the top of the Supervisor's program manager area:
Get started with Preflux 9.2 The new Flux Supervisor
Chapter 1 7
2D Standard version (for general use)
Open Preflux 9.2
To open Preflux 9.2, in the Program manager in the Construction folder, double click Geometry& Physics.
Program Input
Double click Geometry & Physics
Open Preflux 9.2 Get started with Preflux 9.2
Chapter 18
Get started with Preflux 9.2 Open a new project
Chapter 1 9
The main Preflux window will open.
In the Preflux window there are three main menus, Project, View, and ? (Help), but to see thecomplete set of Preflux Geometry and Mesh commands, you must open a new project.
Open a new project
Using the icon in the toolbar
To create a new Flux project, click the icon in the toolbar:
Program Input
click
Preflux window
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Project, New from the menu:
Program Input
Project
New
The Preflux 9.2 project window will open, as described in the following section.
� The Project window opens in the Geometry context by default. The Geometry icon
over the Data Tree will be depressed, as shown in the following figure.
Open a new project Get started with Preflux 9.2
Chapter 110
Preflux 9.2 project window
The Preflux 9.2 project window, like those of other Flux programs, is divided into three mainareas.
� Graphics display
� Problem data tree
� Console window
Graphics display
The largest is the Graphics display area, which (by default) occupies most of the screen.However, you can resize the different areas of the screen and, if you wish, you can hide the datatree, the command line, and/or the Console window.
Get started with Preflux 9.2 Preflux 9.2 project window
Chapter 1 11
Preflux 9.2 project window (showing complete geometry)
Toolbar
The toolbar along the top includes project management icons (New, Open, Save), as well asspecial icons for display, selection, creation, and manipulation of geometric and mesh entities.
The following figure shows the Project, Undo, New, Propagate, Extrude, and Assign iconsavailable in the Geometry context:
The following figure shows the Check, View, and Select sets of icons:
The following figures identify the Geometry toolbar icons:
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Chapter 112
Toolbar (Geometry context): Project, New, Propagate, Extrude, Assign icons
Toolbar (Geometry context): Check, View, Select icons
The data tree
The data tree, on the left side of the screen, displays all the problem data in a tree structure. Forexample, you can see all the geometric parameters in a model, as shown in the following figure.
Get started with Preflux 9.2 Preflux 9.2 project window
Chapter 1 13
Parameters list in problem Data Tree
The Data tree displays the individual entries that are expanded using the key in the tree.
You can select multiple items from the Data tree. Click the first item, hold down the Shift key,and select the other items.
Console Window
Across the bottom of the screen is the Console or Text output window, which displays a textrecord of program responses. This record is saved in a log file (Preflu2D.log). In addition, thecommands entered as saved as a “spy” file (Preflu2D.py), as in earlier versions of Flux.
You can use spy files and Python commands to automate the execution of repetitive commandsequences, for example, to create and position sets of objects.
Preflux 9.2 project window Get started with Preflux 9.2
Chapter 114
Selecting points7-10 from the list in the Selection tree
Command Line
Directly below the graphics area and the console window status area is the Python bar orcommand line. You must first click on the expansion arrow to reveal the command line.
You can run Flux by entering Python commands in this line.
Preflux 9.2 project commands and functions
Below are brief descriptions of the commands and options shown in the Preflux project window.
Windows menu commands
The Windows menu commands are located in the menu bar across the very top of the Prefluxwindow.
Get started with Preflux 9.2 Preflux 9.2 project commands and functions
Chapter 1 15
Python command line revealed below console window
Project menu
The Project menu is shown below:
Within the Project menu are commands to manage projects, spy files and command files.
Application menu
With the Application menu, you can select the type of physical model you are building. Inprevious versions of Flux, this was done in a separate application (prophy).
View menu
The View menu includes commands to enlarge the Graphics area or a selected area of the display,as well as to shift the perspective of the graphics display.
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Chapter 116
Display menu
The Display menu allows you to select which elements of your model you would like to display.
Select menu
The Select menu allows you to choose which item of your model you want to “pick” using themouse:
Get started with Preflux 9.2 Preflux 9.2 project commands and functions
Chapter 1 17
Geometry menu
The Geometry menu is used to create, edit and delete the different elements of the model. Forexample, new points and lines can be created. In addition, operations on the various elements canbe performed, such as transformations and extrusion.
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Chapter 118
Using the Geometry menu to add a new
Coordinate system.
Using the Geometry menu to propagate points
Mesh menu
Within the mesh menu are commands for managing the elements required for generating a mesh.This includes creating and assigning mesh points, mesh lines and mesh generators.
Physics menu
The physics menu contains operations required to define the physical model of the problem. Thisincludes defining the model symmetries and defining and assigning materials to the variousregions of the model.
Get started with Preflux 9.2 Preflux 9.2 project commands and functions
Chapter 1 19
Using the Mesh menu to create a mesh line
Using the Physic menu to add a new material.
Tools menu
Included in the Tools menu is the Undo command, to revert the project to a previous state.There are also commands to define and use custom colors in your model.
Help menu
The Help menu provides access to the online help for Flux, including a searchable index andlinks to the complete User’s Guide and other manuals.
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Chapter 120
A selection from the online Help is shown here:
Get started with Preflux 9.2 Preflux 9.2 project commands and functions
Chapter 1 21
Take time to explore
Take a few minutes to look at the menus and the icons in the Preflux project window.
For instance, as you move your mouse over the icons, you will see labels that identify them:
You will begin the model by creating parameters to define basic dimensions of the motorgeometry.
Take time to explore Get started with Preflux 9.2
Chapter 122
Preflux project window
Create the motor parameters
The model of the motor
The model is based on a 4-pole, 3-phase, 36-slot, 28-bar induction motor. Because of the motor’speriodicities, we will model only ¼ of it (1 pole). Our model, therefore, consists of 9 stator slotsand 7 rotor bars. The airgap is set to 0.25 mm.
The following figure is a diagram of the model, showing its structure and dimensions.
23
Chapter 2
Model of the problem (all dimensions in mm)
This tutorial will show you how to construct the geometry and create the mesh for one pole ofthis induction motor. To simplify the process, you will begin by creating parameters andcoordinate systems for the model. Then you will create the first stator slot and the first rotor bar.Both the geometry and mesh of the remaining stator slots and rotor bars will be created bypropagation.
The following figure is a diagram of the model as you will construct it in Preflux2D:
Overview: Defining parameters
You will begin the motor geometry by defining parameters to represent dimensions of variousparts of the motor.
There are several reasons to use parameters. First of all, parameters simplify problem entry. Also,identifying dimensions with names makes modifications much easier. For instance, entering thewidth of the airgap as a parameter means you can change the size of the airgap in one step, inonly a few seconds, and Preflux 9.2 will automatically update the entire model. Without theairgap parameter, to change the width of the airgap would require redefining the coordinates ofevery point in the airgap, redrawing every adjacent line, and so on. Parameters also allow you tomodify the scale of a geometry through their relationship with coordinate systems.
Overview: Defining parameters Create the motor parameters
Chapter 224
Model to be constructed in Preflux2D
Attributes of parameters
Parameters are defined with three attributes:
1. name (an abbreviated label)
2. comment (an optional concise description), and
3. mathematical expression (a value or formula).
Parameter names may be up to 80 characters long but must not include spaces or specialcharacters, such as & @ %.
Comments describe briefly what the parameter represents and may be up to 80 characters long.(Comments are optional.)
The following are valid in terms of mathematical expression:
a. Constantb. Arithmetic operators (+,-,*,/,**)c. Arithmetic functions (SQRT, LOG, SIN, etc.)d. Other parameterse. Combinations of any of these
Parameters and measurement units
Please note that parameters are independent of any unit of measurement. In other words, thenumerical value entered for a parameter is not changed when the unit of measurement is changed.Any measurement unit associated with a parameter derives from the coordinate system in whichthe parameter is used.
For example, a parameter may be defined with a value of 10 and used in a coordinate system withmillimeters as units of measurement. This parameter’s value will still be 10 if the coordinatesystem’s units are changed to inches or meters or any other available unit. Thus, when you useparameters, you can also modify the scale of a geometric feature without reentering each point oritem.
Create the motor parameters Overview: Defining parameters
Chapter 2 25
Define the first parameter: The airgap width
Your project window should be open in the Geometry context, as shown in the following figure:
Open the New parameter dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
Open the New parameter dialog by clicking the New Parameter icon in the toolbar:
Screen Input
click
Define the first parameter: The airgap width Create the motor parameters
Page Chapter 226
Ready to add parameters
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Geometric Parameter, New from the menu:
Program Input
Geometry
Geometric Parameter
New
The New parameter dialog will open:
Create the motor parameters Define the first parameter: The airgap width
Chapter 2 Page 27
New parameter dialog box
Enter the data for the AIRGAP parameter
You will need to enter a name, a comment (if you wish) and the algebraic expression (or value)for the parameter.
The Name field shows the default parameter name, ParameterGeom_1. When you type in thename, you can type in upper or lower case. Once the parameter is created, the name will bestored and displayed in uppercase letters: AIRGAP. The same behavior is true for the commentfield.
If you wish, you can use the TAB key to move from one field to the next, and then press theENTER key or click OK to complete the data entry for the parameter.
The following figure shows the New parameter dialog with the information needed to define theAIRGAP parameter:
Enter the information for the AIRGAP parameter as follows:
Program Input
Name of Parameter(PARAMETRE_GEOM1)
AIRGAP
Comment width of the airgap
Definition
Algebraic expression for the
parameter
0.25
OK
When you click OK, the dialog will close and the AIRGAP parameter will be added to thedatabase.
Define the first parameter: The airgap width Create the motor parameters
Chapter 228
Creating the AIRGAP parameter
Notice that the Console window displays a message confirming the creation of the AIRGAPparameter:
Click the next to Geometric parameters in the Data Tree to see the parameters:
Create the motor parameters Define the first parameter: The airgap width
Chapter 2 29
AIRGAP parameter in data tree
AIRGAP, ParameterGeom(2), created
The New parameters dialog will open again, ready for you to add another parameter. Your screenshould resemble the following figure:
The dialog reopens with a new default parameter name (AIRGAP_1).
Define the first parameter: The airgap width Create the motor parameters
Chapter 230
Ready to add another parameter
Ready to define second parameter
Define the second parameter
The second parameter is SOD, the stator's outer diameter, with a value of 170.
Click on the New parameters dialog to activate it (if necessary), and enter the information asfollows:
Program Input
Name of Parameter (AIRGAP_1) SOD
Comment outer diameter of the stator
Definition
Algebraic expression for the parameter
170
OK
Your dialog should look like the one shown below:
Again, when you click OK, the SOD parameter is created, and the dialog will close.
Create the motor parameters Define the second parameter
Chapter 2 31
SOD, parameter for stator's outer diameter
The New parameters dialog will open again, as before.
It will re-open after every parameter until you close it.
Define the second parameter Create the motor parameters
Chapter 232
Ready to add another parameter
Define the remaining parameters for the motor
Now define the other parameters for the motor. Use the following table as a guide to enter theinformation for the parameters. Each row of the table presents the information needed to defineone parameter. You have already entered the information to define the first two parameters,AIRGAP and SOD, so those rows of the table are cross-hatched.
Motor parameters
Number Name Comment Expression
2 AIRGAP width of the airgap 0.25
3 SOD outer diameter of stator 170
4 SID inner diameter of stator 117
5 SSHEIGHT height of stator slot 13
6 SSOPEN stator slot opening 3.8
7 SSBR bottom radius of statorslot
3.6
8 RBHEIGHT height of rotor bar 18
9 RBTOPR top radius of rotor bar 2.75
10 RBBOTR bottom radius of rotorbar
1.15
11 ROD outer diameter of rotor 116.5
12 TOPRB location of top of rotor bar
110.26
13 RID inner diameter of rotor 38
� The expression for a parameter must not contain any spaces!
Create the motor parameters Define the remaining parameters for the motor
Chapter 2 33
After the last parameter (RID) is entered, and the New parameters dialog opens again, close it:
You can click the button or choose Cancel.
Program Input
Name of Parameter (RID_1) Cancel
Define the remaining parameters for the motor Create the motor parameters
Chapter 234
Closing the New Geometric Parameter dialog to stop adding
parameters
Your screen should resemble the following figure:
Create the motor parameters Define the remaining parameters for the motor
Chapter 2 35
Parameters entered
Notice all the parameters listed in the data tree:
Notice, too, that as you move your cursor over the parameter names, the comments are displayedto help you identify the parameters.
Define the remaining parameters for the motor Create the motor parameters
Chapter 236
Parameters in data tree
Save your problem
Before you continue, save your problem.
Using the icon in the toolbar
Click the Save icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Project, Save from the menu:
Program Input
Project
Save
Create the motor parameters Save your problem
Chapter 2 37
The "Save" Flux project dialog will open.
Your current project directory (working directory) will be displayed in the first field at the top,"Save in:" .
If you want to save to another directory, click the and browse to the directory you wish (forexample, ours is called "Flux_Work"). Then enter a name for your project and click Save. (Enterany name you wish. We show Ind_Motor only as an example).
Save your problem Create the motor parameters
Chapter 238
Saving project for the first time
To save a project (first save)
To save the problem to the directory you have chosen, proceed as follows:
Program Input
Save in: Flux_Work [or your workingdirectory]
File Name: Ind_Motor
Save
The Console will display a message that your project has been saved:
Next, you will create coordinate systems for the motor.
Create the motor parameters Save your problem
Chapter 2 39
Project saved for the first time
Create coordinate systems for themotor
Overview: Using coordinate systems
All geometric features must be defined with respect to a coordinate system, either the defaultXY1 system or a user-defined coordinate system. With a user-defined system you can save timeby defining only small parts of the geometry and then duplicating and positioning these parts tocomplete the model. This problem features a periodic structure, so through user-definedcoordinate systems, you can create most of the geometry by duplicating one stator slot and onerotor bar. You also save time if you want to modify the geometry later, because several types ofchanges can be made by modifying the coordinate system.
Coordinate systems are defined with the following attributes:
1. name (an abbreviated label)
2. comment (concise description)
3. definition of system (global or local)
4. coordinate system of definition (for local systems)
5. type of coordinates (Cartesian, etc.)
6. the coordinates of the origin (values)
7. the orientation of the axes (values)
8. the unit of length (for global systems), and
9. the unit of angle (for global systems).
41
Chapter 3Data for the coordinate systems
The following tables summarize the data for the coordinate systems.
Stator coordinate systems
Name Comment System Defined in Type X Y theta-Z
STATMAINMain statorcoordinatesystem
2D_GLOBALCartesian2D
0 0 0
STATWORKWorking system for stator
LOCAL STATMAINCartesian2D
0 0 5
STATLOCLocal statorsystem
LOCAL STATWORKCartesian2D
SID/2 0 0
Rotor coordinate systems
Name Comment System Defined in Type X Y theta-Z
ROTMAINMain rotorcoordinatesystem
2D_GLOBALCartesian2D
0 0 0
ROTWORKWorking system for rotor
LOCAL ROTMAINCartesian2D
0 090/(7*2)
ROTLOCLocal systemfor rotor
LOCAL ROTWORKCartesian2D
TOPRB/20 0
Add a global coordinate system for the stator
Begin by defining a global coordinate system (STATMAIN) for the stator. This systemestablishes the orientation of the stator as a whole.
A global coordinate system such as STATMAIN is independent; it is not defined within ordependent on any other coordinate system. A local coordinate system, however, must be definedwithin an existing system and therefore is dependent on the existing system. Local coordinatesystems may be defined within a global system or within other existing local coordinate systems.
Types of coordinates include Cartesian and cylindrical.
Data for the coordinate systems Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 342
Open the New Coordinate System dialog box
Using the icon in the toolbar
To open the New Coordinate system dialog, click the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Coordinate System, New from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Coordinate System
New
Create coordinate systems for the motor Add a global coordinate system for the stator
Chapter 3 43
The New Coordinate System dialog will open:
Add the STATMAIN global coordinate system
To define the STATMAIN coordinate system, enter or verify the information as follows:
Program Input
Name of Coordinate System(REPERE1)
STATMAIN
Comment main stator coordinate system
Definition
Type of Coordinate System Cartesian
Add a global coordinate system for the stator Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 344
New Coordinate System dialog
Program Input
Defined with respect to theGlobal or a Local CoordinateSystem
Global
After you select Global, the dialog will display different fields:
Create coordinate systems for the motor Add a global coordinate system for the stator
Chapter 3 45
Adding the STATMAIN coordinate system
Enter or verify the information in the dialog as follows:
Program Input
Length Unit MILLIMETER
Angle Unit DEGREE
Origin of the Coordinate System
Formula or Value
Origin: first component 0
Origin: second component 0
Rotation Angle about Z axis(Angle Unit of CoordinateSystem)
0
OK
When you click OK, the STATMAIN coordinate system will be added, and the dialog will closemomentarily.
Add a global coordinate system for the stator Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 346
The New Coordinate System dialog will open again. Your screen should resemble the followingfigure:
Create coordinate systems for the motor Add a global coordinate system for the stator
Chapter 3 47
STATMAIN coordinate system added to the database
Add the remaining coordinate systems
The rotor is also represented with three separate coordinate systems. The first applies to theentire rotor geometry, while the remaining two apply to the rotor bar geometry. For thisproblem, we use two global coordinate systems for the machine (one for the stator and one forthe rotor) in order to study the eccentricity effect. Otherwise, a common global coordinatesystem could be used for both the stator and the rotor.
The following figures show the information for each coordinate system. After entering theinformation as shown, click the OK button. The dialog will briefly close and reopen, ready forthe next coordinate system definition. Be careful that you correctly select a Global or Localcoordinate system and, if Local, the coordinate system it is based on.
Add the remaining coordinate systems Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 348
To add ROTMAIN coordinate system
Add the ROTWORK coordinate system
Create coordinate systems for the motor Add the remaining coordinate systems
Chapter 3 49
To add the local ROTWORK system
Add the ROTLOC system
Add the remaining coordinate systems Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 350
Adding the ROTLOC coordinate system
Add the STATWORK coordinate system
Create coordinate systems for the motor Add the remaining coordinate systems
Chapter 3 51
To add STATWORK coordinate system
Add the STATLOC coordinate system
Add the remaining coordinate systems Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 352
To add STATLOC local coordinate system to the database
When the New Coordinate System dialog opens again, close it with the button or bychoosing Cancel:
Program Input
Name of Coordinate System(STATLOC_1)
Cancel
Create coordinate systems for the motor Add the remaining coordinate systems
Chapter 3 53
Closing the New Coordinate System dialog
To see the complete list of coordinate systems, click the next to Coordinate System in thedata tree:
Add the remaining coordinate systems Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 354
Coordinate systems in data tree
Define Periodicity
In previous versions of Flux, you needed to specify boundary conditions. With Flux 9.2,boundary conditions are automatically created based on symmetry and periodicity.
Since we are modeling one quarter, or 90 degrees, of the model, we need to define a periodicityreflecting this. Select the icon from the toolbar to create a new periodicity.
Program Input
Click
The New Periodicity dialog opens.
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Geometrical type of theperiodicity
Rotation about Z axis withnumber of repetitions
Repetition number of theperiodicity about Z
4
Offset angle with respect tothe X line
0
Create coordinate systems for the motor Define Periodicity
Chapter 3 55
Defining a periodicity for the induction motor
Physical aspects of periodicity Odd (anticyclic boundaryconditions)
OK
Save your problem
Using the icon in the toolbar
Save your problem now (if you wish) by clicking the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Project, Save from the menu.
Program Input
Project
Save
Save your problem Create coordinate systems for the motor
Chapter 356
Create half of the first stator slot
Now you can use the coordinate systems and parameters to create the initial points and lines ofthe stator geometry.
The geometry can be constructed in many different ways besides the one we present. We createthe geometry in this particular way in order to introduce you to the tools and features you arelikely to use most often.
Notes on creating and displaying points
Points can be created as a set of coordinates in a specified coordinate system, or as an image of anexisting point through a geometric transformation. The points of this problem geometry all useCartesian coordinates. The coordinates can be values, functions, parameters, or any combinationsof these. You will also use several of the stator parameters as the coordinates of the points of thetop half of the first stator slot.
As the points are entered, Preflux 9.2 automatically assigns a reference number to each point.Reference numbers are assigned to all geometric items—in the order in which they are entered.For instance, our first parameter, the AIRGAP, is ParameterGeom(2); the default parameter, PI,as you may recall, is ParameterGeom(1).
You may notice that some of the reference numbers in our figures may not be the same as yours.If you create points or lines in a different order than we use in the text, your reference numberswill be different. Do not be alarmed at this difference. Items may be entered in any order youwish, but it is the order that determines the reference number.
You may wish to use these reference numbers, for example, to select items, but the numbers arenot automatically displayed. To see the reference numbers on your screen, use the Display menu. (You will see how to display the reference numbers later, after you have entered the points.)
Finally, you may notice that as several points are entered, you may not be able to see individualpoints. Use the Zoom All icon whenever you want to see a view of the complete geometry.Use the Zoom Region icon to enlarge a selected area of the screen to see a specific point orfeature. After using Zoom Region, choose Zoom All to restore the full display.
57
Chapter 4Data for the initial points
The following table shows the data for the first four points, which form the upper half of thefirst stator slot. Use the table to enter the information, or work through the complete commandsequence below.
� If you enter the points exactly as they are listed, they will be numbered in this
order, and your screen displays will match those shown in this tutorial.
Coordinates of 4 points of the upper half of the stator slot
Point Coordinate system X coordinate Y coordinate
P1 STATLOC 0 0
P2 STATLOC SSHEIGHT 0
P3 STATLOC 0 SSOPEN/2
P4 STATLOC SSHEIGHT-SSBR SSBR
Add four points for half of the first stator slot
The first four points define the upper half of the first stator slot. These points will be entered as aset of coordinates in the STATLOC coordinate system. Three of the points are defined using the parameters you defined earlier.
The following figure shows these four points:
Data for the initial points Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 458
Points for upper half of first stator slot
Open the New Point dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
To add the first point, open the New Point dialog by clicking the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Point, New from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Point
New
Create half of the first stator slot Add four points for half of the first stator slot
Chapter 4 59
The New Point dialog will open:
Add the data to create the first point
In the New Point dialog, make sure the "Geometric Definition" tab is on top. Then enter orverify the information as follows:
Program Input
Type of the Point Point defined by its Parametric Coordinates
Coordinate System fordefinition
STATLOC
Local coordinates
Formula or Value
First coordinate 0
Second coordinate 0
OK
Add four points for half of the first stator slot Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 460
New point dialog
Your dialog should resemble the following figure.
When you click OK, the point will be added. The New Point dialog will close and then reopen.
Create half of the first stator slot Add four points for half of the first stator slot
Chapter 4 61
Information to define Point 1
Your screen should resemble the following figure:
Add four points for half of the first stator slot Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 462
Point 1 created
The New point dialog box should be open again:
Notice that the dialog displays the coordinates from point 1, and that the Formula or Value fieldfor the First coordinate is active. To create Point 2, you can simply enter the new coordinatesand click OK or press Enter.
� You must press the Enter key to enter point coordinates. If you want to enter the
default coordinate, press Enter. The data will be entered and the next field will be
activated.
Add the data for the next 3 points
The following figures show the dialogs and the coordinate values you must enter to create points2, 3, and 4:
Program Input
Point 2
SSHEIGHT
0
OK
Create half of the first stator slot Add four points for half of the first stator slot
Chapter 4 63
New point dialog—after creation of Point 1
Program Input
Point 3
0
SSOPEN/2
OK
Point 4
SSHEIGHT-SSBR
SSBR
OK
Add four points for half of the first stator slot Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 464
You will see the four points in your graphics window.
Create half of the first stator slot Add four points for half of the first stator slot
Chapter 4 65
First four points (upper half of stator slot)
When the New Point dialog reopens, close it.
You can click the icon, or choose Cancel.
Program Input
First coordinate Cancel
Add four points for half of the first stator slot Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 466
Closing the New Point dialog to stop adding points
Your screen should resemble the following figure.
Label the points with their reference numbers
To display the reference numbers for the points you have entered so far, from the menu, chooseDisplay, Display Point Numbers.
Program Input
Display
Display point numbers
Notice that Point is the only active choice now, because you have added only points to thegeometry so far.
Create half of the first stator slot Label the points with their reference numbers
Chapter 4 67
Points 1-4
You should then see the reference numbers for the points on your screen, as shown in thefollowing figure:
These four points define the upper half of the stator slot with respect to the STATLOCcoordinate system. (If you want to remove the point numbers, choose Display, Display pointnumbers.)
Label the points with their reference numbers Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 468
Points labeled with reference numbers
Using the Edit/Modify command
If you want to see additional information about a specific point or any other geometric item, usethe Edit command from the Geometry menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Point
Edit
The Selection of Point to edit dialog will open for you to select the point to edit or modify. (Wechose Point 1.)
Create half of the first stator slot Using the Edit/Modify command
Chapter 4 69
Choosing Point 1 to edit
The "Edit Point[1]" dialog will open:
Note that the title bar of the dialog includes the number of the point you are editing.
Within this dialog you can make several kinds of changes. You can
� change the coordinate system and coordinates of the point under the Geometric Definitiontab
� see the values of the coordinates in meters and change the "nature" of the point under theGeometric complements tab
� see the surface region (if any) to which the point is assigned under the Region tab
� check or modify the Mesh point (if any) assigned to this point under the Mesh tab, and
� change the color and "visibility" of the point under the Appearance tab.
Look at the other tabs and options in this dialog if you wish.
� Do not make any changes to Point 1 at this time.
Using the Edit/Modify command Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 470
Editing Point 1
When you are ready to proceed, close the Edit point dialog.
Click the icon or choose Cancel.
Program Input
Edit Point[1]click or Cancel
Next you will draw the first two lines, for the straight side and curved bottom of the slot.
Create half of the first stator slot Using the Edit/Modify command
Chapter 4 71
Closing the Edit Point dialog
A note about selecting items
When you want to select geometric items from the graphics display, you must indicate whichtype of item you want to select by choosing one of the selection icons (shown below).
The Selection icons include an arrow symbol and are located in the toolbar below and to the rightof the ? (Help) menu.
Make sure the Select point icon is depressed.
If you prefer, you can choose Select, Select points from the menu.
Program Input
Select
Select points
The Select Point icon should be depressed now.
Add the first two lines of the stator slot
In Preflux 2D, lines may be drawn as straight segments or arcs of a circle.
You will use two types of line connections for the induction motor geometry: the straight line"Segment defined by Starting and Ending points" for the straight sides of the stator slots, rotorbars and the sides of the stator and rotor; and "Arc defined by its radius, Starting and Endingpoints" for the others.
A note about selecting items Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 472
The first two lines for the stator slot are (1) a straight line segment between points P3 and P4,and (2) an arc between P2 and P4.
Open the New Line dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
To open the New Line dialog, click the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Line, New from the menu:
Program Input
Geometry
Line
New
Create half of the first stator slot Add the first two lines of the stator slot
Chapter 4 73
The New Line dialog will open:
Add Line 1
Make sure the Geometric Definition tab is on top.
Then proceed as follows.
Program Input
Type of Line Segment defined by Starting and Ending Points
Points defining segment
Point
Starting Point 3
To enter the starting and ending points, you can either type the point number into the field inthe dialog, or select the point from the Graphics display.
Add the first two lines of the stator slot Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 474
New Line dialog
The following figure shows Point 4 being selected from the Graphics display:
To complete the first line, select Point 4 as the end point:
Program Input
Ending point 4
As soon as Point 4 is selected, you will see the line in the Graphics display, and the dialog willclose momentarily.
Create half of the first stator slot Add the first two lines of the stator slot
Chapter 4 75
Selecting the ending point (4) for the straight side of the stator slot
The following figure shows Line 1:
When the New Line dialog opens again, close it, because the next line you create must be an arc.
Add the first two lines of the stator slot Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 476
Closing New Line dialog (after adding Line 1)
Line 1, straight side of stator slot
Add Line 2, the curved bottom of the slot
Line 2 is an arc between points 2 and 4.
� Arcs must be created in a counterclockwise direction, so be sure to choose point
P2 first.
Click the icon again or choose Geometry, Line, New from the menu.
The New Line dialog with data for the arc Line(2) is shown in the following figure:
Create half of the first stator slot Add the first two lines of the stator slot
Chapter 4 77
Adding Line 2 (arc for bottom of stator slot)
Enter or verify the information as follows:
Program Input
Type of Line Arc defined by its radius,
Starting and Ending Points
System Coordinates ...the arcaround 2 ....
STATLOC
Arc radius ssbr
EXTREM_POINTS
Point
Starting point of the arc 2
Ending point of the arc 4
As soon as you select Point 4, you will see Line 2. Cancel the next line dialog when it appears:
Add the first two lines of the stator slot Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 478
Line 2
Label the lines with their reference numbers
Because you will need to select these lines, label them now. Choose Display, Display LineNumbers from the menu:
Program Input
Display
Display line numbers
You should see the lines labeled:
If you want to remove the line numbers, choose Display, Display line numbers.
In the next chapter, you will create the geometric transformation to make a mirror image of thehalf stator slot and thus complete the first stator slot.
Create half of the first stator slot Label the lines with their reference numbers
Chapter 4 79
Lines 1 and 2 labeled
Save your problem
If you wish, save your problem now. Click the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Save your problem Create half of the first stator slot
Chapter 480
Complete the first stator slot
In this chapter you will create and apply a geometric transformation to complete the first statorslot. Later you will duplicate the first slot to create the remaining stator slots for the model.
Geometric transformations are especially useful for a repetitive geometry, such as both the statorand rotor in this problem. A transformation can duplicate individual geometric features such aslines, points, or faces. In this chapter you will create a transformation to duplicate the upper halfof the first stator slot.
About transformations
Transformations are created in a way similar to parameters or coordinate systems. Atransformation is defined by the following:
1. name
2. comment
3. type of transformation (e.g., Affine Transformation with respect ... 2 points), and
4. elements defining the transformation, such as center of rotation, vector of translation, orangle of rotation.
As you may recall, the periodicities of the stator slots enable us to simplify the construction ofthe geometry. To complete the first stator slot, you will define a transformation to create amirror image of Lines 1 and 2, the upper half of the slot.
81
Chapter 5Add the SMIRROR transformation
To create a mirror image of the upper half of the stator slot, you must designate the line ofsymmetry between point P1, and the point in the middle of the slot, P2. This line will not bedrawn, but the two points must be selected as part of the affinity-line transformation.
Add the SMIRROR transformation Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 582
Points 1 and 2 designate the line of symmetry for the stator slot
The following figure shows Point 2 being selected to define the symmetry line:
Complete the first stator slot Add the SMIRROR transformation
Chapter 5 83
Point 2 selected to define line of symmetry
Open the New Transformation dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
To add the SMIRROR transformation, open the New Transformation dialog with the iconin the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Transformation, New from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Transformation
New
Add the SMIRROR transformation Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 584
The New Transformation dialog will open:
Add data for the SMIRROR transformation
In the New Transformation dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Name of Geometric
Transformation
SMIRROR
Comment mirror image of half statorslot
Type of GeometricTransformation
Affine Transformation withrespect to a line defined by 2points
Points for definition ofaffinity line
Point
First point of straight line 1
Second point of straight line 2
Complete the first stator slot Add the SMIRROR transformation
Chapter 5 85
New Transformation dialog (to add SMIRROR)
Program Input
Scaling factor (Example: -1 =line symmetry
-1
OK
When you click OK, the SMIRROR transformation will be added and the dialog will closemomentarily.
Remember, you will not see the line of symmetry on your screen.
When the New Transformation dialog opens again, close it
You can click the button or choose Cancel:
Program Input
Name of the GeometricTransformation (SMIRROR_1)
Cancel
Add the SMIRROR transformation Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 586
Closing the New Transformation dialog
Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR
To apply the SMIRROR transformation, you will need to select Lines 1 and 2 from yourgraphics screen. The following figure shows the lines:
Complete the first stator slot Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR
Chapter 5 87
Lines to be propagated with the SMIRROR transformation
Open the Propagate Lines dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
Open the Propagate Lines dialog with the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Propagate, Propagate Lines from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Propagate
Propagate Lines
Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 588
The Propagate Lines dialog will open:
Select the lines to propagate
If you select the lines from the screen, remember to hold down the Ctrl key to select both linesat the same time.
Complete the first stator slot Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR
Chapter 5 89
Propagate Lines dialog
The following figure shows Line 2 being selected:
Below is the dialog ready to complete the propagation:
Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 590
Propagate Lines dialog for second half of stator slot
Selecting Line 2 for propagation
Enter the following information:
Program Input
Lines to propagate
Lines
1 + Ctrl
2
Transformation for propagation SMIRROR
Number of times to apply thetransformation
1
OK
When you click OK, the lines will be added:
Complete the first stator slot Propagate Lines 1 and 2 with SMIRROR
Chapter 5 91
Second half of stator slot, Lines 3 and 4, created by propagation
The Propagate Lines dialog will reopen.
Close it with the button or Cancel.
Program Input
Lines Cancel
Add a line to close the slot
Add a line to close the outline of the stator slot by connecting points P5 and P3 in our example.(Point P1, you may recall, is used only to specify the line of symmetry.) The line that closes thestator slot outline is a small arc based on the inner diameter of the stator.
Remember, an arc must be entered in the counterclockwise direction, so be sure to select point P5first and then P3.
Add a line to close the slot Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 592
Closing the Propagate Lines dialog
Open the Add Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar
Open the Add Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
The New Line dialog will open.
Make sure the Geometric Definition tab is on top. Then enter the information as follows:
Program Input
Geometric Definition
Type of Line Arc defined by its Radius,Starting and Ending Points
Complete the first stator slot Add a line to close the slot
Chapter 5 93
New Line dialog: Line 5 to close the stator slot
Program Input
System Coordinates which orient the arc around a Z axis
STATLOC
Arc radius sid/2
EXTREM_POINTS
Point
Starting point of the arc 5
Ending point of the arc 3
As soon as you choose P3, the line will be added. You should see the complete outline of the firststator slot, as shown in the following figure.
Build the face of the first slot
Now that the outline of the slot is closed, the “face” of the slot can be generated. The facerepresents the surface of the structure and must be constructed in order to generate the mesh.Faces are generated automatically in Preflux.
Build the face of the first slot Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 594
Outline of first stator slot
Using the icon in the toolbar
To build the faces, click the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Face, Build Faces from the menu
Program Input
Geometry
Face
Build Faces
The program will immediately construct the face for the stator slot.
Complete the first stator slot Build the face of the first slot
Chapter 5 95
You will see the face of the slot as shown in the following figure:
The Console window will display a series of messages as the face is constructed; an examplefollows.
Build the face of the first slot Complete the first stator slot
Chapter 596
Text output in Console for building face of stator slot
First stator slot completed
Save your problem
Save your problem by clicking the icon in the toolbar, or by choosing Project, Save from themenu.
Program Input
Project
Save
Next you will begin the rotor geometry.
Complete the first stator slot Save your problem
Chapter 5 97
Begin the rotor geometry
You have already created the rotor parameters and coordinate systems. In this chapter you willcreate points and lines for the top half of the first rotor bar.
Add the first four points for the rotor bar
Because of the symmetry of the rotor bar, you can use a geometric transformation to create amirror image of half of the bar. Therefore, you will define points for only half of the rotor bargeometry.
Define four new points for the top half of the first rotor bar within the ROTLOC coordinatesystem. The table below shows the information needed to define these four points. Use the tableto enter this information, or follow through the detailed program sequence below.
Rotor bar points
Point Coordinate system X coordinate Y coordinate
P7 ROTLOC RBTOPR 0
P8 ROTLOC 0 RBTOPR
P9 ROTLOC RBTOPR+RBBOTR-RBHEIGHT
RBBOTR
P10 ROTLOC RBTOPR-RBHEIGHT 0
99
Chapter 6
Open the New Point dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
Open the New Point dialog again with the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Point, New from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Point
New
Add the first four points for the rotor bar Begin the rotor geometry
Chapter 6100
The New point dialog will open.
Make sure the Geometric Definition tab is on top. Then enter or verify the following:
Field Input
Geometric Definition
Type of the Point Point defined by its Parametric Coordinates
Coordinate system fordefinition
ROTLOC
Local coordinates
Formula or Value
First coordinate rbtopr
Second coordinate 0
OK
Point 7 will be added.
Begin the rotor geometry Add the first four points for the rotor bar
Chapter 6 101
Data for Point 7, first point of rotor bar
When the New point dialog opens again, continue to add Points 8, 9, and 10.
Program Input
0
rbtopr
OK
rbtopr+rbbotr-rbheight
rbbotr
OK
rbtopr-rbheight
0
OK
When the New point dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
New Point Cancel
Add the first four points for the rotor bar Begin the rotor geometry
Chapter 6102
You should see the four new points as shown in the following figure:
Begin the rotor geometry Add the first four points for the rotor bar
Chapter 6 103
Points for top half of rotor bar
Add the lines of the half rotor bar
Connect the upper left and upper right points of the rotor bar (points P8 and P9) with a straightline.
Add the straight side of the rotor bar
Open the New Line dialog with the icon or choose Geometry, Line, New from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Line
New
Add the lines of the half rotor bar Begin the rotor geometry
Chapter 6104
The New line dialog will open:
Make sure the Geometric Definition tab is on top. Then enter or verify the following.
Field Input
Geometric Definition
Type of Line Segment defined by Starting and Ending Points
Points defining segment
Point
Starting Point 9
Ending Point 8
Begin the rotor geometry Add the lines of the half rotor bar
Chapter 6 105
Adding Line 6
Click OK to create Line 6:
Because the next two lines to be added are arcs, close the New line dialog with the button, orclick Cancel.
Program Input
Starting Point Cancel
Add the lines of the half rotor bar Begin the rotor geometry
Chapter 6106
Closing New Line dialog (for line segments)
Line 6, straight side of first rotor bar
Add arcs for the curved top and bottom of the rotor bar
The second and third connecting lines for the rotor are arcs that form the curved top and bottom of the rotor bar.
� Remember that arcs must be formed in a counterclockwise direction. Be careful to
select the points in the proper order.
Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree
Open the New Line dialog again with the button, or right click Line in the Data Tree andthen choose New.
Program Input
Right click Line
New
Begin the rotor geometry Add the lines of the half rotor bar
Chapter 6 107
The New Line dialog will open:
Enter or verify the following:
Prompt Input
Geometric Definition
Type of Line Arc defined by its Radius,Starting and Ending Points
System Coordinates whichorients the arc around a Z axis
ROTLOC
Arc Radius rbbotr
EXTREM_POINTS
Point
Starting point of the arc 9
Ending point of the arc 10
As soon as you select Point 10, Line 7 will be created, and the New Line dialog will reopen.
Add the lines of the half rotor bar Begin the rotor geometry
Chapter 6108
Adding Line 7
The following figure shows point 8 being selected for Line 8.
In the New Line dialog, enter or verify the following for Line 8:
Prompt Input
Geometric Definition
System Coordinates whichorients the arc around a Z axis
ROTLOC
Arc Radius rbtopr
EXTREM_POINTS
Point
Starting point of the arc 7
Ending point of the arc 8
When the New Line dialog reopens, Cancel it.
Begin the rotor geometry Add the lines of the half rotor bar
Chapter 6 109
Adding Line 8
The following figure shows the top half of the rotor bar:
Add the lines of the half rotor bar Begin the rotor geometry
Chapter 6110
Top half of rotor bar
Save your problem
Before you continue, you may wish to save your work.
Click the icon or choose Project, Save from the menu.
Program Input
Project
Save
Begin the rotor geometry Save your problem
Chapter 6 111
Complete the first rotor bar
In this chapter you will create a transformation and apply it to complete the first rotor bar. For asymmetry transformation, as you may recall, you must designate the two points that define theline of symmetry. For the rotor bar, these points are P7 and P10, and these points are selectedwhen the RMIRROR transformation is defined. Remember, the line of symmetry will not bedrawn; it serves only as a reference for the transformation.
113
Chapter 7
Line of symmetry for the rotor bar, between points P7 and P10
Add the RMIRROR transformation
Open the New Transformation dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
To add the RMIRROR transformation, open the New Transformation dialog by clicking the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Transformation, New from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Transformation
New
Add the RMIRROR transformation Complete the first rotor bar
Chapter 7114
The New Transformation dialog will open:
Add the data for the RMIRROR transformation
In the New Transformation dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Name of the GeometricTransformation
RMIRROR
Comment mirror image of half rotor bar
Type of GeometricTransformation :
Affine Transformation withrespect to a line defined by 2Points
Points for definition ofaffinity line
Point
First point of straight line 10
Second point of straight line 7
Complete the first rotor bar Add the RMIRROR transformation
Chapter 7 115
Adding the RMIRROR transformation
Program Input
Scaling factor (Example: -1 =line symmetry)
-1
OK
When you click OK, the RMIRROR transformation will be added.
When the New Transformation dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Name of GeometricTransformation (RMIRROR_1)
Cancel
Add the RMIRROR transformation Complete the first rotor bar
Chapter 7116
Apply the RMIRROR transformation
Now apply the RMIRROR transformation with the Propagate command. You will need to selectthe three lines of the half bar to be duplicated using the transformation. You may select the linesin any order; our example shows the selection of the small arc on the left (L7), then the straightsegment (L6), and finally the right arc (L8).
The following figure shows the three lines of the top of the rotor bar.
Open the Propagate Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar
To propagate these lines, click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Complete the first rotor bar Apply the RMIRROR transformation
Chapter 7 117
Top half of rotor bar (lines to be propagated)
The Propagate Line dialog will open:
Apply the RMIRROR transformation Complete the first rotor bar
Chapter 7118
Propagating lines of the top half of the rotor bar
Select the lines and add the data for propagation
To select all three lines at the same time, remember to press and hold down the Ctrl key afteryou select the first line. The following figure shows the lines selected:
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Lines to propagate
Lines LINE
7 + Ctrl
6
8
Transformation for propagation RMIRROR
Number of times to apply thetransformation
1
OK
Complete the first rotor bar Apply the RMIRROR transformation
Chapter 7 119
Lines 6, 7, and 8 selected to propagate
When you click OK, you will see the new lines, as shown in the following figure:
When the Propagate Lines dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Lines to propagate
Lines Cancel
Apply the RMIRROR transformation Complete the first rotor bar
Chapter 7120
Outline of first rotor bar completed with RMIRROR transformation
Construct the face of the rotor bar
Now construct the face of the rotor bar.
Using the icon in the toolbar
To construct the face automatically, click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Face, Build Faces from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Face
Build Faces
Complete the first rotor bar Construct the face of the rotor bar
Chapter 7 121
You will see the rotor bar and stator slot, as shown in the following figure:
Save your problem
If you wish, save your problem now. Click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Save your problem Complete the first rotor bar
Chapter 7122
First rotor bar complete
Complete the stator and rotoroutlines
In this chapter you will create points and lines for the outer boundaries of the stator and rotor.
Add points for the stator’s outer boundary
Create the outer edges of the stator, beginning with a straight segment that connects the innerand outer boundaries of the stator. First you will create points and their connecting line for thestraight bottom edge of the outline, and then use a geometric transformation to create the otherstraight edge at the top of the model.
Data for points at bottom edge of stator
The following table shows the data for these points.
Point Coordinate System X coordinate Y coordinate
P13 STATMAIN sod/2 0
P14 STATMAIN sid/2 0
Open the New Point dialog with the icon in the toolbar
Open the New Point dialog with the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
123
Chapter 8The New Point dialog will open:
Add the data for the points
Make sure the Geometric Definition tab is on top. Then enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Geometric Definition
Type of the Point Point defined by its Parametric Coordinates
Coordinate System fordefinition
STATMAIN
Local coordinates
Formula or Value
First coordinate sod/2
Second coordinate 0
OK
Point 13 will be added.
Add points for the stator’s outer boundary Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8124
To add Point 13
When the New point dialog reopens, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Geometric Definition
Coordinate System fordefinition
STATMAIN
Local coordinates
Formula or Value
First coordinate sid/2
Second coordinate 0
OK
You should see the two new points:
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add points for the stator’s outer boundary
Chapter 8 125
Points for bottom edge of stator
Add the straight side of the stator’s outer boundary
Now you must connect these points.
Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree
To open the New Line dialog, click the button in the toolbar, or in the data tree, right clickLine and choose New.
Program Input
Right click Line
New
The New Line dialog will open.
Add the straight side of the stator’s outer boundary Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8126
Adding Line 12
Select the points to add Line 12
The following figure shows Point 13 being selected to complete Line 12.
In the New Line dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Geometric Definition
Type of Line Segment defined by Starting and Ending Points
Points defining segment
Point
Starting point 14
Ending Point 13
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add the straight side of the stator’s outer boundary
Chapter 8 127
Adding Line 12 (bottom edge of stator)
As soon as you choose point 13, Line 12 will be created:
When the New Line dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Starting Point Cancel
Add a transformation for the stator and rotor sides
Add a transformation to duplicate the straight sides of the stator and the rotor.
Open the New Transformation dialog with the icon in the toolbar
Open the New Transformation dialog with the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Add a transformation for the stator and rotor sides Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8128
Line 12 (stator’s bottom edge)
The New Transformation dialog will open:
Add the data for the SIDES transformation
In the New Transformation dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Name of GeometricTransformation
SIDES
Comment duplicate stator and rotorsides
Type of GeometricTransformation
Rotation defined by Angles andpivot point coordinates
Coordinate System fordefinition :
STATMAIN
Coordinates of the pivot point
Formula or Value
1st coordinate 0
2nd coordinate 0
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add a transformation for the stator and rotor sides
Chapter 8 129
Adding the SIDES transformation
Program Input
Rotation Angle about Z axis(Angle Unit of Coordinate System
90
OK
When you click OK, the SIDES transformation will be added.
When the New Transformation dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Name of GeometricTransformation (SIDES_1)
Cancel
Apply the SIDES transformation
Use the SIDES transformation to create the upper straight side of the stator. You will need toselect Line 12:
Apply the SIDES transformation Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8130
Line 12
Open the Propagate Lines dialog with the icon in the toolbar
Open the Propagate Lines dialog with the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
The Propagate Line dialog will open.
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Apply the SIDES transformation
Chapter 8 131
Propagating Line 12 (straight side of stator)
Select Line 12 to propagate
The following figure shows Line 12 being selected.
Enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Lines to propagate
Lines
12
Transformation for propagations SIDES
Number of times to apply thetransformation
1
OK
Apply the SIDES transformation Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8132
Selecting Line 12 to propagate
When you click OK, Line 13 will be added. You may need to click the "Zoom all" button tosee Line 13:
Close the Propagate Line dialog.
Program Input
Lines to propagate
Line Cancel
Add the stator’s outer boundary
Now connect points 13 and 16 to create the outer arc of the stator.
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add the stator’s outer boundary
Chapter 8 133
Line 13 (created by propagation)
Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree
Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree. Right click Line and choose New.
Program Input
Right click Line
New
The New Line dialog will open.
Add the stator’s outer boundary Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8134
Adding Line 14
Add the data for Line 14
The following figure shows P16 being selected for Line 14.
In the New Line dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Geometric Definition
Type of Line Arc defined by its Radius,Starting and Ending Points
System Coordinates which orient the arc around a Z axis
STATMAIN
Arc Radius sod/2
Starting point of the arc 13
Ending point of the arc 16
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add the stator’s outer boundary
Chapter 8 135
Adding Line 14
As soon as you select Point 16, you will see Line 14:
When the New Line dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Starting point of the arc Cancel
Add the stator’s outer boundary Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8136
Line 14 (stator’s outer boundary)
Add points for the straight side of the rotor
Now you will add points for the straight side of the rotor.
Data for points at bottom edge of rotor
The following table includes the data for these new points.
Point Coordinate System X coordinate Y coordinate
P17 ROTMAIN rod/2 0
P18 ROTMAIN rid/2 0
Open the New Point dialog from the data tree
In the Data Tree, right click Point and choose New.
Program Input
Right click Point
New
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add points for the straight side of the rotor
Chapter 8 137
The New Point dialog will open:
Add the data for the points
In the New Point dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Geometric Definition
Type of the Point Point defined by its Parametric Coordinates
Coordinate System fordefinition
ROTMAIN
Local coordinates
Formula or Value
First coordinate rod/2
Second coordinate 0
OK
Add points for the straight side of the rotor Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8138
Data for Point 17, of the rotor's lower straight side
Click OK to add Point 17. The New Point dialog will reopen.
Enter the following for Point 18:
Program Input
Geometric Definition
Coordinate System fordefinition
ROTMAIN
Local coordinates
Formula or Value
First coordinate rid/2
Second coordinate 0
OK
Click OK to add Point 18. When the New Point dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
First coordinate Cancel
You will use these points (P17 and P18) to construct the line for the lower side of the rotor.
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add points for the straight side of the rotor
Chapter 8 139
Data for Point 18, of the rotor's lower straight side
Add the line for the rotor side with point numbers
The point P17 is very close to point P14 at the inner edge of the stator, and thus it may bedifficult to distinguish on the screen, even when enlarged.
Instead of enlarging the display two or three times to select Points 17 and 18 from the screen,however, you can create the line by entering the point numbers with the keyboard.
Add the line for the rotor side with point numbers Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8140
Points 18 and 17
Open the New Line dialog from the Data Tree
To open the New Line dialog, in the Data Tree, right click Line and choose New.
Program Input
Right click Line
New
The New Line dialog will open:
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add the line for the rotor side with point numbers
Chapter 8 141
To add Line 15, the lower straight side of the rotor
Enter the points for Line 15
In the New Line dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Geometric Definition
Type of Line Segment defined by Starting and Ending Points
Points defining segment
Points
Starting point 17
Ending point 18
Click OK to add Line 15. The following figure shows Line 15 (enlarged).
Add the line for the rotor side with point numbers Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8142
Line for the lower rotor side (Line 15)
Extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation
Now extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation, which will create the opposite side line aswell as the inner and outer diameters of the rotor.
Open the Extrude Lines dialog
In the Data Tree, right click Line and choose Extrude Lines.
Program Input
Right click Line
Extrude Lines
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation
Chapter 8 143
The Extrude Lines dialog will open:
Extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8144
Extrude Line 15 (rotor's lower edge)
Select Line 15 to extrude
The following figure shows Line 15 selected for extrusion.
In the Extrude Lines dialog, enter or verify the following:
Prompt Input
Lines 15
Transformation for extrusion SIDES
Number of times to apply thetransformation
1
Extrusion type Standard
Building options for extrusion Add only Lines and Points
OK
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation
Chapter 8 145
Selecting Line 15 to extrude
When you click OK, you will see Lines 16, 17 & 18.
When the Extrude dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Extrude Lines Cancel
Extrude Line 15 with the SIDES transformation Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8146
Lines 16, 17 & 18 (rotor’s upper side & rotor inner and outer diameters)
Add the first section of the stator’s inner boundary
Finally, create the first section of the stator’s inner boundary. The stator slot openings lie alongthis inner boundary, and it also defines the outer edge of the airgap. You will create an arc ofcircle between the stator’s straight lower boundary and the first stator slot (points P14 and P5, in our example). Later you will duplicate this small arc to produce the stator’s inner boundary.
Enlarge the area around the first stator slot so that you can select the points from the screen.
� Remember, an arc of circle must be defined in the counterclockwise direction, so
be sure to choose point P14 first.
Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar
Open the New Line dialog with the button.
Program Input
click
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add the first section of the stator’s inner boundary
Chapter 8 147
First stator slot and lower boundary
The New Line dialog will open.
Enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Geometric Definition
Type of Line Arc defined by its Radius,Starting and Ending Points
System Coordinates which orient the arc around a Z axis
STATMAIN
Arc Radius sid/2
Points defining the arc
Starting point of the arc 14
Ending point of the arc 5
Add the first section of the stator’s inner boundary Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8148
To add Line 19 (first section of stator's inner boundary)
As soon as you choose Point 5, you should see the small arc between the stator boundary and thefirst slot, forming the bottom section of the airgap:
When the New Line dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Starting point of the arc Cancel
Complete the stator and rotor outlines Add the first section of the stator’s inner boundary
Chapter 8 149
First section of airgap between stator and rotor (Line 19)
Save your work
Now is a good time to save your problem and take a break if you wish. Click the button orchoose Project, Save from the menu.
Program Input
Project
Save
Next you will create custom mesh points for the stator slot and rotor bar. Then you canduplicate both the face and the mesh together to complete the geometry.
Save your work Complete the stator and rotor outlines
Chapter 8150
Control the mesh density:Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Mesh elements are created by the automatic mesh generator in Preflux 9.2, and the default meshis usually satisfactory in terms of quality, accuracy and size (number of nodes). However,because the automatic mesh generator is controlled by predefined mesh weights, it may not beappropriate in every case.
You can adjust or control the density of the mesh through custom mesh points and mesh lines.In this chapter you will create custom mesh points and a mesh line and apply them to points onthe stator slot and rotor bar.
Preflux 9.2 includes a feature with which you can propagate a face and its mesh at the same time.We will take advantage of this feature to duplicate the stator slots and rotor bars.
Notes about this mesh
For this problem, a fine mesh is required only around the airgap, especially in these three areas:
� The top of the rotor bars (next to the airgap). Due to the skin effect, the current through the rotor bars is concentrated at the top of the bars.
� The stator teeth. The teeth present a possible region of saturation due to the high fluxdensity in the area.
� The airgap itself. A fine mesh in and around the airgap will produce higher accuracy on theforce computation.
151
Chapter 9Mesh requirements in the airgap
A single layer of elements is required in the airgap. In other words, for triangular elements, oneside of each triangle must lie on one of the boundaries of the airgap.
The following figure (enlarged) shows a single layer of elements in the airgap. The airgap is thenarrow column in the center. Notice how the triangular elements are placed to form the singlelayer.
Change to the Mesh context
The Mesh commands are available only in the Mesh context. The following figure shows theMesh context button selected.
Above the Data Tree, click the button to change to the Mesh context.
Program Input
click
Mesh requirements in the airgap Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9152
Airgap with single layer of elements
The Mesh context screen is shown below:
Note that in the figure above, the two faces are not displayed.
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Change to the Mesh context
Chapter 9 153
Project window: Mesh context
Displaying only the points and lines may make it easier for you to select points and lines whenyou assign the Mesh_Points and Mesh_Line you have created.
To hide the faces, click the icon in the toolbar, or choose Display, Display Faces from themenu.
Program Input
Display
Display faces
You can change the display at any time.
Mesh context toolbars
The Mesh context includes some of the same icons and commands as the Geometry context.Most of the Display and Select icons are the same, and you can add parameters andtransformations in the Mesh context.
The following figures show the Mesh toolbar icons:
Mesh context toolbars Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9154
Mesh toolbar icons: New-Assign–Check
Mesh toolbar icons: Display–Select
The following figures identify the Mesh toolbar icons:
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Mesh context toolbars
Chapter 9 155
Add the mesh points
You can specify mesh density through either the Mesh_Points or Mesh_Lines options. For thisproblem, we use mesh points and one mesh line, around the narrow bottom of the rotor bar.With mesh points, Preflux 9.2 automatically adjusts the distribution of nodes between twogeometric points. With mesh lines, a geometric line is divided into a prescribed number ofsegments, and nodes are placed at the ends of the line segments.
You will create 5 custom mesh points (weight values). Preflux 9.2 has default mesh pointsnamed Large, Medium and Small already defined, and you could modify these and apply them.However, creating additional mesh points provides better control over the mesh density acrossthe geometry.
The following table shows the information to define the 5 custom mesh points.
Custom mesh points
Name Comment Value (mm) Color
MRTOP Rotor bar top 0.8 Turquoise
MSBOT Stator slot bottom 2 Turquoise
MAIRGAP Moving airgap 0.4 Yellow
MSOD Stator’s outer diameter 7 Cyan
MRID Rotor’s inner diameter 6 Cyan
The following figure shows the location of the mesh points for the stator slot, the rotor bar, andthe airgap.
There are two additional points assigned to the MAIRGAP mesh point, as shown on page 170.
Add the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9156
Mesh points for rotor bar, airgap, and stator slot
Open the New Mesh Point dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
Open the New Mesh Point dialog with the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Mesh, Mesh Point, New from the menu.
Program Input
Mesh
Mesh point
New
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Add the mesh points
Chapter 9 157
The New Mesh Point dialog will open:
Add the data for the first mesh point (MRTOP)
In the New Mesh Point dialog, enter or verify the following:
Prompt Input
Name of the Mesh Point MRTOP
Comment top of rotor bar
Appearance
Mesh Point Color Turquoise
Add the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9158
Selecting the color of the MRTOP mesh point
Now click the Definition tab; the dialog should look like the one shown in the following figure:
Continue as follows:
Program Input
Definition
Associated Length Unit MILLIMETER
Value of the Mesh Point (Length of elements)
0.8
OK
When you click OK, the MRTOP mesh point will be added. The Console will show theconfirmation message:
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Add the mesh points
Chapter 9 159
MRTOP mesh point added
Setting the value of the MRTOP mesh point
Add the other mesh points
When the New Mesh Point dialog reopens, continue to add the other mesh points as follows.
Program Input
MSBOT
bottom of stator slot
Appearance
Turquoise
Definition
2
OK
MAIRGAP
moving airgap
Appearance
Yellow
Add the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9160
Program Input
Definition
0.4
OK
MSOD
outer diameter of stator
Appearance
Cyan
Definition
7
OK
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Add the mesh points
Chapter 9 161
Program Input
MRID
inner diameter of rotor
Appearance
Cyan
Definition
6
OK
The New Mesh Point dialog will reopen.
Add the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9162
Closing New Mesh Point dialog
Close the dialog with the button or Cancel.
Program Input
Name of the Mesh Point (MRID_1) Cancel
Assign the mesh points
Now you will assign the mesh points to the geometry. Remember you can use the Zoom regionbutton to enlarge your display. Clicking the Zoom all button will display the wholemodel.
Points for the MSBOT mesh point
First, assign the MSBOT mesh point to the points at the bottom of the stator slot. The followingfigure shows the points you will need to select.
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Assign the mesh points
Chapter 9 163
Points to select for MSBOT mesh point
Open the Assign Mesh Point dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
Open the Assign Mesh Point dialog with the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Mesh, Assign mesh information, Assign Mesh Point to Points from themenu.
Program Input
Mesh
Assign mesh information
Assign Mesh Point to Points
Assign the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9164
The Assign Mesh Point to Points dialog will open.
You can type the point numbers in the fields or select the points from the Graphics display.
� To select more than one point at a time from the Graphics display, press and hold
down the Control key (Ctrl) while you select the first point.
Select the points and assign the MSBOT mesh point
Enter or verify the following:
Program Input
List of Points
Points
4 + Ctrl
2
6
Mesh point to assign to Points MSBOT
OK
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Assign the mesh points
Chapter 9 165
Assigning the MSBOT mesh point to the bottom of the first stator slot
You will see the 3 points with a turquoise color on your screen:
Assign the MRTOP mesh point
The following figure shows the points to select for the MRTOP mesh point.
Assign the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9166
Points to select for MRTOP mesh point
MSBOT mesh points assigned
The Assign mesh point dialog should be open.
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
List of Points
Points
8 + Ctrl
12
Mesh point to assign to Points MRTOP
OK
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Assign the mesh points
Chapter 9 167
Assigning MRTOP mesh point
You will see the MRTOP mesh points marked as shown below.
Assign the MAIRGAP mesh point
The following figure shows the lower points to select for the MAIRGAP mesh point.
Assign the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9168
Points to select for MAIRGAP mesh point (bottom edge)
MRTOP mesh points assigned
The New Mesh Point dialog should still be open.
Remember to hold down the Ctrl key to select multiple points from the screen.
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
List of Points
Points
3 + Ctrl
7
1
5
14
17
Mesh point to assign to Points MAIRGAP
OK
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Assign the mesh points
Chapter 9 169
Assigning lower points to MAIRGAP mesh point
The points will be colored yellow:
Two additional points at the top of the geometry should also be assigned to the MAIRGAP meshpoint. The following figure shows these points:
Assign the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9170
Points to select for MAIRGAP mesh point (at top of geometry)
Points assigned to MAIRGAP mesh point
Enlarge the area around these points with the button.
Program Input
click
The Assign mesh point dialog should be open.
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
List of Points
Points
15 + Ctrl
19
Mesh point to assign to Points MAIRGAP
OK
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Assign the mesh points
Chapter 9 171
Assigning remaining points to MAIRGAP mesh point
These points will also be colored yellow.
Now click the button to display the whole model.
Program Input
click
Assign the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9172
Points 15 and 19 assigned to MAIRGAP mesh point
Assign the MSOD mesh point
The following figure shows the points to select for the MSOD mesh point.
The Assign mesh point dialog should still be open:
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Assign the mesh points
Chapter 9 173
Assigning points to MSOD mesh point
Points to select for MSOD mesh point
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
List of Points
Points
13 + Ctrl
16
Mesh point to assign to Points MSOD
OK
The points will be colored blue.
Assign the MRID mesh point
Finally, assign the MRID mesh point. The following figure shows the points to select:
Assign the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9174
Points to select for MRID mesh point
The Assign mesh point dialog should still be open:
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
List of Points
Points
20 + Ctrl
18
Mesh point to assign to Points MRID
OK
These points will also be colored blue.
When the Assign mesh point dialog opens again, close it.
Program Input
List of Points
Points
Cancel
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Assign the mesh points
Chapter 9 175
Assigning the MRID mesh point
You should see the mesh points displayed as shown below:
Assign the mesh points Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9176
Mesh points assigned
Add a Mesh Line
Now add a Mesh Line to control the mesh density around the bottom of the rotor bar. ThisMesh Line will be Arithmetic (meaning the segments are equal divisions) with a value of 2.
Adding a Mesh Line is very similar to adding a Mesh Point. Each Mesh Line is assigned a name, acomment (if you wish), a color, a type and a value.
Open the Add Mesh Line dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
To open the Add Mesh Line dialog, click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Mesh, Mesh Line, New from the menu.
Program Input
Mesh
Mesh line
New
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Add a Mesh Line
Chapter 9 177
The Add Mesh Line dialog will open.
Add the data for the MLRBOT mesh line
In the Mesh Line dialog, enter or verify the following.
Program Input
Name of the Mesh Line MLRBOT
Comment bottom of rotor bar
Appearance
Mesh Line Color Red
Add a Mesh Line Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9178
Adding the MLRBOT mesh line
Now click the Definition tab.
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Definition
Type of the Mesh Line Arithmetic
Number of segments (of elements)
2
OK
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Add a Mesh Line
Chapter 9 179
Adding the type and value for the MLRBOT mesh line
Assign MLRBOT to the rotor bar bottom
Now assign the MLRBOT mesh line to the lines at the bottom of the rotor bar (these are Line#7 and Line #9 in our example).
The following figure shows the lines to select for the MLRBOT mesh line.
Open the Assign Mesh Line dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
Open the Assign Mesh Line dialog with the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Assign MLRBOT to the rotor bar bottom Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9180
Lines to select for MLRBOT mesh line
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Mesh, Assign mesh information, Assign Mesh Line to Lines from themenu.
Program Input
Mesh
Assign mesh information
Assign Mesh Line toLines
The Assign Mesh Line dialog will open.
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Assign MLRBOT to the rotor bar bottom
Chapter 9 181
Assigning MLRBOT mesh line
Select the lines and assign the MLRBOT mesh line
Select the two lines at the bottom of the rotor bar and assign them to MLRBOT. Remember tohold down the Ctrl key to select multiple lines from the screen. Proceed as follows:
Program Input
List of Lines
Lines
7 + Ctrl
9
Mesh Line to assign to Lines MLRBOT
OK
When you click ok, the lines will be colored red, as shown in the following figure.
Assign MLRBOT to the rotor bar bottom Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line
Chapter 9182
Lines 7 and 9 assigned to MLRBOT mesh line
When the Assign dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
List of Lines
Lines Cancel
Next you will complete the geometry using transformations to duplicate the stator slot and rotorbar. The mesh point information for the slot and bar will also be duplicated.
To access the geometric tools, return to the Geometry Context. Above the Data Tree, click the button to change to the Geometry context.
Program Input
click
Control the mesh density: Mesh_Point and Mesh_Line Assign MLRBOT to the rotor bar bottom
Chapter 9 183
Closing Assign Mesh Line dialog
Complete the geometry
Now you will create transformations to duplicate the stator slot and the rotor bar. You will seehow quickly most of the geometry can be completed. You will also create the stator’s inneroutline with a transformation. Finally, you will add small lines to close the airgap.
Add a transformation to duplicate the stator slot
First add a transformation to duplicate the entire stator slot.
Open the New Transformation dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
Open the New Transformation dialog with the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
185
Chapter 10
Using the Data Tree
If you prefer, use the Data Tree. Right click on Transformation and choose New
Program Input
Right click Transformation
New
The New Transformation dialog will open:
Add a transformation to duplicate the stator slot Complete the geometry
Chapter 10186
To add SDUPLI transformation
Add the data for the SDUPLI transformation
In the New Transformation dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Name of GeometricTransformation
SDUPLI
Comment duplicate stator slots
Type of Geometric Transformation
Rotation defined by Angles andpivot point coordinates
Coordinate System fordefinition
STATWORK
Coordinates of the pivot point
Formula or Value
1st coordinate 0
2nd coordinate 0
Rotation Angle about Z axis(Angle Unit of CoordinateSystem)
10
OK
Complete the geometry Add a transformation to duplicate the stator slot
Chapter 10 187
When the New transformation dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Name of GeometricTransformation (SDUPLI_1)
Cancel
Use SDUPLI to create the other slots
Now use the SDUPLI transformation to create duplicates of the first stator slot and place themin the proper positions along the inner outline of the stator. You will be duplicating both theentire face (lines and points) and the mesh information of the original stator slot.
You may wish to display the full geometry so that you can watch the slots being duplicated. If so,click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Use SDUPLI to create the other slots Complete the geometry
Chapter 10188
Closing New Transformation dialog
Also, make sure the stator slot and rotor bar faces are displayed, as shown in the following figure.
Click the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Complete the geometry Use SDUPLI to create the other slots
Chapter 10 189
Bar and slot faces displayed
Open the Propagate Faces dialog
Using the icon in the toolbar
Open the Propagate Faces dialog with the button :
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Face, Propagate Faces from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Face
Propagate Faces
Use SDUPLI to create the other slots Complete the geometry
Chapter 10190
The Propagate faces dialog will open:
Complete the geometry Use SDUPLI to create the other slots
Chapter 10 191
To duplicate the first stator slot
Enter the data for the propagation
You will need to select the slot face (Face number 1) from the screen or type the number of theslot face (1, in our example) into the field in the dialog.
Program Input
Faces to propagate
Faces
1
The following figure shows the slot face being selected from the screen.
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Transformation for propagation SDUPLI
Number of times to apply thetransformation
8
Use SDUPLI to create the other slots Complete the geometry
Chapter 10192
Selecting the slot face for propagation
Program Input
Building options for propagation
Add faces and associated Linked Mesh Generator
OK
As soon as you click ok, the other slots will be generated.
The following figure shows all nine stator slots.
Complete the geometry Use SDUPLI to create the other slots
Chapter 10 193
Stator slots added through propagation with SDUPLI transformation
When the Propagate faces dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Faces to propagate
Faces Cancel
Use SDUPLI to create the other slots Complete the geometry
Chapter 10194
Closing the Propagate Faces dialog
Add lines for the stator’s inner boundary
Next you will create another section of the stator’s inner boundary, between the first and secondslots, and duplicate this line with the SDUPLI transformation.
Enlarge the first and second slots, as shown in the following figure:
Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar
To open the New line dialog click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Complete the geometry Add lines for the stator’s inner boundary
Chapter 10 195
Points to select for new section of stator's inner boundary
The New Line dialog will open:
Enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Geometric Definition
Type of Line Arc defined by its Radius,Starting and Ending Points
System Coordinates which orient the line around a Z axis
STATMAIN
Arc Radius SID/2
EXTREM_POINTS
Point
Starting point of arc 3
Ending point of arc 25
Add lines for the stator’s inner boundary Complete the geometry
Chapter 10196
Adding Line 60 (stator's inner boundary)
As soon as you choose Point 25, you will see the line on your screen:
When the New line dialog opens again, close it.
Program Input
Starting point of the arc Cancel
Complete the geometry Add lines for the stator’s inner boundary
Chapter 10 197
Line 60 (stator’s inner boundary)
Add other sections of the stator’s inner boundary
Now you will duplicate this line, also with the SDUPLI transformation.
Open the Propagate Lines dialog
Open the Propagate Lines dialog with the button in the toolbar or by choosing Geometry,Propagate, Propagate Lines from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Propagate
Propagate Lines
The Propagate lines dialog will open:
Add other sections of the stator’s inner boundary Complete the geometry
Chapter 10198
Propagating Line 60 (stator's inner boundary)
Select the line and complete the propagation
The following figure shows the line selected for propagation.
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Lines to propagate
Lines
60
Transformation for propagation SDUPLI
Number of times to apply thetransformation
7
OK
As soon as you choose ok, the lines will be added.
Complete the geometry Add other sections of the stator’s inner boundary
Chapter 10 199
Selecting Line 60 for propagation
The following figure shows an enlargement of the new sections of the stator’s inner boundary:
When the Propagate lines dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Lines to propagate
Lines Cancel
Add other sections of the stator’s inner boundary Complete the geometry
Chapter 10200
Propagated lines of the stator’s inner boundary
Close the top of the stator’s inner boundary
Finally, connect the last stator slot and the upper edge of the stator. Enlarge the area around thelast stator slot:
Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar
Open the New Line dialog with the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Complete the geometry Close the top of the stator’s inner boundary
Chapter 10 201
Points to select to close stator’s inner boundary
The New Line dialog will open.
Add the data for the line
In the New Line dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Geometric Definition
Type of Line Arc defined by its Radius,Starting and Ending Points
System Coordinates which orient the line around a Z axis
STATMAIN
Arc Radius SID/2
EXTREM_POINTS
Point
Starting point of arc 56
Ending point of arc 15
Close the top of the stator’s inner boundary Complete the geometry
Chapter 10202
Adding Line 68 to close stator's inner boundary
As soon as you choose Point 15, you should see Line 68:
When the New Line dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Starting point of the arc Cancel
The stator outline is now complete.
We note here that geometric transformations are not required. If you wished, the entire statorcould have been constructed by defining the coordinates of every point and entering all the linesindividually. However, as you have seen, transformations speed up the creation of the geometry,especially for geometries made up of duplicate parts, such as both the stator and the rotor in thisexample.
Next you will complete the rotor geometry, in much the same way.
Complete the geometry Close the top of the stator’s inner boundary
Chapter 10 203
Line 68 (last section of stator’s inner boundary)
Add a transformation to duplicate the rotor bar
Add a transformation to duplicate the rotor bar.
Open the New Transformation dialog
Open the New Transformation dialog with the button or by choosing Geometry,Transformation, New from the menu.
Program Input
Geometry
Transformation
New
Add a transformation to duplicate the rotor bar Complete the geometry
Chapter 10204
Program Input
Complete the geometry Add a transformation to duplicate the rotor bar
Program Input
Rotation Angle about Z axis(Angle Unit of CoordinateSystem)
90/7
OK
The Console will show the confirmation message for the RDUPLI transformation:
When the New Transformation dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Name of GeometricTransformation (RDUPLI_1)
Cancel
You may want to display the full geometry so that you can watch the rotor bars being duplicated.Use the button to show the full geometry.
Program Input
click
Add a transformation to duplicate the rotor bar Complete the geometry
Chapter 10206
Confirmation message for RDUPLI transformation
Use RDUPLI to duplicate the rotor bar
Now apply the RDUPLI transformation to duplicate the rotor bar a total of 6 times, and therotor geometry will be almost finished.
Open the Propagate Faces dialog with the icon in the toolbar
Open the Propagate Faces dialog with the button:
Program Input
click
Complete the geometry Use RDUPLI to duplicate the rotor bar
Chapter 10 207
The Propagate Faces dialog will open:
Select the bar face
You will need to select the bar face from the screen or enter the face number (2, in our example)in the dialog.
Program Input
Faces to propagate
Faces
2
Use RDUPLI to duplicate the rotor bar Complete the geometry
Chapter 10208
To propagate the first rotor bar
The following figure shows the bar face being selected.
Add the data to complete the propagation
Complete the propagation as follows:
Program Input
Transformation for propagation RDUPLI
Number of times to apply thetransformation
6
Building options forpropagation
Add faces and associated Linked Mesh Generator
OK
Complete the geometry Use RDUPLI to duplicate the rotor bar
Chapter 10 209
Selecting the face of the rotor bar for duplication
Use RDUPLI to duplicate the rotor bar Complete the geometry
As soon as you click ok, you will see the 6 new rotor bars:
When the Propagate Faces dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Faces to propagate
Faces
Cancel
Only two more lines are needed to complete the geometry.
Chapter 10210
Rotor bars produced with RDUPLI
Close the airgap
To complete the model, you must close the airgap by creating two very small lines, betweenpoints P17 and 14, and between points P15 and P19.
Add the line at the bottom of the model first.
Enlarge the area below the first bar and slot, as shown here:
Open the New Line dialog with the icon
Open the New Line dialog with the button:
Program Input
click
Complete the geometry Close the airgap
Chapter 10 211
Points to select to close the airgap at the bottom of the model
The New Line dialog will open:
Add the line at the bottom of the model
In the New Line dialog, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Geometric Definition
Type of Line Segment defined by Starting and Ending Points
Points defining segment
Point
Starting point 17
Ending point 14
Close the airgap Complete the geometry
Chapter 10212
Adding Line 105
As soon as you choose Point 14, you will see Line 105:
Complete the geometry Close the airgap
Chapter 10 213
Line 105, closing the lower edge of the airgap
Add the line at the top of the model
Now enlarge the area at the top of the model to add the last line:
The New Line dialog should still be open:
Close the airgap Complete the geometry
Chapter 10214
Adding last line to close top of airgap
Points to select for Line 106, the last line to close the airgap at the top of the model
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Starting Point 15
Ending Point 19
As soon as you choose Point P19, you will see Line 106:
When the New Line dialog reopens, close it.
Program Input
Starting Point Cancel
Complete the geometry Close the airgap
Chapter 10 215
Line 106 closing the top of the airgap
Construct the remaining faces for the geometry
With the airgap "closed," you can now construct the remaining faces for the geometry.
Using the icon in the toolbar
To construct the faces, click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Geometry, Face, Build Faces from the menu:
Program Input
Geometry
Face
Build Faces
Construct the remaining faces for the geometry Complete the geometry
Chapter 10216
The following figure shows all 19 faces of the complete model geometry:
The Console window confirms the creation of the final 3 faces:
Be sure that you see that 19 faces have been created in all.
Complete the geometry Construct the remaining faces for the geometry
Chapter 10 217
Confirmation: 19 faces created
Complete model geometry created in Preflux 9.2
Save your problem
Before you continue, you may want to save your problem. If so, click the button in thetoolbar.
Program Input
click
Save your problem Complete the geometry
Chapter 10218
Generate, verify and save the mesh
In this chapter you will complete the mesh for the geometry. The Preflux automatic meshgenerator creates the nodes and surface elements, constructs 2nd order elements, and verifies themesh.
Change to the Mesh context
Change to the Mesh command menu by choosing the Mesh context button (located directlyabove the data tree):
Program Input
click
219
Chapter 11
Mesh context screen is shown in the following figure:
Change to the Mesh context Generate, verify and save the mesh
Chapter 11220
Mesh context
Generate the mesh
Mesh the Lines
The mesh is generated first on the lines, then on the faces.
Using the icon in the toolbar
To mesh the lines, click the button in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Mesh, Mesh, Mesh Lines from the menu:
Program Input
Mesh
Mesh
Mesh Lines
Generate, verify and save the mesh Generate the mesh
Chapter 11 221
In your graphics display, you should see many more points displayed in the graphics window.These are the nodes on the lines.
Mesh the Faces
Now mesh the faces.
Using the icon in the toolbar
Click the button in the toolbar:
Program Input
click
Generate the mesh Generate, verify and save the mesh
Chapter 11222
Output from Mesh_lines
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose Mesh, Mesh, Mesh Faces from the menu:
Program Input
Mesh
Mesh
Mesh Faces
It may take several seconds for the program to generate the mesh. The following figure showsboth nodes and surface elements:
Generate, verify and save the mesh Generate the mesh
Chapter 11 223
Mesh nodes and surface elements
As soon as the 2nd order elements have been generated, Preflux automatically verifies the qualityof the mesh. In the Console window you will see the results of the verification:
If you want to see the mesh elements more clearly, turn off the display of the nodes by clickingthe button:
Program Input
click
Generate the mesh Generate, verify and save the mesh
Chapter 11224
Mesh verification
Your display should resemble the following:
Save the mesh
To save this mesh, click the button in the toolbar:
Program Input
click
Generate, verify and save the mesh Save the mesh
Chapter 11 225
Mesh (surface elements only)
Close the project
To close the project, choose Project, Close from the menu
Program Input
Project
Close
Close the project Generate, verify and save the mesh
Chapter 11226
You will return to the main Preflux window.
Generate, verify and save the mesh Close the project
Chapter 11 227
Ready to close Preflux 2D
Close Preflux 2D
Close Preflux 2D now by choosing Project, Exit from the menu. We will be returning here aftercreating the materials and circuit for the problem. Upon our return, we will use the newcapabilities of Flux 9 to define the physical model.
Program Input
Project
Exit
Close Preflux 2D Generate, verify and save the mesh
Chapter 11228
You will return to the Flux Supervisor.
Generate, verify and save the mesh Close Preflux 2D
Chapter 11 229
Flux Supervisor
Enter the materials
This chapter describes how to enter new materials and properties and modify existing ones. Themodel involves three materials: iron, aluminum, and air. You will create material models for theiron (as a nonlinear steel), and aluminum . The air material is modeled as a vacuum.
For this problem you will model the aluminum with linear material properties using constantvalues for the conductivity and relative permeability. It is not necessary to enter other propertiesof these materials, such as the thermal properties, since Flux2D takes into account only theproperties relevant to the analysis (magnetodynamic formulation).
231
Chapter 12Open the materials database (CSLMAT)
To define the three materials, in the Flux Supervisor, in the Construction folder, double clickMaterials database.
Program Input
Double click Materials database
Open the materials database (CSLMAT) Enter the materials
Chapter 12232
Opening the materials database (CSLMAT)
CSLMAT will open:
Create the iron material (nonlinear steel)
A material is defined by a name, a comment, and at least one property. The name of the materialmay have a maximum of 20 characters and must start with a letter. The comment is limited to 40characters. Comments are optional, but they may be useful as a reference.
From the CSLMAT menu, select:
Program Input
Selected command 1 Add
Selected command 1 Material
Name of the material : iron
Comment nonlinear steel
Enter the materials Create the iron material (nonlinear steel)
Chapter 12 233
CSLMAT (materials database) menu
Program Input
To register, define at leastone property
Please select the property 1 iso MU
Select a model 9 scalar spline
Your screen should resemble the following figure:
You will now enter the initial points to define the scalar spline curve. The magnetic field, H, isentered in A/m, and the magnetic flux density, B, is entered in Tesla.
Table 1 (below) includes the values you should enter to define the points. If necessary, you canmake corrections after the last point has been entered.
Chapter 12
Create the iron material (nonlinear steel) Enter the materials
234
Selecting the scalar spline model for the iron material (nonlinear steel)
Table 1. Points for B-H curve
Point number H (A/m) B (Tesla)
1 0.00 0.00
2 129.50 0.50
3 243.25 1.10
4 1850.00 1.60
5 3700.00 1.70
6 9900.00 1.85
7 22100.00 2.00
8 43000.00 2.10
The first point is entered by default as 0, 0 so that row of the table is cross-hatched. You willbegin with the values for the second point.
The screen shown on the previous page is the “Graphics mode” screen. The values are entered inthe fields at the bottom of the window, as shown in the following figure:
Enter the materials Create the iron material (nonlinear steel)
Chapter 12 235
“Graphics mode” entry for B-H values
If you click on “Array mode,” however, you will see the following screen:
You may enter the values in either mode.
236
Create the iron material (nonlinear steel) Enter the materials
Chapter 12
Array mode screen to enter B-H values
We will show entry in Graphic mode; the points will be displayed with an � symbol in thegraphics window as they are entered.
For example, the following figure shows the screen after values for the 2nd point have beenentered:
As other points are entered, they will also be displayed on the graph. Enter the values for points2-7 as follows:
Program Input
H (A/m) = 129.5
B (Tesla) = 0.5
H (A/m) = 243.25
B (Tesla) = 1.1
H (A/m) = 1850
B (Tesla) = 1.6
Enter the materials Create the iron material (nonlinear steel)
Chapter 12 237
2nd point of nonlinear steel B-H curve
Program Input
H (A/m) = 3700
B (Tesla) = 1.7
H (A/m) = 9900
B (Tesla) = 1.85
H (A/m) = 22100
B (Tesla) = 2.0
H (A/m) = 43000
B (Tesla) = 2.1
H (A/m) =
When you have finished entering the values for the 8 points, your screen display should resemblethe one shown below:
238
Create the iron material (nonlinear steel) Enter the materials
Chapter 12
Eight points entered for the nonlinear steel B-H curve
Choose “End definition” to stop entering values:
Program Input
H(A/m) End_definition
239
Enter the materials Create the iron material (nonlinear steel)
Chapter 12
All initial values entered
Now you will need to validate the initial points of the spline curve and enter the saturationmagnetization for the iron. Your screen should resemble the following figure:
You must select the smoothing method for the curve and enter the value of the saturationmagnetization. Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Validate
Please select the smooth method 1 Automatic_smooth
Value of the saturationmagnetization
240
Create the iron material (nonlinear steel) Enter the materials
Chapter 12
Accepting the initial points for the B-H curve
You will see a blue field where you should enter the value:
Enter 2.07 as the value for the saturation magnetization:
Program Input
Value of the saturationmagnetization (Tesla)
2.07
Checking spline functionsinterpolation
The smoothed curve passesthrough the 3 green points
241
Enter the materials Create the iron material (nonlinear steel)
Chapter 12
Entering the saturation magnetization for the iron material
You will see the curve with 3 points displayed as green � symbols. The smoothed curve passesthrough these points:
The B-H curve is drawn by Flux2D to best fit the points you have entered. It is likely that thecurve does not pass through some of the points. If the curve is not satisfactory, you can modifythe 3 selected points, the saturation value, or the weighting factor, to get the curve you want.You can also change the maximum value of the abscissa to view the graph in greater detail. Whenyou are ready, choose Quit and accept the curve as follows:
Program Input
Quit
Validate
Please select the property
Quit
You will return to the Add screen.
242
Create the iron material (nonlinear steel) Enter the materials
Chapter 12
Points chosen for the smoothed curve
Create the aluminum material
Finally, enter the properties for the linear aluminum. Proceed as follows:
Program Input
1 Material
Name of the material : aluminum
Comment linear aluminum for inductionmachine
Please select the property 3 iso RHO
Please select the model 1 scalar cst
Enter the resistivity value in the blue field at the top.
Validate your entry for the aluminum and then close the materials database. Proceed as follows:
Program Input
Value = 0.278e-7
Please select the line whosevalue is to be changed
1 Validate
Please select the property Quit
Selected command Quit
Selected command STOP
You will return to the Flux Supervisor. Next, you will model the external circuit.
243
Enter the materials Create the aluminum material
Chapter 12
Resistivity value for linear aluminum
Model an external circuit withELECTRIFLUX
Now you are ready to use ELECTRIFLUX, the circuit module, to construct a model of anexternal circuit for the motor. You can then use the circuit as the source for a magnetodynamicor a transient magnetic problem.
Overview of the circuit
The machine in our model is connected in delta; the circuit you will create is shown below.
245
Chapter 13
Circuit topology for delta connection
The R’s in the figure above represent the stator winding end turn resistance; the L’s represent the end turn inductance. The stator windings for phases A, B and C are shown as BPA, BPB, andBMC, respectively. The squirrel cage, though electrically independent of the stator circuit, isconnected to one end of the delta to establish a common ground.
The voltage sources are each 380V, 50Hz AC, but with a phase difference of 120 degrees. PhaseC will automatically have the same voltage with another 120 degrees phase shift, as given byKirchoff’s law. Thus, there is no need to connect phase C with an external source.
In numerical computation, errors may result in zero sequence currents, which in turn cause anerror in the model. This type of error can be avoided if the voltages in the three phases are notdefined explicitly.
Place the circuit components as shown below.
The components need not be arranged exactly as shown as long as the appropriate connectionsare made.
Overview of the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13246
Circuit components placed on sheet
The small squares beside the components indicate the “hot” points, shown here at the top of thecoil.
The “hot” point shows the side through which the current should enter the component to give apositive voltage drop. The components must be placed so these “hot” points are on the properside. Thus, the placement of the “hot” point is essential only for the coils.
Start ELECTRIFLUX
To start the circuit module, from the Flux2D Supervisor, double click Circuit:
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Start ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13 247
The “hot” point of the coil
Starting the Circuit module (ELECTRIFLUX)
Program Input
Double click Circuit
ELECTRIFLUX will open.
Start ELECTRIFLUX Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13248
ELECTRIFLUX (Circuit) window
Open a new circuit problem
Open a new circuit problem.
Using the icon in the toolbar
Click the icon in the toolbar.
Program Input
click
Using the menu
If you prefer, choose File, New from the menu.
Program Input
File
New
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Open a new circuit problem
Chapter 13 249
A new (blank) Circuit and Sheet windows will open.
Chapter 13250
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Open a new circuit problem
New Circuit and Sheet windows open in ELECTRIFLUX
ELECTRIFLUX toolbar
The ELECTRIFLUX toolbar includes icons for project management (New, Open, Save), as wellas special icons for managing components, selecting components, and viewing the sheet.
The following figure shows the ELECTRIFLUX toolbar.
The following figures identify the toolbar icons.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX ELECTRIFLUX toolbar
Chapter 13 251
ELECTRIFLUX menus
Below are brief descriptions and illustrations of the ELECTRIFLUX menus.
File menu
The File menu includes commands to open, save, print, and import/export circuit files.
Edit menu
The Edit menu includes commands to manage components on the sheet, e.g., Cut, Copy, Paste,Delete.
ELECTRIFLUX menus Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13252
View menu
The View menu includes commands to change the appearance of the sheet. For example, you candisplay or hide the circuit grid with View, Grid.
The Zoom commands are also accessible through the View menu.
Circuit menu
The Circuit menu includes commands to arrange components and connections, e.g., to insertconnection points, rotate elements, insert space between components, etc.
� "Automatic component skirting" is a setting that prevents circuit connections from
being made through or across components. This option is activated (checked) by
default.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX ELECTRIFLUX menus
Chapter 13 253
Sheet menu
The Sheet menu includes commands to manage the individual circuit sheets—to change thename, the background colors, the size of the grid, and so on.
Window menu
The Window menu includes commands for the display of the Circuit window (which includesthe Sheet window).
? (Help) menu
The ? (Help) menu includes commands to link to Flux online help (including a searchableIndex), the Flux User's Guide, and other documentation.
ELECTRIFLUX menus Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13254
Change the size of the sheet
Before you proceed, if you wish, you can change the size of the sheet window and circuit grid.
First, click the button to maximize the Sheet window. Then right click anywhere on the sheet toopen the context menu. Choose Sheet settings....
Program Input
click
Right click on the sheet
Sheet settings…
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Change the size of the sheet
Chapter 13 255
To modify the sheet settings (size of sheet, etc.)
The Sheet properties dialog will open.
Enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Sheet properties (Sheet_1)
Comment induction machine circuit
Squaring gap (pixels) 10
Line Width 1
Background color [white]
Line color [blue]
Selected line color [red]
Sheet Width 800
Sheet Height 600
OK
Change the size of the sheet Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13256
Modifying the sheet properties
When you click OK, the dialog closes. Adjust the sheet window (if necessary) to show your newsheet size.
Now you are ready to begin placing the circuit components on the sheet.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Change the size of the sheet
Chapter 13 257
New (larger) sheet with grid
The following figure shows all the components for the circuit in place.
Change the size of the sheet Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13258
Circuit components placed on the sheet
Add the coils to the circuit
First, place the coils on the circuit grid.
The circuit requires a total of 3 stranded conducting coils. The solid conductors, like those in thesquirrel cage you will describe later, are solid conductors with eddy currents.
To add the coils, click Coil conductor in the components library.
Program Input
click Coil conductor
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the coils to the circuit
Chapter 13 259
You will see a red coil symbol in the top left corner of the sheet.
Add the coils to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13260
Ready to place the coil components (stator windings)
Place the coil components on the sheet
Move your mouse over the coil symbol, but do not click on the symbol yet. Move the symbolwith the mouse until the coil is in the position shown in the following figure.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the coils to the circuit
Chapter 13 261
Moving coil B1 into position
Then click to place the coil in that position (the coil symbol will turn blue). As soon as you movethe mouse again, you will see a second (red) coil symbol.
Add the coils to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13262
Moving coil B2 into position
Click to place coil B2. Move the mouse again to place coil B3, as shown in the following figure.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the coils to the circuit
Chapter 13 263
Placing coil B3 on the sheet
To stop adding coil components, move your mouse off the sheet.
Add the coils to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13264
To stop adding coil components to the sheet
Rotate the coils for proper orientation of the hot point
Now rotate the coil components. For each component, complete the two steps below:
1. Click the component to select it (the component will turn red).
2. Click the Rotate icon the appropriate number of times to orient the component.
Each time you click the icon the component rotates 90� clockwise. Note that all 3 coils mustbe rotated a total of 180� clockwise; you thus need to click the Rotate icon two (2) times toobtain the proper rotation for these coils.
For example, the following figure shows coil B3 after its rotation. Look closely to see that the"hot point" is below the pin on the right side of the coil.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the coils to the circuit
Chapter 13 265
To rotate coil B1
Coil B3 rotated
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
click B1 symbol
B1 turns red
click two (2) times
B1 rotates 180� clockwise
click B2 symbol
B2 turns red
click two (2) times
B2 rotates 180� clockwise
click B3 symbol
B3 turns red
click two (2) times
B3 rotates 180� clockwise
Add the coils to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13266
With the three coils rotated, your sheet should resemble the following:
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the coils to the circuit
Chapter 13 267
Coils rotated
Add the resistors to the circuit
Now add three resistors to the circuit.
To add the resistors, click Resistor in the component library.
Program Input
click Resistor
Add the resistors to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13268
You will see a red resistor symbol in the upper left corner of the sheet.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the resistors to the circuit
Chapter 13 269
Ready to place resistor on the sheet
Place the 3 resistors on the sheet
Move the mouse over the resistor symbol and then place the 3 resistors as shown in the followingfigure.
Move your mouse off the sheet to stop adding resistors.
Add the resistors to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13270
Resistors placed on the sheet
Rotate the resistors
Now rotate resistors R1 and R2. (Note that resistor R3 does not need to be rotated.)
Proceed as follows:
Program Input
click R1 symbol
R1 turns red
click two (2) times
R1 rotates 180� clockwise
click R2 symbol
R2 turns red
click two (2) times
R2 rotates 180� clockwise
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the resistors to the circuit
Chapter 13 271
With the resistors rotated, your sheet should resemble the following.
Add the resistors to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13272
Resistors rotated
Add the inductors to the circuit
Now add inductors to model the stator winding end turn inductances.
Click Inductor in the components library.
Program Input
click Inductor
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the inductors to the circuit
Chapter 13 273
You will see a red inductor symbol in the upper left corner of the sheet.
Add the inductors to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13274
Ready to add inductor
Place the 3 inductors on the sheet
Move the mouse to place the three inductors on the sheet, as shown in the following figure.
Move your mouse off the sheet to stop adding inductors.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the inductors to the circuit
Chapter 13 275
Inductors placed on the sheet
Rotate the inductors
Now rotate inductors L1 and L2 (note that L3 does not need to be rotated). Proceed as follows.
Program Input
click L1 symbol
L1 turns red
click two (2) times
L1 rotates 180� clockwise
click L2 symbol
L2 turns red
click two (2) times
L2 rotates 180� clockwise
Add the inductors to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13276
With the inductors properly rotated, your sheet should resemble the following figure.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the inductors to the circuit
Chapter 13 277
Inductors rotated
Add the voltage sources to the circuit
Now add the two voltage sources.
Click Voltage source in the components library.
Program Input
click Voltage source
Add the voltage sources to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13278
You will see a red voltage symbol in the upper left corner of the sheet.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the voltage sources to the circuit
Chapter 13 279
Ready to add voltages
Place the voltage sources on the sheet
Move the mouse to place the voltage sources as shown in the following figure.
Move your mouse off the sheet to stop adding voltage components.
Rotate the voltage sources
Now rotate the voltage sources. Proceed as follows.
Program Input
click V1 symbol
V1 turns red
click two (2) times
Add the voltage sources to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13280
Voltages added to circuit sheet
Program Input
V1 rotates 180 clockwise
click V2 symbol
V2 turns red
click two (2) times
V1 rotates 180 clockwise
With the voltage sources rotated, your sheet should resemble the following figure.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the voltage sources to the circuit
Chapter 13 281
Voltage sources rotated
Add the squirrel cage to the circuit
Finally, add the squirrel cage component at the top of the sheet.
Click Squirrel cage in the components library.
Program Input
click Squirrel cage
Add the squirrel cage to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
Chapter 13282
You will see a red squirrel cage symbol in the top left corner of the sheet.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Add the squirrel cage to the circuit
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Ready to place squirrel cage component
Move your mouse to place the squirrel cage at the top center of the sheet, as shown in thefollowing figure.
Add the squirrel cage to the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
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Adding the squirrel cage to the sheet
Save your circuit
Now is a good time to save your circuit file. Click the icon or choose Fire, Save from themenu.
Program Input
File
Save
The following dialog will open.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Save your circuit
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Saving the circuit file
The dialog shows your working directory in the "Save in" field (e.g., ours is "Flux_Work" in thefigure above). If you wish to save the file to a different directory, click the button andbrowse to the directory you prefer.
When you are ready, enter or verify the following:
Program Input
Save in Flux_Work [working directory]
File name Ind_Motor_Circuit.ccs [or your name]
Save
Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit)
Now connect the components. Place your mouse over the pin of the squirrel cage Q1, until thecursor changes to a bull's-eye shape.
Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit) Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
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Starting to connect the components (wire the circuit)
Move the mouse down to a point in line with coil B1 and click on the grid. Then move the mouseto the left to coil B1 and click to complete the first connection.
Notice that with the "Automatic component skirting" option (the default option) you cannotmake an invalid connection, such as one that passes through or over a component. The cursorchanges to a hand pointer as it passes over the components, as shown in the following figure.
You can make connections only when you see the bull's-eye cursor.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit)
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"Automatic component skirting" prevents
connections through components
Continue to connect the components. Remember that you can click on the grid itself wheneveryou wish to make the connections more legible.
Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit) Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
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Adding a point on the circuit grid
The following figure shows the connections for the complete circuit.
� The end of the squirrel cage is connected to the rest of the circuit for topological
reasons. Flux2D gives an error message if any component is left without a
connection or if two parts of the circuit are not connected.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Connect the circuit components (wire the circuit)
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Circuit connected
Rename components
You can modify the names of the components if you wish.
For instance, you may want to modify the names of the coil components to indicate the phase ofthe coil. The following figures show coil B3 being renamed as BMC.
� The name of any coil component must begin with a capital B. The initial letter of
any component name cannot be changed.
To change a component name, double click the component label and then enter the new name.
Rename components Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
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Renaming coil B3
The following figure shows the components with new labels.
Analyze the circuit
The Analyze command verifies that the components are properly connected and defined.Analyzing the circuit creates the *.CIF file that is used to assign physical properties andboundary conditions.
Choose Circuit, Analyse from the menu.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Analyze the circuit
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New component names for coils and voltage sources
Program Input
Circuit
Analyse
The following dialog will open with a report of the analysis.
Analyze the circuit Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
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Analysis of the circuit
Click Exit to close the dialog.
Program Input
The circuit is connexe. Exit
Save and close the circuit file
The circuit and transmission file are now complete. Save the circuit file by clicking the iconor by choosing File, Save from the menu.
Program Input
File
Save
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Save and close the circuit file
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Close the circuit by choosing File, Close.
Program Input
File
Close
The following dialog will open.
Click Yes to confirm:
Program Input
Close circuit? Yes
Save and close the circuit file Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX
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Confirming close of circuit
Close ELECTRIFLUX
Finally, close ELECTRIFLUX by choosing File, Exit.
Program Input
File
Exit
You return to the Flux2D Supervisor. Next you will define physical properties. This is describedin the second volume of this tutorial, Flux2D: Induction Machine Calculations.
Model an external circuit with ELECTRIFLUX Close ELECTRIFLUX
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