Post on 26-Mar-2015
transcript
Types Of Addresses
1. IP Addresses
2. MAC Addresses
IP (Internet Protocol)
What Is IP (Internet Protocol) ?
Any protocol that is the part of the TCP/IP protocol stack.
It is also the network protocol.
IP provides features for addressing.
IP Addresses
IP Addresses assigned to hosts using the TCP/IP suite of protocols
IP addresses are of 32-bits
IP addresses have two portions A . Network Portion
B . Host Portion
Example
042-7706570
042 = is network portion and it remains same throughout the network.
7706570 = is host portion and it varies from host to host.
Range Of Decimal Values
An IP address is expressed as Four decimal values in the range of
0 to 255
Dotted Decimal Notations
These decimal values each represents Eight bits of the 32-bits address, known as an OCTET. This is called Dotted Decimal Notation.
Example
155.127.231.124
Classification Of IP Addresses
Class Range Uses Network Portion
Host Portion
Class A 1-126 Data Communication
8-bits 24-bits
Class B 128-191 Data Communication
16-bits 16-bits
Class C 192-223 Data Communication
24-bits 8-bits
Class D 224-239 Multi Casting
Class E 240-255 Research and Testing
Note :
Value 127 is not in any class it is reserved for Loop Back Testing It is used for checking of TCP/IP Stack on PC
How it is Standard Minimum Value is 0 and Maximum Value is 255
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ON Bits
OFF Bits
Adding all Decimal Values when all bits ON Maximum Value is 255
Adding all Decimal Values when all bits OFF Minimum Value is 0
IP 124.192.135.159/8 Network Portion = 8-Bits Host Portion = 24-Bits
Network Portion Host Portion Host Portion Host Portion
1st Octet 2nd Octet 3rd Octet 4th Octet
IP Address 124 192 135 159
Binary 01111100 11000000 10000111 10011111
Subnet mask 255 00000000 00000000 00000000
Binary 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000
Network ID 124 192 00000000 00000000
Binary 01111100 11000000 00000000 00000000
IP Address 124.192.135.159
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Network ID 124.0.0.0
IP 189.200.191.239/16 Network Portion = 16-Bits Host Portion = 16-Bits
Network Portion Host Portion Host Portion Host Portion
1st Octet 2nd Octet 3rd Octet 4th Octet
IP Address 189 200 191 239
Binary 10111101 11001000 10111111 11101111
Subnet mask 255 255 00000000 0000000
Binary 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network ID 189 200 00000000 00000000
Binary 10111101 11001000 10111111 11101111
IP Address 189.200.191.239
Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0
Network ID 189.200.0.0
IP 193.220.164.223/24 Network Portion = 24-Bits Host Portion = 8-Bits
Network Portion Host Portion Host Portion Host Portion
1st Octet 2nd Octet 3rd Octet 4th Octet
IP Address 193 220 164 223
Binary 11000001 11011100 10100100 11011111
Subnet mask 255 255 255 00000000
Binary 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Network ID 193 220 164 00000000
Binary 11000001 11011100 10100100 11011111
IP Address 193.220.164.223
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Network ID 193.220.164.0
IP ADDRESSES SUBNET MASK NETWORK ADRESSES
No Communication Occurred
Q: When Two Computers are connected then Communication Occurred ?
We Should have to follow some rule and regulations
IP Address 5.1.1.1
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Network ID 5.0.0.0
IP Address 5.1.1.2
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Network ID 5.0.0.0
Communication Will Start
Q : When IP addresses are of same Class and Network ID are same then will Communication Start ?
Communication will be occurred when IP are of same Classes and their Network ID are Same of both computers
Class A Class A
IP Address 6.1.1.1
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Network ID 6.0.0.0
IP Address 5.1.1.2
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Network ID 5.0.0.0
No Communication will Start
Q: When IP addresses are of same Class but Network ID are Different will Communication Start ?
When ever Two Computers are connected Back to Back and their Network ID are not same Communication will not be occurred even IP are of same Classes.
Class A Class A
Because
Then How Different Networks Communicate
Routers are Used To Communicate
Different Networks
IP Address 6.1.1.1
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Network ID 6.0.0.0
IP Address 5.1.1.2
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Network ID 5.0.0.0
Now Communication will Start
Communication will because ROUTER are used to Communicate Different Networks
Class A Class B
Because