Post on 09-Feb-2016
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TYPHUSBY TIM WAER
What is Typhus? Chills Cough High Fever Joint Pain Low BP Severe Headache/Muscle Pain Stupor Delirium Rash that begins on chest and spreads to limbs
(but not palms of hands or soles of feet)
What causes Typhus? Rickettsia prowazekii:
epidemic typhus Rickettsia typhi : endemic
(murine) typhus
Gram (-), non-motile, obligate intracellular parasite, aerobic bacteria
Fun Fact: Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria
Andersson et al (1998)Similar functional
profile of genome to mitochondria
Similar ATP production mechs
Possible insight into endosymbiosis
History of Typhus Commonly found in
prisons/crowded areas
Lends to its common name of “Jail Fever”
Where Does Typhus Occur?
How Does Typhus Spread?
Two modes of transmission:Epidemic typhus – Lice to humansEndemic typhus – Fleas to humans
Rickettsia-Host Cell Interaction Entry:
Interaction with Outer Membrane Protiens
Phagocytosis
Escape from Phagosome and Spread to Other Cells
Lysing of Phagosomal Membrane
Divide by Binary Fission
Spread due to burst of cell
Lack Actin-Polymerization machinery
Natural Defense and Rickettsial Survival
When Things Go Bad
Diagnosis Should be made
based on clinical findings
Complete blood count to check for anemia/low platelets
Test for increased levels of typhus antibodies
Treatment Easily treated with a
mix of broad-spectrum antibiotics
Most common include doxycycline, tetracycline and chloramphenicol.
Originally, vaccine dangerous to produce, now just not worth it
Prognosis Infrequent relapses Without treatment, death resulted in 10-
60% of cases for epidemic typhus <2% for endemic typhus Prompt treatment leads to prompt
recovery
Prevention Good Hygiene
Avoid areas where one may encounter rats/fleas and lice.
Bathe regularlyUse insecticidesWash clothes regularly
References Anderson et al. “The genome sequence of Rickettsia
prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria”. Nature 396. (1998) pg 133-140.
Immunopaedia.org, 2010. Web. 4 April 2012. http://www.immunopaedia.org.za/index.php?id=257
Mayer, Gene. Microbiology and Immunology. Columbia, SC: The Board of Trustees of the University of South Carolina, 2010.
Parola, Philippe and Didier Raoult. Rickketsial Diseases. Informa Healthcare, 2007.
“Rickketsia”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. 21 Feb 2012. Web. 4 April 2012.
“Typhus”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 30 March 2012. Web. 4 April 2012.