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ACCA-前导课 CONTENT
CONTENT Part A ACCA 课程架构 .................................................................................................................................... 3
1. ACCA 课程架构 .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. 应用知识阶段 Applied knowledge ...................................................................................................................... 3
3. 应用技术阶段 Applied skills .................................................................................................................................. 4
4. 战略专业阶段 Strategic professional ................................................................................................................. 4
5. 学期计划表 ................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Part B ACCA 学习资源及方法 ......................................................................................................................... 6
1. 公共学习资源 .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
2. 学习方法 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
3. 复习注意事项 .............................................................................................................................................................. 7
Part C Basic knowledge ................................................................................................................................... 8
Chapter 1 Business and Technology .................................................................................................................... 8
1. Organization ................................................................................................................................................................. 8
2. Corporate governance .............................................................................................................................................. 9
3. Audit ................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
4. Macro-economic ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
5. Micro-economics ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 2 Financial Accounting ......................................................................................................................... 15
1. Financial statements ................................................................................................................................................. 15
2. Accounting process .................................................................................................................................................. 19
3. Accounting equation ............................................................................................................................................... 19
4. Double-entry .............................................................................................................................................................. 20
Chapter 3 Management Accounting .................................................................................................................. 23
1. Classifying costs ......................................................................................................................................................... 23
2. Time value of money ............................................................................................................................................... 24
3. Budget-actual performance .................................................................................................................................. 25
Part D 常见问题总结 .................................................................................................................................... 29
Answer paper ................................................................................................................................................ 30
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ACCA-前导课 CONTENT
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ACCA-前导课 PART A
Part A ACCA 课程架构 SYLLABUS CONTENT
1. ACCA 课程架构
2. 应用知识阶段
3. 应用技术阶段
4. 战略专业阶段
5. 附-学期计划表
1. ACCA 课程架构
2. 应用知识阶段 Applied knowledge
⚫ 获得初级商业会计证书
BT 商业与技术 Business and Technology
MA 管理会计 Management accounting
FA 财务会计 Financial accounting
Business and Technology
Financial Accounting
Management Accounting
Financial Reporting
Performance Management
Audit and Assurance
Strategic Business Leader
Strategic Business Reporting
Advanced Audit and Assurance
Corporate and Business Law
Advanced Performance Management
Taxation
Financial Management
Advanced Taxation
Advanced Financial Management
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ACCA-前导课 PART A
3. 应用技术阶段 Applied skills
⚫ 获得高级商业会计证书
⚫ 可申请牛津布鲁克斯大学应用会计理学士学位
LW 公司法与商法 Corporate and business law
PM 业绩管理 Performance management
TX 税务 Taxation
FR 财务报告 Financial reporting
AA 审计与认证业务 Audit and assurance
FM 财务管理 Financial management
4. 战略专业阶段 Strategic professional
⚫ 可申请获得伦敦大学专业会计硕士学位
⚫ 成为 ACCA 准会员
必修课
SBL 战略商业领袖 Strategic business leader
SBR 战略商业报告 Strategic business reporting
选修课 (四选二)
AFM 高级财务管理 Advanced financial management
APM 高级业绩管理 Advanced performance management
ATX 高级税务 Advanced taxation
AAA 高级审计与认证业务 Advanced audit and assurance
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ACCA-前导课 PART A
5. 学期计划表
学期计划表 寒/暑假
大一
上
下
大二
上
下
大三
上
下
大四
上
下
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ACCA-前导课 PART B
Part B ACCA 学习资源及方法 SYLLABUS CONTENT
1. 公共学习资源
2. 学习方法
3. 复习注意事项
1. 公共学习资源
⚫ ACCA 官网
步骤1:登陆 ACCA 官网 www.accaglobal.com
步骤2:点击 “Student” 内的 “Student support resources”
步骤3:点击 “ACCA Qualification”
步骤4:选择相应的学科,例如FR (财务报告)
步骤5:找到对应的学习资源
1.1 学习资源
Syllabus 学科大纲
Examinable documents 考试范围
Examining team guidance 考官文章
CBE specimen exams 机考样板卷
CBE past exams 机考真题
Paper past exams 笔试真题
Technical articles 专业知识文章
2. 学习方法
基础课(重要) 线上题库 考前复习
第一遍精刷
(限时完成)
改错,建立错题本
第二遍只做错题题及好题
回顾 summary
回顾错题本
考前模拟(时间管理)
把重点整理在A4纸上
(summary) 录音或网课有重点回放重听
课堂练习再做一遍(错题需要整理)
约 2 小时/章节,约 3 页纸 summary/章节
回顾基础课
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ACCA-前导课 PART B
3. 复习注意事项
⚫ 学习顺序 (先看网课,再做题)
⚫ 学习计划 (学期计划,月计划,日计划)
⚫ 知识框架
⚫ 错题整理
⚫ 模拟练习 (注意时间管理)
3.1 学习小工具
⚫ 计算器
⚫ A4 纸
⚫ 尺子
⚫ 红蓝黑笔,荧光笔
⚫ 耳塞 (神器)
⚫ X mind (APP)
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 1
Part C Basic knowledge
Chapter 1 Business and Technology
SYLLABUS CONTENT
1.Organization
2.Corporate governance
3.Audit
4.Macro-economic
5.Micro-economic
1. Organization
1.1 Definition
An organization is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals,controls its own performance and has
a boundary separating it from its environment.
1.2 The reasons for the existence of an organization
⚫ Overcoming limitations (physical and intelligent, or mental) of individual or groups
⚫ Synergy-combined output exceeds the sum total (1+1>2)
⚫ Specialisation to achieve best results more efficiently
⚫ Time saving (division of labours)
⚫ Knowledge and experience accumulation and sharing
⚫ Pooling of expertise
Example:Synergy
1.3 Types of organization
⚫ Public sector
Organization owned or run by central or local government or government agencies. Public sector
organization are accountability to the People, the Government, and the Parliament. They are funded by
public funds, such as taxpayers’ money, Charges (e.g. bus tickets, hospital charges) and sometimes borrowing.
Public schools and education institutions
The public health system and hospitals
Local authorities
The Army, Navy and the Air Force
The national social and security organization
⚫ Private sector (business organization)
Organization not owned or run by central or local government, or government agencies. These organization
can be categorized into sole trader, a partnership, or a limited liability company.
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 1
1.3.1 Limited liability company
Company is legally a separate entity from its owners (shareholders) and managed by board of directors.
The shareholders of a limited liability company are only responsible for the amount paid for their shares.
⚫ Shareholders
The equity shareholders are the owners of company. Decisions made by voting rights attached to each
category of shares through the general meeting (Annual General Meetings).
⚫ Board of directors
In simple words, BOD is responsible for managing and controlling the operation of company. Decision
made by consensus (simple majority) through the meeting of BOD.
2. Corporate governance
2.1 Definition
⚫ Corporate governance is the system by which organization is directed and controlled.
⚫ Good corporate governance is important because the owners of a company and the people who manage the
company are not always in same,which can lead to conflicts of interest. The board of directors of a company
are usually the top management and are those who are charged with governance of that company. The
responsibilities and duties of directors are usually laid down in law and wide ranging.
2.2 Contents
⚫ Establish the internal control system. Internal control is the process designed and effected by management
to provide reasonable assurance about the achievement of the entity’s objectives
⚫ Introduce the role of non-executive directors
⚫ The existence of sub-committees such as remuneration committee,nomination committee,audit committee
(internal auditors)
⚫ Introduce the process of external auditing
3. Audit
3.1 Definition
⚫ External audit
The members of the company usually appoint a firm of registered auditors to investigate the financial
statements and report as to whether or not they show a true and fair view.
⚫ Internal audit
Internal auditors are employees of the company whose duties are fixed by management and who report on
the effectiveness of internal control systems.
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 1
3.2 Comparison of external and internal audit
External Audit Internal Audit
Objective Provide an opinion Advise management
Appointed by Shareholders Audit committee or BOD
Reports to Shareholders Audit committee or BOD
Status Independent Employee
Legal basis Legal requirement Not a legal requirement
Reports on & Responsibility
The truth and fairness of the
financial statements and their
compliance with the Companies
Act and Accounting Standards.
A wide range of issues including
risk management and internal
controls and corporate
governance
Scope Financial focus All areas of the organisation
3.3 补充
⚫ 四大会计师事务所 Big Four
普华永道 (PwC)
德勤 (DTT)
毕马威 (KPMG)
安永 (EY)
⚫ 国内八大会计师事务所
天职国际
天健
致同
立信
大信
中瑞岳华
信永中和
大华
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 1
4. Macro-economic
4.1 Definitions
Macro-economics is the study of the aggregated effects of the decisions of individual economic units. (national
economy or international economy) It focus on the aggregate demand and aggregate supply.
4.2 The business of trade cycle
A. Recession
B. Depression
C. Recovery
D. Boom
4.3 Main economic objectives
Macro-economic policy of a country (or more specifically of the Government) has the following main economic
objectives:
To achieve economic growth
To control price inflation
To achieve full employment
4.3.1 To achieve economic growth
Economic growth may be measured by increases in the real gross national product (GNP) per head.
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services
produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) .
Environmental
Political
Economic
Macro-economic factor
Mirco-economic factor
Social
Business environment
Technological
Legal
Output
Time
Peak
Peak
Actual output
Trend in
output A
B
C
D
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 1
4.3.2 To control price inflation
Inflation is the name given to an increase in price levels generally. It is also manifest the decline in the
purchasing power of money.
Deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services.
Stagflation is a portmanteau of stagnation (slow or no economic growth) and inflation, is a term used in
economics to describe a situation where an inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows down,
and unemployment remains steadily high.
4.3.3 To achieve full employment
The statistics of unemployment at any time is measured by government statistics and survey. The rate of
unemployment in an economy can be calculated:
5. Micro-economics
5.1 Definitions
Micro-economics studies the behaviour of how the individual modern household and firms make decisions to
allocate limited resources.
Microeconomics examines how these decisions and behaviours would affect the supply and demand for goods
and services, which determines prices, and how prices, in turn, determine the quantity supplied and quantity
demanded of goods and services.
5.2 Demand
Demand for a good or service is the quantity of that good or service that potential purchasers would be willing
and able to buy, or attempt to buy, at any possible price.
5.2.1 Demand curve
⚫ Expansion and contraction in demand curve: The price of the good
⚫ Shifts in the demand curve:
Households’ income
The price of other substitute goods or complement goods
Tastes and fashion
Population
Number of unemployed
Total workforce × 100%
P
Q
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 1
5.2.2 Price elasticity of demand
The price elasticity of demand (PED) is the relationship between change in quantity demanded and
changes in price.
Elasticity PED Explain
Relatively inelastic < 1 Necessity
Unitary = 1 --
Relatively elastic > 1 Luxury
5.3 Supply
Supply refers to the quantity of a good that existing suppliers would want to produce for the market at a given
price. Generally, suppliers will be prepared to produce more goods and services the higher the price they can
obtain.
5.3.1 Supply curve
⚫ (AVC is average variable cost)
⚫ Expansion and contraction in supply curve: Price of goods
⚫ Shifts in supply curve:
Cost of making the goods
Price of other goods (substitutes in supply)
The objectives of producers and their future expectations
Changes in technology
Other factors (natural disasters, industrial disruption)
PED= percentage change in quantity demanded
percentage change in price=
△Q
Q ×100
△P
P ×100
Q
P =AVC
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 1
Quick Quiz 1
Which TWO of the followings are benefits of creating an organization?
A. Speeding up communications
B. Sharing knowledge
C. Simplifying decision-making
D. Pooling skills
Quick Quiz 2
Which of the following reflect the corporate governance responsibility of a non-executive director?
(1) To protect executive director
(2) To scrutinize other directors
(3) To provide an independent perspective
A. (1) (2) and (3)
B. (2) and (3)
C. (1) and (2)
D. (3) only
Quick Quiz 3
To whom is the external auditor responsible?
A. The audit committee
B. The government
C. The board of directors
D. The shareholders
Quick Quiz 4
Which of the following describes an economy situation of “stagflation”?
A. Positive economic growth and rising prices
B. Zero or negative economic growth and stable or falling prices
C. Zero or negative economic growth and rising prices
D. Positive economic growth and stable or falling prices
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 2
Chapter 2 Financial Accounting
SYLLABUS CONTENT
1. Financial statements
2. Accounting process
3. Accounting equation
4. Double-entry
1. Financial statements
The objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position,performance
and changes in financial position of a business that is useful to a wide range of users in making decisions.
Financial statements Contents
The statement of profit or loss and other
comprehensive income (income statement) Period of performance
The statement of financial position (balance sheet) Financial position
The statement of cash flows Liquidity
The statement of changes in equity Movement of equity
Notes Information to be disclosed
1.1 The statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year end
Sales revenue X
Less:cost of sales (X)
Gross profit X
Other income X
Expense (X)
Profit before interest and tax X
Interest expense (X)
Profit before tax X
Tax expense (X)
Profit for the year X
Other comprehensive income
Gain on revaluation of property X
Total comprehensive income XX
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 2
1.2 The statement of financial position as at year end
X
X
XX
X
X
X
XX
XX
X
X
X
XX
X
X
Assets
Non-current assets
Property
Equipment
Current assets
Inventory
Trade receivables
Cash (Bank)
Total assets
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Equity share
Retained earnings
Revaluation surplus
Non-current liability
Bank loan
Current liabilities
Trade payables
Total equity and liabilities XX
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 2
Example
Company ABC was incorporated at 1 Jan with equity shares of $7,000,000 and borrowed bank loan for
$1,000,000. During the year, the transactions were as following (assumes all transactions were cash
transactions) :
Cash transactions Amount (in $’000)
Buy equipment 2,000
Purchase goods ( = goods sold) 5,000
Rent expense 1,500
Interest expense 50
Tax expense 50
Other expense 1,900
Sales revenue 12,500
Preparing the Income statement and balance sheet at 31 December.
Solutions:
The statement of profit and loss and comprehensive income for the year end
$'000
Sales revenue 12,500
Less:cost of sales (=purchase) (5,000)
Gross profit 7,500
Expense ( 1,500 rent + 1,900 others) (3,400)
Profit before interest and tax 4,100
Interest expense (50)
Profit before tax 4,050
Tax expense (50)
Profit for the year 4,000
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 2
The statement of financial position as at year end
Assets $’000
Non-current assets
Equipment 2,000
Current assets
Cash (Seeing below) 10,000
Total assets 12,000
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Equity share 7,000
Retained earnings 4,000
11,000
Non-current liability
Bank loan 1,000
Total equity and liabilities 12,000
Cash receive and payment
Equity shares
Amount (in $’000)
7,000
Bank loan 1,000
Buy equipment (2,000)
Purchase goods (5,000)
Rent expense (1,500)
Interest expense (50)
Tax expense (50)
Other expenses (1,900)
Sales revenue 12,500
Balance at year end 10,000
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 2
2. Accounting process
2.1 Source documents
Business transactions are recorded on Source documents. Examples includes sales orders, purchase orders and
bill.
2.2 Books of prime entry
The details on source documents need to be summarized and recorded so that it knows what is going on. Such
records are made in books of prime entry. Books of prime entry includes sales day book, purchase day book and
cash book etc.
2.3 Ledgers accounts
Ledger accounts summarize all the individual transactions listed in the book of prime entry. There are two sides
to a ledger account, and an account headings on the top, and so they are often referred to as T- account.
2.4 Trial balance
A trial balance is a list of all ledger account balances. The purpose is to test the accuracy of the accounting
records.
3. Accounting equation
⚫ Five elements
Before introduce the accounting equation, we should understand Five elements first:
Asset
Liability
Equity
Income
Expense
Transactions
Source documents
Books of prime entry
Ledger accounts
Trial balance
Financial statements
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 2
3.1 Assets
An asset is a resource controlled by the entity as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits
are expected to flow to the entity.
⚫ Non-current assets: for the purpose of continuing use (more than 12 months) within the entity
⚫ Current assets: for the purpose of turning into cash within 12 months
3.2 Liability
A liability is a present obligation arising from past events and the settlement of obligation is expected resulting
in outflow of economic benefits.
⚫ Non-current liability: repayable beyond next 12 months
⚫ Current liability: repayable within next 12 months
3.3 Equity
The residual interest after assets less liabilities.
3.4 Income
Increase in economic benefits during the accounting period
3.5 Expense
Decrease in economic benefits during the accounting period
4. Double-entry
Double-entry bookkeeping is the method by which a business records transactions. The idea is that every
transaction has two effects, which is the dual effect. If you were purchased a car for $1,000 cash, you would be
affected in two ways:
(a)You own a car worth $1,000
(b)You have $1,000 less cash
⚫ If you got a bank loan form bank:
(a)You have $1,000 more cash
(b)You owe the bank $1,000
Business
Resources inside Supply by outside
Assets Liability Equity= +
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 2
⚫ If you spent $500 for repairing the car:
(a)You have $500 less cash
(b)You have incurred a repairs expense of $500
⚫ We use Debit and Credit to describe the two effects of each transaction. This is the double-entry
bookkeeping. The rules of double-entry are as followings:
⚫ Notes:
(a) Purchase of goods are recorded as increase in " Purchase ".
(b) The sale of goods are recorded as increase in "Sales".
⚫ Rules of double-entry
Increase as Debit Increase as Credit
Assets Liability
Expense Equity
Purchase Income
Sales
Assets Liability Equity= +
Assets Liability Equity (excludes profit)= + Profit+
Assets Liability Equity= + Expense - Income+
Assets Expense Liability + = Income+Equity+
Call as Debit
Call as Credit
Call as Credit
Call as Debit
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 2
Quick quiz 1
List down double-entry for the following transactions
(1) Sales for cash $500
(2) Purchase for cash $500
(3) Pay rent expense for cash $1,500
(4) Buy a machine for cash $10,000
(5) Borrow money from bank $2,000
Quick quiz 2
Which ONE of the following statements correctly describes the contents of the Statement of financial position?
A. A list of ledgers balances
B. A list of all assets owned and all liabilities owed by a business
C. A record of income generated and expenses incurred over a given period
D. A record of the amount cash inflows and outflows in a given period
Quick quiz 3
Statements True False
The financial statements consist solely of the statement of financial
position and statement of profit or loss
If financial statements are audited , then the responsibility for those
financial statements instead falls on the auditors instead of the
directors
There are generally no law surrounding the duties of directors in
managing the affairs of a company
The objective of financial statements is to provide information about
the financial position , performance and changes in financial position of
a business that is useful to a wide range of users in making decisions
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 3
Chapter 3 Management Accounting
SYLLABUS CONTENT
1. Classifying costs
2. Time value of money
3. Budget-actual performance
1. Classifying costs
Costs can be classified in a number of different ways:
⚫ Element
⚫ Nature
⚫ Function
⚫ Behaviour
1.1 Element
Costs are classified as materials, labour or expenses.
1.2 Nature
Costs are classified as being direct or indirect.
Direct cost is expenditure that can be directly identified with a specific cost unit.Prime cost is the total of direct
material cost, direct labour cost and direct expenses.
Indirect costs / overheads: are expenditure that can not be directly identified with a specific cost unit or cost
centre and must be ‘shared out‘ on an equitable basis.
1.3 Function
Costs are classified as being production or non-production costs.
Production costs: are costs included in a stock valuation. The product cost is the cost of making, or buying.
Non-production costs (period costs): are costs that are not attributed to product costs, but instead are treated
as a cost of the time period when they arise. Non-production costs are taken directly to the income statement
as expense in the period in which they are incurred (eg. administration cost, selling and distribution cost, finance
cost).
1.4 Behaviour
Costs are classified as being fixed, variable, semi-variable or stepped fixed.
Fixed costs: are costs that are not affected in total by the level of activity, but remain the same.
Variable costs: are the costs that change in total in direct proportion to the level of activity.
Stepped fixed: costs that are constant for a range of activity level, and then change, and are constant again for
another range.
Semi-variable costs: are those which have both fixed and variable element.
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 3
2. Time value of money
The time value of money (TVM) is the concept that money available at the present time is worth more than the
identical sum in the future due to its potential earning capacity. This core principle of finance holds that provided
money can earn interest, any amount of money is worth more the sooner it is received.
TVM reflects the people's time preference for $100 now over $100 at some time in the future. Discounting in an
evaluation technique which takes into account the time value of money.
2.1 Discounting and compound interest
⚫ If we were to invest $1,000 now in a bank account which pays interest of 10% per year, with interest
calculated at once at each year end, we would expecting the following returns:
After one year :
$1,000 × (1 + 10%) = $1,100
If we keep all our money in the bank account, after two years, it would be:
$1,000 × (1.1) × (1.1) = $1,210
Similarity, after three years:
$1,000 × (1.1) × (1.1) × (1.1) = $1,331
This example showing how compound interest works. The amount of interest earned each year gets larger
because we earn interest on both principal and previous earned interest.
⚫ Therefore, the future value can be calculated as:
FV = P (1 + r) n
P = present value
R = interest rate
N = number of years
⚫ Present value can be calculated as:
PV = FV / (1 + r) n
2.2 复利的奇迹:
Example 1
假如印第安人懂得复利
公元1626年,荷兰总督察Peter 花了大约24美元的珠子和饰品从印第安人手中买下了现在的曼哈顿岛地
区。到公元2000年,曼哈顿岛估值2.5万亿美元。假如印第安人懂得利用复利投资,使24美元达到7%的年
复合收益率,那么,375年后的2000年,他们就可以买回曼哈顿岛。
Example 2
商业超人李嘉诚
李嘉诚从16岁开始创业一直到83岁,历经67年,白手起家,资产达670亿美元。
但如果我们有一万美元的本金,每年复利为24.7%,用同样的时间,也可以达到李嘉诚的成就。复利加时
间,就是世界的“第八大奇迹”。
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 3
3. Budget-actual performance
3.1 Budget
A budget is a quantified plan of action for a forthcoming accounting period. A budget is a plan of what the
organization is aiming to achieve and what has been set as a target.
Budgets can be categorized into different types such as production budgets, marketing budgets, sales budgets,
personnel budgets, purchasing budgets and research and development budgets.
Example 3
A company makes two products: X and Y. Sales for next year are budgeted to be 5,000 units of X and 1,000 units
of Y. Planned selling prices are $95 and $130 per unit respectively.
Sales budgets
X Y Total
Sales units 5,000 1,000 6,000
Selling price $95 $130
Sale revenue $475,000 $130,000 $605,000
3.2 Performance analysis
The purpose of performance measurement is to control and motivate the organization to improve performance.
Performance measure can be divided into two groups:
⚫ Financial performance measures
⚫ Non-financial performance measures
Performance analysis
Financial performance Non-financial performance
Profitability Debt Liquidity Market share Innovation Quality
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 3
3.2.1 Financial performance
⚫ Profitability ratios
These ratios are concerned with the effectiveness of the firm in generating profit. A very popular means
of assessing a firm is to assess the amount of wealth generated for the amount of wealth invested.
Return on capital employed (ROCE)
Capital employed = Shareholders’ funds (Equity) + long-term liabilities
Asset turnover
Operating profit margin
⚫ Gearing
Gearing is concerned with the relative sizes of the funds provided by shareholders, on the one hand,
and by loan creditors on the other. This is an important issue in business finance.
⚫ Liquidity ratios
Liquidity ratios are a guide to the risk of cash flow problems and insolvency. If a company suddenly
finds that it is unable to renew its short-term liabilities (for instance if the bank suspends its overdraft
facilities) there will be a danger of insolvency unless the company is able to turn enough of its current
assets into cash quickly.
A simple measure of how much of the total current assets is financed by current liabilities. If, for
example the measure is 2:1 this means that only a limited amount of the assets are funded by the
current liabilities
A measure of how well current liabilities are covered by liquid assets. A measure of 1:1 means that
we are able to meet our existing liabilities if they all fall due at once.
profit before interest and tax (PBIT)
Shareholders' funds+long-term liabilities×100%
Sales
Capital employed(in times)
PBIT (operating profit)
Sales×100%
Gearing ratio =Long-term liabilities
Long-term liabilities+equity×100%
Interest cover = Profit before interest and tax (PBIT)
Interest(in times)
Current ratio =Current Assets
Current Liabilities
Quick ratio (acid test) =Current assets-inventory
Current liabilities
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 3
3.2.2 Non-financial performance
Objectives Measures
Market share Market share in terms of percentage its product serves
Innovation Number of patents, copyright, spending on R & D
Growth Growth in turnover, profits, employees, assets
Productivity Number of units by shifts and hours, labour hours per unit, etc
Quality Number of claims, number of returned goods, warranty expense
Social aspects Amount spent in social areas (quantifying this might be a problem)
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ACCA-前导课 PART C-chapter 3
Quick quiz 1
The following information is available for company X:
20x7 20x8
Profit 7,500 9,000
Sales 50,000 450,000
Capital employed 37,500 60,000
Using the figures in the question above, calculate the asset turnover for 20x8.
A. 0.075 times
B. 0.13 times
C. 7.5 times
D. 13.3 times
Quick quiz 2
The following summarized statement of financial position is available for company L.
$’000
Non-current assets 31,250
Current assets
Inventory 35,000
Trade receivables 40,000
Cash 1,250
76,250
Total assets 107,500
Equity 47,500
Current liability (payable only) 60,000
Total 107,500
Calculate the quick ratio.
A. 0.6875
B. 0.7093
C. 1.2708
D. 2.0000
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ACCA-前导课 Part D
Part D 常见问题总结 ⚫ 英语不好怎么办?
⚫ ACCA 都是计算吗?
⚫ ACCA 必须按照顺序考试吗?
⚫ 挂科怎么办?
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ACCA-前导课 Answer paper
Answer paper Chapter 1
Quick quiz 1 BD
Quick quiz 2 B
Quick quiz 3 D
Quick quiz 4 C
Chapter 2
Quick quiz 1:
Dr Cr
$ $
1 Cash 500
Sales 500
2 Purchases 500
Cash 500
3 Rent expenses 1,500
Cash 1,500
4 Machine 10,000
Cash 10,000
5 Cash 2,000
Bank loan 2,000
Quick quiz 2 B
Quick quiz 3 False False False True
Chapter 3
Quick quiz 1 C
Quick quiz 2 A
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