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UMTS – Global Standard for 3G
Wireless Communication
Shariq Yasin
Sr. Manager (RNE)
3G Technologies (Guarantee) Ltd.
29th January, 2009
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Central Asian CDMA Forum
Provide CDMA/WCDMA technology and development awareness, training and related industry support in Central Asia through;
• Training & HR Development Collaboration with Governments, Regulatory Agencies, Operators, Academia, Professionals and Manufacturers
• Benchmarking of the Industry
• Technical Audit of Networks & Services
• Media and advocacy
• Inter-active discussion portal
• Roaming and specifications development (associate membership of CDG)
• Consultancies
Develop relationship with other Technology Development Organizations
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Accomplishments
Inter-active online portal• Region Telecom Industry News, Technology Information, Discussion Forum
& Job Postings
Series of CDMA awareness programs on FM radio network on CDMA Technology
Trainings Conducted• Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan Operators & MOC/Regulator, INPT/WANA
Moroco, Afghan Telecom, PTCL, PTA, FAB, Diallog, HEC, UET Lahore, IQRA University, DVcom, GIKI, IMS Peshawar, Telecard, Comsats etc.
Co-operation with other CDMA organizations like CDG, CDMAU, CCF, GHRC and regional CDMA Forum such as Africa CDMA Forum
Bench marking & Audit of CDMA operators
Establishment of CDMA HR Development Centre.
Establishment of permanent Engineering Services Working Group (ESWG) to resolve technical issues between CDMA operators
GHRC Initiative for Pakistan WLL Operators
Held Seminars on UMTS awareness and regulations in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan
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Sections
Multiple Access
IMT2000 Umbrella
Evolution Path
UMTS Services
UMTS Overview
Network Architecture
Codes and Channels
LTE Overview
UMTS Deployment and General Aspects
Multiple Access
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Multiple Access Techniques
Multiple Access
• To maximize the usage of scarce resource like
Frequency.
Three widely used techniques• Frequency Division Multiple Access
• Time Division Multiple Access
• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
• Code Division Multiple Access
• Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FH-SS)
• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS-SS)
IMT2000 Umbrella
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ITU, IMT2000
ITU (International Telecommunication Union)• Specialized agency of UN.
• Standardization of Telecommunication and allocation of Spectrum
• The Telecommunication Standardization Sector, ITU-T
• The Radiocommunication Sector, ITU-R
• The Telecommunication Development Sector, ITU-D
IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications)• Defined by ITU for the Global Standard for 3rd Generation wireless
communications in 1999
• Includes six radio interfaces as a part of the ITU-R M.1457 Recommendation:
• WCDMA (UTRA-FDD)
• CDMA2000
• TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA
• EDGE
• DECT
• IP-OFDMA TDD WMAN (in 2007)
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3GPP
3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)
• Created in Dec 1998, for the collaboration between
telecommunication associations to develop globally
acceptable 3G mobile phone system under the scope of
IMT-2000
• Technical Specifications and Technical Reports for a 3G
Mobile System based on evolved GSM core networks and
the radio access technologies that they support (i.e.,
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) both Frequency
Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD)
modes).
Evolution Path
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Need for Evolution
Global Standard for cost effectiveness
New Services (Video Telephony)
Spectral Efficiency to accommodate more subscribers
More Throughput (more UL and DL requirements)
Global Roaming
Achieving Customer Expectations
Roadmap to Future Evolution
Vendor Support
• EOM: (End of marketing) End of new order (1~2 Yr)
• EOFS: (End of Full support) End of bug fixing (3 Yr)
• EOS: (End of Service) End of Service Supporting (4 Yr)
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Evolution of 3G: Data Rates
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Timeline: UMTS and CDMA2000
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Evolution of 3G
UMTS Services
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Voice Call
• Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Voice Codec
Packet Switched (PS) Data
• Reuses NAS layer of GPRS
Circuit Switched (CS) Data
• Includes Sync / Async Data
• Includes Group 3 Fax
• Protocols the same as for GSM
Location Based Services (LBS)
Call Types
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Multi- Services requires service classified QoS
• Time-delay sensitivity
Service classified
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Device Support
UMTS Overview
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UMTS and W-CDMA
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• UMTS encompasses the entire mobile communication system,
including the two core networks, and up to three radio access
networks.
CS-Core
Network
UTRA-TDD
PS-Core
Network
UTRA-FDD
(WCDMA)GSM/GPRS
Non-Access
Stratum (NAS)
Access
Stratum
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• Universal Mobile Telecommunication System/Wide-
band CDMA is a 3G, Direct Sequence CDMA-based
Radio Access Network (RAN), with chip rate of 3.84 Mcps.
• Designed to be deployed under GSM/GPRS network.
• “WCDMA” refers to the FDD Physical Layer and
the protocols that support it.
• “UTRAN” refers to the UMTS/WCDMA Radio Access
network.
• “UMTS” refers to the entire network.
What is UMTS/WCDMA?
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The carrier frequency is designated by the UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency
Channel Number (UARFCN), where
Fcenter = UARFCN * 200 KHz
UMTS/WCDMA Spectrum
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UMTS/WCDMA Bandwidth
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3GPP Standards
Release 99
•FDD and TDD at 3.84 Mcps
•Services as in GSM/GPRS
•Support for Multicall
•Location Services
Release 4
•TDD at 1.28 Mcps
•UTRA Repeater
•Core Network Transport to IP
•Non-transparent Real-Time
Facsimile
Release 5
•UTRAN Transport to IP
•IP Based Multimedia Services
•A-GPS with Open Interface
for SMLC and RNC
•HSDPA
HSDPA•Included in Release 5
•Adaptive modulation and coding
•Multiple codes allocation
• Physical Layer HARQ
•DL Rates as high as 10 Mbps
HSUPA•Release 6 & 7
•New Channels Added (E-DCH)
•New Physical Dedicated
Channels for UL and DL
•UL Rates as high as 5.4 Mbps
HSPA Release 7+
Release 8•Long Term Evolution (LTE)
•New Access Technology based on OFDMA, CDMA and TDMA
•DL Rates as high as 100Mbps
•UL Rates as high as 50Mbps
Network Architecture
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UMTS Network Topology
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WCDMA R5 Network Architecture
GSM /GPRS BSS
BTS
BSC
NodeB
RNC
PCU
UTRAN
SCPSMS
SCE
HLR/AUC/HS
S
SGSN
CG BG
GGSN
GPRS
backbone
MG
W
MG
W
VMSC ServerGMSC Server
IP/ATM BackboneCS domain
PS
domain
Iu-CS
Iu-PS
IP backbone
MRFP
IMS domain
MGW
P-CSCFS-CSCF
MGCF
MRFC
SS7
PSTN/PLMN
Internet,
Intranet
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WCDMA RAN Architecture
RNS
RNC
RNS
RNC
Core Network
Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iu Iu
Iur
Iub IubIub Iub
Previous interfaces with new identities
New Interfaces like Iur
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RL
NodeB
RB
RNC
RAB
CNUE
RL: Radio Link
RB: Radio Bearer
RAB: Radio Access Bearer
Link Types
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UE Modes of Connection
Idle Mode • (No active Connection)
Cell_DCH• CS and PS Call connected
with handover
Cell_FACH• PS Connected with Cell
Update
Cell_PCH• PS Dormant with Cell Update
URA_PCH• PS Dormant with URA Update
Codes and Channels
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• OVSF Codes: Orthogonal Codes
• Gold Codes: Spreading Codes
• DL PSC: 512, SSC: 7680
• UL Scrambling Codes: 16.8 million
Codes in UMTS/WCDMA
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OVSF codes (Walsh) are completely orthogonal and their mutual correlation is zero.
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
Cch,1,0 = (1)
Cch,2,0 = (1,1)
Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)
Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
OVSF & Walsh
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Purpose of OVSF
Downlink SF of typical service
Typical service Data rate Downlink
SF
AMR 12.2, kbps 128
VP 64kbps 32
144kbps 144kbps 16
384kbps 384kbps 8
HSDPA 14.4mbps for one cell 16
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Physical Layer Procedures
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Traffic Channel(TCH)
Control Channel(CCH)
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)
Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
Paging Control Channel (PCCH)
Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)
Common Control Channel (CCCH)
UMTS Logical Channel
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Broadcast Channel BCH
Forward Access Channel FACH
Paging Channel PCH
Random Access Channel RACH
Dedicated Channel DCH
• DCH includes uplink and downlink
Common transport
channel
Dedicated transport
channel
UMTS Transport Channel
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Channel Mapping
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Node B UE
P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical Channel
SCH – Synchronous Channel
P-CPICH – Primary Common Pilot Channel
S-CPICH – Secondary Common Pilot Channel
Cell broadcast channels
DPDCH – Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DPCCH – Dedicated Physical Control Channel
Dedicated channel
Paging channel
PICH – Paging Indicator Channel
S-CCPCH – Primary Common Control Physical Channel
PRACH – Physical Random Access Channel
AICH – Acquisition Indicator Channel
Random access channel
HS-DPCCH – High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
HS-SCCH – High Speed Shared Control Channel
HS-PDSCH -High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
High speed downlink shared channel
Functions of Physical Channel
LTE Overview
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Long Term Evolution
The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has approved the functional freeze of LTE (Long Term Evolution) as part of 3GPP Release 8 - 11th December 2008
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been selected for the Downlink and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for the Uplink. The Downlink will support data modulation schemes QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM and the Uplink will support BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM.
Supports MIMO and SMART Antenna technology
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LTE Performance Requirement
Metric Requirement
Peak Data Rates DL: 100 Mbps
UL: 50 Mbps
(for 20MHz spectrum)
Mobility Support Up to 500kmph
Optimized to 0 to 15kmph
User Plane Latency <5ms
Control Plane Capacity >200 users per cell
(for 5MHz spectrum)
Coverage
(Cell Size)
5 ~ 100km with slight
degradation after 30km
Spectrum Flexibility 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 MHz
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LTE Logical Channels
Control Channel
• Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
• Paging Control Channel (PCCH)
• Common Control Channel (CCCH)
• Multicast Control Channel (MCCH)
• Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)
Traffic Channel
• Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)
• Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH)
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LTE Transport Channels
Downlink Channels
• Broadcast Channel (BCH)
• Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)
• Paging Channel (PCH)
• Multicast Channel (MCH)
Uplink Channels
• Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)
• Random Access Channel (RACH)
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LTE Entities
Evolved NodeB (eNB)
Evolved Radio Access Network (eRAN)
Serving Gateway (SGW)
Mobility Management Entity (MME)
Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN GW)
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LTE Advance
ITU has introduced a term IMT-Advanced for
mobile systems beyond IMT-2000 scope.
In June 2008, 3GPP held two workshops on
“Requirements for Further Advancements for
E-UTRA”
IMT-Advanced 3GPP RAN working on LTE-
Advanced
UMTS Deployment and
General Aspects
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UMTS Global Facts
WCDMA Subscribers 351m
HSPA Subscribers 79m
HSPA Devices >1000
UMTS Deployments 260 in 105 countries
HSDPA Deployments 230 in 90 countries
UMTS Forum – 26 Jan 2009
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Regional Status
Middle East and North Africa
Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait, Oman,
Bahrain,
Yemen, UAE,
Qatar
Egypt, Libya,
Algeria,
Morocco,
Turkey, Iran,
Iraq and
Afghanistan
SAARC Central Asia
India,
Bangladesh,
Maldives,
Bhutan,
Afghanistan,
Sri Lanka.
Nepal
Kyrgyzstan,
Armenia,
Georgia,
Tajikistan,
Uzbekistan,
Mongolia
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UMTS Vendors
Ericsson
Huawei
LG
Alcatel-Lucent
Motorola
Nokia Siemens Network
Samsung
NEC
Nortel Networks
ZTE
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Pakistan
T&T
1962
Two
AMPS
Cellular
Licenses
1989
Paging
License
1990
Card Payphone
Licenses
1991
01st GSM
License
1992
Paging
Licenses
1993
DNOP/VAS
Licenses,
1994
Telecom Sector
Reorganisation
1994
Onward
s
PTCL WLL
1994
PTCL gets
GSM License
1999Launch of
New
Mobile/WLL/
LDI
Companies
2004
Onwards
PTCL
Privatisation
2005
Onwards
1947
Post and
Telegraph
Dept
Pakistan
IT Policy
2000
Deregulation
of state
monopoly
2002
Onwards2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 4.0 4.6 6.3 7.0
11.0
35.0
45.054.0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Road to Deregulation Competition
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MOITT (Ministry of IT and Telecoms)
• Generation of Policy, and Oversight on PTA, FAB, PSEB, USF,ICT R&D Fund and PTCL.
PTA (Pakistan Telecom Authority)
• Regulates the establishment, operation and maintenance of telecommunication systems
• Responsible for promoting & development of telecommunication systems and services
FAB (Frequency Allocation Board)
• Allocates radio frequency spectrum to the Government, providers of telecommunication
services, radio and television broadcasting operators, public and private wireless operators
and others
• Separate from, but reporting to (at least in theory) PTA.
NTC (National telecommunication Corporation)
• Limited mandate to provide services to the Government
SCO (Special Communications Organization)
• Limited mandate to provide services to Azad Kashmir
Pakistan Government
Telecommunication Bodies
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UMTS in Pakistani Scenario
At least two licenses were committed for auction
in IM issued by MoIT. (Each of 10 MHz)
PTA and FAB has to clear the 3G spectrum in
2.1GHz band by the end of 2006.
Delays due to:
• Reluctance of Operators
• Economic and Political Conditions of Pakistan
• Declining ARPU
• Un-identified Killer Application
Question & Answers
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References
WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
WCDMA for UMTS: Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications, H. Holma and A. Toskla, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2002.
HSDPA: Protocol and Physical Layer, Qualcomm UMTS University.
HSUPA:Protocol and Physical Layer, Qualcomm UMTS University.
LTE Technical Overview (whitepaper) Motorola
UMTS Forum (www.umts-forum.org)
UMTS World (www.umtsworld.com)
Thank YouShariq Yasin
shariq@3gca.org