Post on 16-Jul-2015
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The Puzzle of (Writing) Patterns:Understanding and Identifying Text StructureReading Strategies
MAPPS MAPPS
• Asking “Where is the proof?” leads you to the author’s supporting details.
• Supporting details give
support – evidence or proof – for the author’s point.
• Asking “Where is the proof?” leads you to the author’s supporting details.
• Supporting details give
support – evidence or proof – for the author’s point.
THE QUESTIONS WE KNOW NOW TO THE QUESTIONS WE KNOW NOW TO ASK…ASK…
•Or the TEXT STRUCTURE…
Identifying
Understanding
The Puzzle of
Patterns
Text Structure
A “structure” is a building or framework.
“Text structure” refers to how a piece of text is built.
There are patterns or clues available for every text.
• The major supporting details of a paragraph are often organized in a certain pattern.
• At times, you can forecast the pattern of organization when you read the topic sentence
• After you make a question out of the topic sentence, you can mentally prepare a structure in which to fill in the answers.
• What kinds are there?
• Signal words (transitions):
• How are these alike?
• Signal words (transitions):
the same, identical similar, similarly, similarity alike, like, likewise both not only . . . But also
• How are these different?• Signal words (transitions):
differs from, differs by, a difference contrasts with, in contrast, to the contrary on the one hand . . . on the other hand however, although, but, while instead, rather distinguishes, distinguish between
Item 1Item 1
Similarity or differenceSimilarity or difference
Similarity or differenceSimilarity or difference
Item 2Item 2
Similarity or differenceSimilarity or difference
Similarity or differenceSimilarity or difference
• What does this word or idea mean?• Signal words (transitions):
is, that is is called, can be understood as, refers to means, has come to mean defined as consists of is not; rejected the idea (used to show what a
term does not mean)
Term Being Defined
General Category
Specific Type
Particular Example
• Details to help understand the general statements
• Signal words (transitions):
for instance, to illustrate, namely, for example.
Specific exampleSpecific example
Specific exampleSpecific example
General categoryGeneral category
Specific exampleSpecific example
• What made this happen?
• Signal words (transitions):
• What does this lead to? What is the result of this action?
• Signal words (transitions):
CauseCause
CauseCause
CauseCause
EffectEffect CauseCause
EffectEffect
EffectEffect
Effect, which becomes
a cause
Effect, which becomes
a causeCauseCause Effect,
which becomes a cause
Effect, which becomes
a causeEffectEffect
• When did events happen?
• Signal words (transitions): before, during, after first, second, third next, then, later preceding, following, afterward as soon as, when, while, until, since days, dates, and times
PastPast PresentPresent FutureFuture
• What order the steps occurred• Signal words (transitions):
first step, second step, third step first stage, second stage . . . first, next, eventually, last start, continue, end any of the words from the Narration List in
your textbook.
Second event
Second event
FirsteventFirst
eventThirdeventThirdevent
Fourthevent
Fourthevent
and so on
and so on
• Where are things located?• Signal words (transitions):
on the left, in the middle, on the right in front of, in back of above, below, underneath, behind, forward off in the distance, beyond, up close, near, far at, in, on (at the store, in the wilderness, on the
table) inside, outside, inward, outward ten feet away, a mile in the distance, 2 ½ inches
from the top.
• As you read, mentally use your senses, especially your sense of sight, to re-create the scene the author is describing.
• Sometimes it’s helpful to draw a diagram or map