Post on 16-Jul-2015
transcript
70%
20%
10%
Wet waste Recyclable Inert
Reference: Disc
ussio
ns with
MCG
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
High income household Low income household
Waste per person pe
r day (g)
Organic Grit PlasIc Paper Glass Reference: Shristhi and
TER
I
Household waste composi1on
Background
• Economic growth …. • Any limits to growth? • We have more than enough industrial capacity for car
manufacture, but we are near the limits of road-‐space and throughput capacity
• In fact, the limits to growth do not come from scarcity in supply, but from the damage to the environment and health associated with the use of resources
• The limits to resource use lie on the consump>on side of economic ac1vity, not the supply side
Background – the linear economy
Environment depleIon
distribuIon consumpIon producIon of goods
primary producIon
POS- Point of Sale private consumption
Target of economical system
Environment discharge
disposal
Background – the linear economy
Efficiency of Material Flows in actual commercial systems
depleIon distribuIon consumpIon producIon of goods
primary producIon
POS-Point of Sale – private consumption:
Approx. 10%
Products, never reaching the POS:
Approx. 90%
discharge disposal
Environment
The produc1on of just one PC
• Needs appr. 16 – 19 tons of resources (a car needs appr. 28 tons)
• Appr. 700 different substances, appr. 3,000 l water and 2,000 kWh electricity
• During produc1on appr. 60 kg of hazardous waste is generated (FCHW and acids )
• Life 1me of individual parts is up to 20 years, the pc however is replaced aYer 2 to 4 years
Reference: sustainable management – mindset-values-action
Projected need for 2 planet by 2050
1900 2100 2002 2050
Reference: Wuppertal Institute
says the other: “Yes, I suffer from homo sapiens"
A planet meets the other: “You do look bad!"
The first one answers: “Don´t worry, this will pass!"
Moving away from the linear economy
… towards a circular economy
Recycling is good, but … What else can we do?
What else can we do?
We can say
to
Not just Recycling …
24 | TOWARDS THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY
2. From linear to circularContinued
FIGURE 6 The circular economy—an industrial system that is restorative by design
Farming/collection1
Biochemical feedstock
Restoration
Biogas
Anaerobic digestion/ composting
Extraction of biochemical feedstock2
Cascades
Collection
Energy recovery
Leakage to be minimised
Parts manufacturer
Product manufacturer
Service provider
Landfill
Collection
User
Biosphere
Mining/materials manufacturing
Technical nutrients
Recycle
Refurbish/remanufacture
Reuse/redistribute
Maintenance
1 Hunting and fishing2 Can take both post-harvest and post-consumer waste as an inputSource: Ellen MacArthur Foundation circular economy team
6 2803 0006 9
Consumer
Biological nutrients
The drive to shift the material composition of consumables from technical towards biological nutrients and to have those cascade through different applications before extracting valuable feedstock and finally re-introducing their nutrients into the biosphere, rounds out the core principles of a restorative circular economy. Figure 6 illustrates how technological and biological nutrient-based products and materials cycle through the economic system, each with their own set of characteristics—which will be detailed later in this chapter.
What is waste?
Output we do not want to have! Or … we do not know how to use!
Emissions air
Energy
Product
Input P
roce
ss
Emissions water
Waste
Output we do not want to have
Waste management -‐
is more than simply arranging dust bins in the city!
Ø Compliance with MSW Rules Ø Integrated approach to waste management Ø InformaIon/moIvaIon Ø ConInuous controlling
Instead of just managing waste, we need to first manage our aVtude towards waste!
Waste can be ...
Avoided &Reduced
(minimise inputsincrease efficiency)
Changeraw
material
Changeprocess
Changetechnology
Good House-keeping
Servicesinstead
of products
Change product
I.
Recycled
Withinthe process
Insidethecompany
externally
II.
Disposed of
Reductionof the volume
De-toxi-fication
Stabilisation
Energetically
III.Properly!!
Avoided &Reduced
(minimise inputsincrease efficiency)
Changeraw
material
Changeprocess
Changetechnology
Good House-keeping
Servicesinstead
of products
Change product
I.
Recycled
Withinthe process
Insidethecompany
externally
II.
Disposed of
Reductionof the volume
De-toxi-fication
Stabilisation
Energetically
III.Properly!!
Integrated waste management
Reuse and manpower
• An increase of reuse and remanufacturing, corresponds to subs1tu1ng labour for energy
• Skilled and experienced craYsmen repair and manufacture in compara1vely small workshops wherever goods need to be repaired and there is a market for them
• These workshops are usually located in rural or urban area with high unemployment, making reuse a double acrac1ve proposi1on
Approaches – suitable for India
Prac1cal op1ons Reduce • Packaging • Borrow – don’t buy! • ….
Reuse • Cloth bags for shopping • Cans, juice bocles • Clothes, books, toys … • Both sides of paper
Prac1cal op1ons Segregate Waste to obtain Wealth • Bio waste
– Vegetable oils – filter and use – Bio mass – Bio Digester (Methane gas + fer1liser)
– Compos1ng • Oil – recyle (re-‐refining and reuse) • Paper and wood – reuse before recyling • Plas1cs (no burning!) – reuse before recycling • Packing materials – use natural packing
Clean Technologies
Closed-loop waste management 6
Problem 1 – The separation process used in coffee production results in major waste of coffee pulp surrounding the bean. Not used, this pulp waste is often being disposed of, and represents a danger to the environment.
Innovative solution 1 – Pectcof has developed a biorefinery solution which is based on green chemistry and biotechnology. The innovative process consists in collecting the pulp waste, shipping it to the Netherlands, extracting the product (pectin) from the waste and introducing it to its perspective markets.
The biorefinery solution developed by Pectcof has several advantages. First, it enables coffee producers to detoxify their waste stream and therefore reduces their spending in waste management. It also prevents toxic leaching into rivers, lakes or soil that existed before the new process and therefore has a positive impact on the environment.
Up to now, Pectcof has managed to produce pectin from coffee pulp with applications in the food products and pharmaceuticals industries. They are currently working on biochemical and bio-fuels that could be produced from the new process.
Separation of coffee bean and pulp in the coffee cherry
The no-waste closed-loop approach of Pectcof
Source: Pectcof12
Problem 2 – End of life textile products and clothes are often thrown away. There is a need to leverage on this textile waste.
Innovative solution 2 – Worn Again has been developing a chemical textile recycling technology and closed loop resource model for the past 2 1/2 years. This technology separates and recaptures polyester and cellulose from the end of use textiles with the intention of turning it back into equivalent virgin resources at the same quality and price.
The solution that Worn Again is introducing aims to solve a current problem of the recycling industry. This includes the inability to separate blended fibre garments, dyes and other contaminants. The new Worn Again solution aims to recapture polyester and cellulose from cotton and eliminate this hurdle.
The company has received large press coverage when it was collaborating with household names such as Eurostar, Virgin and McDonald’s. However, since then, their business model shifted from “upcycling”, which means converting waste materials into new products, to closed loop recycling technology development. The company is currently partnering with major clothing retailers, while exploring routes to industrialisation.
Old staff uniforms turned into bags for Eurostar
Source: Worn Again13
Problem 3 – With the average user changing their mobile phone every 18 months, there is a large waste of electronic devices and accessories.
Innovative solution 3 – SecondLifElectronics has developed a recycling solution for portable electronic devices. The mission of the firm is to collect, refurbish, reuse mobile phones, portable electronics and their accessories. The solution developed by SecondLifElectronids is particularly beneficial for the end-users. They can now earn revenues from what they previously discarded, and thus renew their devices more often.
The company is aiming at two types of clients for the collected devices. Firstly, the end of life stock is recycled by melting to leverage on the parts with high value. Secondly, the devices, which can still be used, are sold to emerging markets, where the demand for such products is high.
Clean Technologies
Closed-loop waste management 6
Problem 1 – The separation process used in coffee production results in major waste of coffee pulp surrounding the bean. Not used, this pulp waste is often being disposed of, and represents a danger to the environment.
Innovative solution 1 – Pectcof has developed a biorefinery solution which is based on green chemistry and biotechnology. The innovative process consists in collecting the pulp waste, shipping it to the Netherlands, extracting the product (pectin) from the waste and introducing it to its perspective markets.
The biorefinery solution developed by Pectcof has several advantages. First, it enables coffee producers to detoxify their waste stream and therefore reduces their spending in waste management. It also prevents toxic leaching into rivers, lakes or soil that existed before the new process and therefore has a positive impact on the environment.
Up to now, Pectcof has managed to produce pectin from coffee pulp with applications in the food products and pharmaceuticals industries. They are currently working on biochemical and bio-fuels that could be produced from the new process.
Separation of coffee bean and pulp in the coffee cherry
The no-waste closed-loop approach of Pectcof
Source: Pectcof12
Problem 2 – End of life textile products and clothes are often thrown away. There is a need to leverage on this textile waste.
Innovative solution 2 – Worn Again has been developing a chemical textile recycling technology and closed loop resource model for the past 2 1/2 years. This technology separates and recaptures polyester and cellulose from the end of use textiles with the intention of turning it back into equivalent virgin resources at the same quality and price.
The solution that Worn Again is introducing aims to solve a current problem of the recycling industry. This includes the inability to separate blended fibre garments, dyes and other contaminants. The new Worn Again solution aims to recapture polyester and cellulose from cotton and eliminate this hurdle.
The company has received large press coverage when it was collaborating with household names such as Eurostar, Virgin and McDonald’s. However, since then, their business model shifted from “upcycling”, which means converting waste materials into new products, to closed loop recycling technology development. The company is currently partnering with major clothing retailers, while exploring routes to industrialisation.
Old staff uniforms turned into bags for Eurostar
Source: Worn Again13
Problem 3 – With the average user changing their mobile phone every 18 months, there is a large waste of electronic devices and accessories.
Innovative solution 3 – SecondLifElectronics has developed a recycling solution for portable electronic devices. The mission of the firm is to collect, refurbish, reuse mobile phones, portable electronics and their accessories. The solution developed by SecondLifElectronids is particularly beneficial for the end-users. They can now earn revenues from what they previously discarded, and thus renew their devices more often.
The company is aiming at two types of clients for the collected devices. Firstly, the end of life stock is recycled by melting to leverage on the parts with high value. Secondly, the devices, which can still be used, are sold to emerging markets, where the demand for such products is high.
Coffee pulp is “waste”
Clean Technologies
Closed-loop waste management 6
Problem 1 – The separation process used in coffee production results in major waste of coffee pulp surrounding the bean. Not used, this pulp waste is often being disposed of, and represents a danger to the environment.
Innovative solution 1 – Pectcof has developed a biorefinery solution which is based on green chemistry and biotechnology. The innovative process consists in collecting the pulp waste, shipping it to the Netherlands, extracting the product (pectin) from the waste and introducing it to its perspective markets.
The biorefinery solution developed by Pectcof has several advantages. First, it enables coffee producers to detoxify their waste stream and therefore reduces their spending in waste management. It also prevents toxic leaching into rivers, lakes or soil that existed before the new process and therefore has a positive impact on the environment.
Up to now, Pectcof has managed to produce pectin from coffee pulp with applications in the food products and pharmaceuticals industries. They are currently working on biochemical and bio-fuels that could be produced from the new process.
Separation of coffee bean and pulp in the coffee cherry
The no-waste closed-loop approach of Pectcof
Source: Pectcof12
Problem 2 – End of life textile products and clothes are often thrown away. There is a need to leverage on this textile waste.
Innovative solution 2 – Worn Again has been developing a chemical textile recycling technology and closed loop resource model for the past 2 1/2 years. This technology separates and recaptures polyester and cellulose from the end of use textiles with the intention of turning it back into equivalent virgin resources at the same quality and price.
The solution that Worn Again is introducing aims to solve a current problem of the recycling industry. This includes the inability to separate blended fibre garments, dyes and other contaminants. The new Worn Again solution aims to recapture polyester and cellulose from cotton and eliminate this hurdle.
The company has received large press coverage when it was collaborating with household names such as Eurostar, Virgin and McDonald’s. However, since then, their business model shifted from “upcycling”, which means converting waste materials into new products, to closed loop recycling technology development. The company is currently partnering with major clothing retailers, while exploring routes to industrialisation.
Old staff uniforms turned into bags for Eurostar
Source: Worn Again13
Problem 3 – With the average user changing their mobile phone every 18 months, there is a large waste of electronic devices and accessories.
Innovative solution 3 – SecondLifElectronics has developed a recycling solution for portable electronic devices. The mission of the firm is to collect, refurbish, reuse mobile phones, portable electronics and their accessories. The solution developed by SecondLifElectronids is particularly beneficial for the end-users. They can now earn revenues from what they previously discarded, and thus renew their devices more often.
The company is aiming at two types of clients for the collected devices. Firstly, the end of life stock is recycled by melting to leverage on the parts with high value. Secondly, the devices, which can still be used, are sold to emerging markets, where the demand for such products is high.
Staff old uniforms made into bags for the staff
Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
All urban local bodies … waste collec1on, segrega1on, storage, transporta1on, processing and disposal … By 31-‐Dec-‐2003 !
A MSW management success story…
“Whatever you may do may seem insignificant to you, but it’s most
important that you do it”
-‐ Mahatma Gandhi
Thank you for your acen1on
For addi,onal informa,on, please contact:
STENUM Asia Sustainable Development Society SFF 101, Palam Triangle, Palam Vihar, Gurgaon 122017 www.stenum-‐asia.org
Rajat BATRA 9811051918 rajat.batra@stenum-‐asia.org