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Disasters and Conflicts

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1999-2009: 10 years of Disasters and Conflicts operations

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The Kosovo conflict, 1999

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Afghanistan, 2002

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Iraq, 2004

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The Maldives and other post-tsunami countries, 2005

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Lebanon, 2006

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Sudan, 2007

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Ukraine, 2007

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2010-2013: UNEP Priority Areas

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Who we are: The Disasters and Conflicts programme

Objective:Objective:

To minimize threats to human well-being from the To minimize threats to human well-being from the environmental causes and consequences of conflicts environmental causes and consequences of conflicts and disasters.and disasters.

Objective:Objective:

To minimize threats to human well-being from the To minimize threats to human well-being from the environmental causes and consequences of conflicts environmental causes and consequences of conflicts and disasters.and disasters.

3 main UNEP capacities – all based in Geneva:

1. Joint UNEP-OCHA Environment Unit (global)

2. Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch (global)

3. Environment and Security Initiative (Europe/Central Asia focus)

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Who we are: PCDMB

PCDMB coordinates conflict and disaster operations across UNEP.

Located in Geneva, with a staff of approximately 30.

Project offices in Afghanistan, Sudan, DR Congo, Rwanda and Nigeria.

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Who we are: Who does what?

Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit

Post-Conflict andDisaster Management Branch

ReliefReliefReliefRelief RecoveryRecoveryRecoveryRecovery DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment

RegionalOffice

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Where we work

Past operations:AlbaniaBosnia and HerzegovinaGeorgiaIndonesiaIraqLebanonLiberiaMacedoniaMaldivesMontenegroSerbiaSeychellesSomaliaSri LankaThailand

Current operations:AfghanistanNepalCôte d’IvoireSierra LeonePeople’s Republic of ChinaSudanThe Gaza StripNigeriaMyanmarCentral African RepublicRwandaDemocratic Republic of Congo

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What we do Post-crisis environmental Post-crisis environmental

assessmentsassessments

Post-crisis environmental Post-crisis environmental assessmentsassessments

Post-crisis environmental Post-crisis environmental recoveryrecovery

Disaster risk Disaster risk reductionreduction

Environmental cooperation Environmental cooperation for peacebuildingfor peacebuilding

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Environmental assessments: Gaza • Dec 2008-Jan 2009: Escalation of violence in the Gaza Strip

• Jan-Feb 2009: UN Early Recovery mission

• February 2009: UNEP GC Decision 25/12

• May 2009: UNEP field mission to Gaza

• July 2009: PCEA report published

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Environmental assessments: Gaza • Sectors covered: • Water and waste water

management• Solid and hazardous waste

management, including asbestos

• The coastal and marine environment

• Economic assessment of environmental rehabilitation

• 32 sites inspected, over 100 samples taken

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Environmental recovery: Afghanistan

– Nearly 30 years of conflict

– 80% of population relies directly on natural resources

– UNEP engagement since 2001

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Post-conflict environmental assessment

Phase 1:Phase 1:2002-20032002-2003

1 million1 million

Phase 1:Phase 1:2002-20032002-2003

1 million1 million

Building the foundation for environmental governance (institutions, policies, laws)

Phase 2:Phase 2:2004-20072004-2007

5 million5 million

Phase 2:Phase 2:2004-20072004-2007

5 million5 million

Phase 3:Phase 3:2008-20102008-2010

9 million9 million

Phase 3:Phase 3:2008-20102008-2010

9 million9 million

Supporting the implementation of the new environmental

governance framework

8 year engagement – full in-country programme8 year engagement – full in-country programme National Environmental Protection Authority established and National Environmental Protection Authority established and supportedsupported Framework environmental law + sectoral laws drafted and passedFramework environmental law + sectoral laws drafted and passed

Environmental recovery: Afghanistan

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Environmental recovery: China

May 2008: 8.0

magnitude earthquake

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Environmental recovery: China

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Disaster risk reduction

« Growth area » for 2010-2011 biennium

Partnership for Environment and Disaster Risk Reduction (PEDRR)

Mangroves for the Future – Coastal Zone ManagementTraining (Sri Lanka, India and Indonesia).

Environmental vulnerability assessment methodology.

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Environmental Cooperation for Peacebuilding

• Peacebuilding: Integrate natural resource management and environmental governance within peacebuilding plans and strategies. Develop targeted peacebuilding interventions.

Peacekeeping: Minimize environmental impact, monitor resource exploitation / trade, and link DDR to natural resource management.

Environmental diplomacy: Use environment as a platform for dialogue, confidence-building and cooperation.

Legal protection: Improve protection of natural resources and the environment during armed conflicts.

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Environmental Cooperation for Peacebuilding

Partnership with UN Peacebuilding Commission

Creation of Expert Advisory Group

Partnership with Earth Institute

Policy report, conflict analysis framework, PCNA guidance, book of 60 case studies

UN-EC Partnership on Natural Resources and Conflict

Conflict analysis field missions to DR Congo, Sierra Leone and Central African Republic

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Mainstreaming Disasters and Conflicts across UNEP

• Training etc.

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2010-2011 at a glance

• Major environmental assessments in DR Congo and Nigeria

• Recovery programmes in Afghanistan, Sudan, Rwanda, China

• Development of the Disaster Risk Reduction portfolio

• Environmental cooperation for peacebuilding, phase II

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For more information, visit our website:

www.unep.org/conflictsanddisasters

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